供应链数据治理研究：从通用数据场景到专用碳数据可信流通

随着国网陕西省电力有限公司供应链运营工作深入开展，供应链感知能力不断增强，供应链全过程海量数据全面汇聚。为了持续提升供应链运营质效，公司成立了数据治理专项团队，建立数据治理各项机制，制定数据治理流程规范，坚持问题闭环管理，通过“专项 + 常态”模式，稳步提升数据质量。

本文围绕数字化转型背景下平台型电商供应链协同机制展开，重点关注技术赋能与协同效能转化这一核心问题。依靠对相关文献进行综述，梳理数字化转型、供应链协同以及二者融合研究的现有状况与存在的局限，构建起“技术驱动–组织协同–价值共创”理论分析框架，在此基础上建立“线性逻辑模型 + 系统动力学模型”的整合数学模型。静态线性模型将数字化技术DT、协同机制CM、供应链绩效SCP作为核心要素，运用公式对三者之间的因果关系以及路径系数进行量化；动态系统动力学模型借助微分方程组，描绘数字化投入DI、信息共享IS等变量的正反馈循环以及演化规律。研究说明，协同效能的提升需要技术、组织、治理等多个维度的协同配合，同时识别出数据安全、系统集成、协同治理、动态适应这四类挑战对模型参数产生的负面影响，并从平台企业、供应链参与主体、政策与行业层面提出优化路径，为平台型电商供应链协同实践提供理论支持与决策指导，最后指明未来可借助数据校准、引入扰动项、纳入新兴技术等方向深入开展研究。

在全球贸易摩擦常态化与数字经济深入发展的背景下，电商供应链面临韧性不足与协同效率低下的双重挑战。本文构建了“技术–组织–生态”整合性分析框架，探讨数智融合如何重构电商供应链韧性并驱动其生态系统协同演进。研究发现，生成式AI预测、区块链溯源等技术通过提升信息透明度、优化智能决策与促进流程一体化，显著增强了供应链的抗风险与自适应能力；而“成本共担+收益共享”机制、全链路数据协同与多方演化博弈则推动了生态化、网络化的协同发展。针对跨境电商、国内电商与农村电商等不同场景，本研究提出了差异化的韧性重构路径。研究建议，企业应加强智能基础设施与数据治理能力建设，政府需完善政策引导与生态培育，共同构建高效、敏捷、可持续的智慧供应链生态系统。

本研究聚焦AI算法对直播电商供应链金融风险的传导机制，揭示了算法不可解释性引发的三种核心问题：风险控制失效、信息不对称加剧以及系统性风险累积。通过机制分析后发现，算法黑箱通过模糊决策逻辑、加剧数据垄断、放大目标冲突等途径，促使风险从局部传导至全局，形成网络化的系统性金融风险威胁。针对上述问题，研究提出系统性治理框架，包括构建可解释性算法、重构数据治理结构、实施跨平台协同监管，以增强透明度、优化验证机制并阻断风险传播。然而，研究依旧存在局限：治理策略的实证效果尚未得到验证，算法异质性对治理普适性的影响并未充分探讨，风险动态性与非线性的特征的模拟分析不足。未来需结合案例模拟与跨学科方法深化研究，为直播电商平台供应链金融的智能化治理提供更为全面的理论与实践支持。

物资标准化和主数据治理作为推动产业单位集中采购水平和物资全流程同质化管理的重要基础，是产业单位重点推动的工作。本文通过梳理产业单位主数据管理应用现状，分析存在问题，设计产业单位主数据治理思路，提出主数据治理重点举措，有利于推动产业单位物资主数据标准化治理，支撑电网高质量发展与产业升级，服务产业链供应链安全稳定、服务电网“一体四翼”发展布局。

数字经济时代，农产品供应链数字化转型成为加快农业强国建设、保障粮食安全与促进乡村振兴的核心路径。本文以供应链管理理论、技术嵌入理论及TOED (技术–组织–环境–数据)扩展框架为理论基础，系统性地探讨了农产品供应链数字化转型所涉及的理论内涵、现实条件以及当前面临的多重挑战。研究进一步从技术赋能、组织协同、市场驱动与制度保障四个维度，构建了一套全面推动该领域转型的路径体系。研究发现：农产品供应链数字化转型是战略驱动、技术驱动、内生驱动与市场驱动的多元合力结果，当前已形成数字基础设施逐步完善、产业应用初见成效的良好格局，但仍面临生产端技术适配不足、渠道端协同不畅、物流端信息断层与制度端保障缺失的四重瓶颈。通过强化数字技术深度嵌入、构建多元主体协同网络、完善全链条服务体系与健全制度保障机制，可有效破解转型难题，推动农产品供应链向绿色智能、高效协同的数字生态系统演进。

