参与式设计 自然保护地传统村落

Industrialization and urbanization have affected Indonesia’s rural communities and farming culture, which were once integral parts of its ecological system. This paper presents a participatory co-design approach based on the local and traditional learning philosophy of niteni to support sustainable development. The participatory co-design approach encouraged collaboration between marginalized communities, government bodies, and a multidisciplinary academic team. Through this lens, interviews, forums, and an ethnographic study were undertaken in order to acquire data and information for idea generation and planning. Firstly, eight niteni themes were identified, including the environment and ecosystems, traditional values and farming culture, crafting skills, manufacturing, and the local economy. Building on an understanding of the challenges associated with each of these themes, we identified future development priorities. A key action identified was the reintroduction of traditional farming, in particular the planting of local rice varieties and the local tradition of Pranatamangsa, which promote human–nature connections such as farming activities and rituals following natural seasonal cycles. Finally, design approaches were used to revive the local rice farming tradition (Rojolele Delanggu), including product branding and packaging designs to support regional identity. The paper concludes that the inclusion of design thinking in a sustainable development strategy based on cultural specificity can increase participation and support traditional indigenous practices and community resiliency.

… We also performed participatory observation during 15 social situations involving the 3 … These events occurred in different places, including community villages in the county of Matias …

… protected area management (CMPA) and community conserved areas (CCAs) 7. … Mendha-Lekha village in central India protects nearly 2000 hectares of forest containing threatened …

We explore the relationship between protected areas (PAs) and traditional communities to further the proposition of conservation as a sociotechnical phenomenon. To do this, we use an anthropological empirical approach based on long‐term ethnographic studies conducted in Brazil by 2 different researchers who lived among local fishers on the Amazon and Quilombolas in the Cerrado (a savanna). Both studies related to the establishment of terms of commitment between PAs and traditional communities in the context of participatory management. In one case, an agreement between the staff of the Lago Piratuba Biological Reserve and pirarucu fish harpooners from Sucuriju village regarding fishing methods is examined. The other case explores the transformations related to the ban on firebreaks practiced by Quilombola communities in the Cerrado region of central Brazil and the efforts by the managers of the Serra Geral do Tocantins Ecological Station to rehabilitate cultural burns. We find there were benefits to a sociotechnical approach to understanding environmental conservation. The permanence of the harpoon in the Amazon and the rehabilitation of firebreaks in the Cerrado reconfigure conservation and local communities’ techniques. More generally, this perspective can help avoid a reified view of the traditional communities and an abstract perspective of conservation policies. We believe sociotechnical conservation is a transformative approach that can be used to improve conventional conservation perspectives.

This article forwards the argument that combining institutional and people participation is fundamental to the pursuit of ‘sustainability’. A generalized model of participation is proposed based on building consensus and preventing/resolving conflict between all stakeholders who might be influential in, or affected by, the effect of major developments on a society's goals for sustainability. This ‘consensus’ participation model seeks to overcome problems relating to the exclusive nature of community-based ‘popular’ participation (such as Participatory Rural Appraisal), and the narrow economic nature of current ‘stakeholder’ participation. The model is founded upon two ideas: that to achieve consensus requires stakeholders to negotiate and reach agreement collaboratively, and that certain stakeholders (e.g. the disenfranchised poor and entrenched government bureaucracies) are often polarized from a capability to contribute effectively to this process. In a manner similar to the introduction of methodologies to guide environmental management in project planning (environmental impact assessment, land use evaluation etc.), it is suggested that methodological frameworks are needed to aid the process of integrating ‘consensus’ participation within major development initiatives (large-scale projects, sectoral programmes, strategic land use or resource management planning, and regional and national policy formulation). Based on research in Zambia, an example of a consensus-orientated participation framework is presented, designed to guide preparation of strategic management plans for protected areas. The example is used to draw out some of the benefits of ‘consensus’ participation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Protected areas (PAs) are a frequently used conservation strategy, yet their socioeconomic impacts on local communities remain contentious. A shift toward increased participation by local communities in PA governance seeks to deliver benefits for human well‐being and biodiversity. Although participation is considered critical to the success of PAs, few researchers have investigated individuals’ decisions to participate and what this means for how local people experience the costs and benefits of conservation. We explored who participates in PA governance associations and why; the perceived benefits and costs to participation; and how costs and benefits are distributed within and between communities. Methods included 3 focus groups, 37 interviews, and 217 questionnaire surveys conducted in 3 communities and other stakeholders (e.g., employees of a nongovernmental organization and government officials) in PA governance in Madagascar. Our study design was grounded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the most commonly applied behavior model in social psychology. Participation in PA governance was limited by miscommunication and lack of knowledge about who could get involved and how. Respondents perceived limited benefits and high costs and uneven distribution of these within and between communities. Men, poorer households, and people in remote villages reported the highest costs. Our findings illustrate challenges related to comanagement of PAs: understanding the heterogeneous nature of communities; ensuring all households are represented in governance participation; understanding differences in the meaning of forest protection; and targeting interventions to reach households most in need to avoid elite capture.

… their intended goals of balancing conservation and development. Protected area zoning is an … In this paper, we present a systematic methodology that integrates a participatory process …

As protected areas (PAs) expand globally at an accelerating rate, reconciling biodiversity conservation with socioeconomic development in adjacent communities has become a critical challenge for landscape sustainability. This systematic review synthesizes literature (1990–2025) to trace three interconnected transitions: (1) the conceptual evolution from exclusionary to inclusive PA–community paradigms, grounded in shifting perceptions of cultural landscapes; (2) the governance transformation from tokenistic participation to power-sharing co-management frameworks; and (3) the spatial planning progression from fragmented “island” models to integrated protected area networks (PANs) leveraging ecological corridors. Our analysis reveals that disconnected PA–community relationships exacerbate conservation–development conflicts, particularly where cultural landscapes are undervalued. A key finding is that cultural–natural synergies act as pivotal mediators for conservation efficacy, necessitating context-adaptive governance approaches. This study advances landscape planning theory by proposing a rural landscape network framework that integrates settlement patches, biocultural corridors, and PA matrices to optimize ecological connectivity while empowering communities. Empirical insights from China highlight pathways to harmonize stringent protection with rural revitalization, underscoring the capacity of PANs to bridge spatial and socio-institutional divides. This synthesis provides a transformative lens for policymakers to scale locally grounded solutions across global conservation landscapes.

… The devolution of planning, implementation, management, monitoring and evaluation of protected areas to villagers and low-income groups is a frontier that needs to be explored by …

1. Community-based conservation, despite being more inclusive than fortress conservation, has been criticized for being a top-down implementation of external ideas brought to local communities for conservation's benefit. This is particularly true for Changpas, the pastoral people of Changthang in trans-Himalayan India who live alongside unique wildlife. 2. Our main aim was to co-design conservation interventions through participatory action research. We worked with two Changpa communities, to understand the issues faced by them. Subsequently, we co-designed context-sensitive interventions to facilitate positive human– nature interactions. We did so by integrating the PARTNERS (Presence, Aptness, Respect, Transparency, Empathy,

… of local community participation in planning associated with ecotourism in protected areas in … Most participants from villages surrounding both protected areas explained that unfair …

… terrains of Country as part of a co-design methodology employed with Nukunu. It examines … co-design exercises of designing on Country to contribute to the preservation of Traditional …

Indigenous knowledge (IK) stands as an integral part of intangible cultural heritage, facing the impending threat of extinction amidst the dynamic shifts in the natural and social environment. This paper explores the holistic nature of knowledge, emphasizing its interconnection with humans and nature. Sarawak, as the largest state in Malaysia, with its diverse ethnic groups, serves as a rich repository of indigenous knowledge, yet grapples with challenges such as deforestation, lifestyle changes, and documentation issues. This study also highlighted how participatory design helps bridge the digital divide in projects involving indigenous communities such as the Iban, Kelabit, and Penan. It explores initiatives to co-design digital technologies to preserve indigenous knowledge. The research motivation stems from the need to extend participatory design practice to the Orang Ulu community, focusing on Indigenous Medicinal Knowledge (IMK). The paper then further delves into the current progress of the research, future plans, and key research questions. Two challenges in this research involve selecting appropriate technology for the IMK system and strategically implementing co-design to ensure its enriching and successful outcomes.

Against the backdrop of accelerating urbanisation in China, the urban-rural divide continues to widen, while cave dwellings along the Yellow River have been largely abandoned, facing the challenge of cultural erosion. This study breaks from conventional conservation approaches by empirically exploring the viability of living heritage in promoting sustainable rural revitalisation and integrated urban-rural development. Employing participatory action research, it engaged multiple stakeholders—including villagers, returning migrants, and urban designers—across 60 villages in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. This collaboration catalysed a “collective-centred” adaptive reuse model, generating multifaceted solutions. The case of Fangshan County’s transformation into a cultural ecosystem demonstrates how this model simultaneously fosters endogenous social cohesion, attracts tourism resources and investment, while disseminating traditional culture. Quantitative analysis using the Yao Dong Living Heritage Sensitivity Index (Y-LHSI) and Living Heritage Transmission Index (Y-LHI) indicates that the efficacy of collective action is a decisive factor, revealing an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic development and cultural preservation. The findings further propose that living heritage regeneration should be reconceptualised from a purely technical restoration task into a viable social design pathway fostering mutually beneficial urban-rural symbiosis. It presents a replicable “Yao Dong Solution” integrating cultural sustainability, community resilience, and inclusive economic development, offering insights for achieving sustainable development goals in similar contexts across China and globally.

ABSTRACT Agro-tourism is increasingly recognized as a powerful catalyst for cultural sustainability and rural revitalization. Within this context, edible landscapes agriculturally productive spaces infused with cultural meaning present unique opportunities to enhance tourist experiences while reinforcing local identity. Despite their potential, the role of landscape design in shaping co-created, meaningful food-tourism encounters remains insufficiently examined. This study addresses this gap through a participatory co-design approach, exploring how edible tourism landscapes can be collaboratively developed by local communities and visitors. Fieldwork was conducted in a culturally significant agricultural region in East Asia, combining semi-structured interviews, stakeholder workshops, and landscape prototyping. The results indicate that co-designed edible landscapes significantly enhance sensory engagement and foster a deeper tourist connection to local food heritage. Local residents reported a heightened sense of cultural pride and increased agency in shaping tourism narratives. Additionally, the physical transformation of the site yielded ecological benefits, including improved biodiversity and soil regeneration. By integrating landscape design with agro-tourism practices, edible tourism landscapes emerge as experiential, culturally embedded platforms for sustainable development. This research contributes a new framework for place-based tourism planning that centers community identity and fosters visitor empathy through co-creative processes.

The modernization of vernacular dwellings poses challenges in balancing traditional identity, spatial adaptability, and cultural sustainability. Focusing on the Yikeyin Traditional Dwelling in central Yunnan, China, this study employs Participatory Action Research (PAR) to explore how traditional features are recognized, transformed, and expressed in contemporary contexts. Through four iterative PAR cycles combining Co-Design, observation, and survey analysis, the study identifies key public evaluation factors—practicality, cost, and spatial adaptability—alongside concerns for locality and traditional recognizability. Three major challenges emerge: 1) maintaining cultural identity in modern design, 2) adapting traditional layouts to diverse spatial needs, and 3) addressing limited public understanding of architectural heritage. The study argues that effective transformation must integrate both tangible and intangible elements to ensure cultural continuity. It highlights the role of public participation in bridging tradition and innovation, contributing to the sustainable evolution of vernacular architecture.

… This co-design process integrated the traditional Achuar … , ecological, and vernacular methods. These charrettes resulted … previously dispersed Achuar settlement patterns into nucleated …

… The Tam Thanh village is a typical example and its … and are conserving many vernacular cultural values. Local … In steps 2 and 3, the authors used a model of “Co-Design” that is a …

The interactions between hazard exposure, social vulnerability, and physical vulnerability conditions cause major impacts during disasters. Infrastructure and housing problems are given more importance and considered as the root of many other concerns. As a self-disaster recovery approach, earthen construction techniques have gained greater acceptance due to the utilization of local materials, indigenous building practices that do not depend on highly skilled paid labour, and affordability. Earthen construction techniques are practiced globally, in various geographical conditions adapted to serve as site-specific hazard mitigation measures. This study utilized Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques, to examine the vernacular earthen practices of the Rajanga village of Dhenkanal District, Odisha State, India, and performed a qualitative analysis of its disaster resilience capacity. This village is located in a very high-damage risk zone for wind and cyclones. Findings suggest that PRA methods are effective in exploring construction practices and conducting a cause-issue-effect analysis after synthesizing various PRA inputs. Poor housing conditions in the village are due to a deterioration of various building elements and lack of hazard-resistant features increasing the vulnerability to disasters. In conclusion, PRA methods can be utilized as an effective tool for the exchange of knowledge between researchers and rural community members at large, for initiating a co-design process and conducting capacity building. Earthen construction methods have a greater potential for sustainable development, where it is engineered using traditional knowledge and new knowledge and incorporated with disaster-resilient features.