本研究从政策、市场、技术及社会文化四维视角系统解析绿色消费的驱动逻辑及其营销启示。研究发现：政策维度通过碳交易市场与绿色认证体系的制度协同，构建了绿色消费的基础保障；市场维度依托绿色供应链重构与碳标签制度融合，形成供需联动的低碳转型动能；技术维度借力碳足迹追踪与区块链溯源技术，实现全产业链碳管理的透明化升级；社会文化维度则通过代际环保认知差异与KOL示范效应，重塑消费主体的绿色价值取向。基于此，提出全生命周期碳管理产品创新、碳成本内化定价、供应链协同优化及可视化碳披露的整合营销策略。实证检验表明，多维策略协同可显著提升企业碳减排绩效。研究建议构建“政策规制–市场调节–社会协同”的三元治理框架，通过立法强制与经济激励的耦合机制，促进企业低碳转型与可持续发展的战略融合。研究结论通过理论支撑与实践范式的双重支撑，为政府构建绿色消费制度框架和企业实施低碳转型战略提供了决策参考与路径指引。

在全球生态友好型发展的大背景下，数字商务领域的可持续转型已成为关键性课题。本文着重研究标准规范体系在电商产业低碳化进程中的核心价值，系统分析国内外相关标准建设的进展与挑战。通过构建多层次、多维度的电商绿色发展标准框架，能够为产业链各环节提供可操作的实践指南，促进供应商与渠道商的环保协作，增强电商生态系统的环境承载力。研究证实，科学完善的标准化机制对推进产业低碳革新和实现全球气候治理目标具有战略价值。

在“双碳”目标与数字经济协同推进背景下，二手电商在促进资源再利用与拓展循环消费场景方面发挥着重要作用，但信任缺失已成为制约其高质量发展的关键瓶颈。从循环经济视角出发，梳理二手电商融入循环经济体系的内在机理，揭示交易主体多元化与信息不对称条件下信任机制面临的结构性困境，提出通过平台治理优化、数据赋能协同与价值共创导向的运营模式创新，推动信任机制制度化嵌入与运营体系系统重构，为二手电商实现可持续发展提供路径支撑。

在“双碳”目标与数字经济深度融合的背景下，人工智能正成为企业绿色转型的核心驱动力。本文关注人工智能技术赋能绿色转型的现实意义，聚焦人工智能对企业绿色转型的影响机制，探讨这一过程中潜在的风险挑战及治理对策。研究表明人工智能通过数据驱动的决策优化、生产流程智能化、供应链协同绿色管理以及认知重塑与战略重构四大机制，推动企业实现系统性绿色转型。通过深入分析苏宁易购与徕芬的实践案例，验证了人工智能助力企业绿色零售与智能制造的实践效果。基于此，本文从政府与企业双重视角出发，提出多层次、协同式的对策建议，为推动人工智能赋能企业绿色转型、促进可持续发展提供理论参考与实践指引。

现在各种领域，为企业实现采购模式创新提供了新的契机和平台。预示着生产经营企业直接开展电子商务活动已经是一个趋势主流，结合电力企业的业务需求和物资平类特点，探讨电力企业差别化电商模式分类解析，深入分析电力企业的物资电商化采购模式特点与驱动因素，实施差别化电商模式的全环节策略制定和执行方式分析，构建具有电力特色的物资电商化采购创新模式；实现电子商务产品服务提高电力物资质量管控和提升；实现集中采购与多样化需求、便捷化供应的动态平衡，提高采购效率效益及规范性。

数字技术成为引领能源技术及产业变革、实现创新驱动发展的源动力，能源行业加快向数字化、网络化和智能化转型，企业纷纷布局数字生态发展；国家电网作为电力行业的国有骨干企业，全面推进企业数字化转型，打造质控链生态圈数字服务平台，助力生态圈实现互利共赢。本文通过分析产品全生命周期相关理论，围绕电网质量数据产品特点，结合各方用户需求展开对电网质量数据产品全生命周期管理研究，实现数据产品价值创造，持续推动平台业务创收盈利。

本文通过对供应链控制塔相关理念与技术的研究，论述了供应链控制塔在电网物资质量方面和供应商管理方面起到的作用，一方面借助于供应链控制塔的可视化功能，对电网物资质量进行监督与管理，另一方面通过供应链控制塔所采集到的相关业务数据对供应商进行评价。

大数据驱动下供应链管理最大挑战是现有系统对大数据的整合。本文分析了供应链大数据整合与网络共享的必要性，对供应链领域数据的主要来源和内容进行了仔细的梳理，并对其大数据整合的方法进行了探讨，以期为大数据在供应链领域的应用提供参考。

为进一步推动物资质量专业数智化转型，实现物资质量监督管理“提效率、增效益、促效能”，现阶段开展物资质量监督体系优化提升研究至关重要。本文围绕物资质量监督全过程业务，结合专业理论分析，开展物资质量监督体系提升研究；针对目前质量监督业务面临的问题，明确质量监督体系优化提升的总体目标、关键驱动力及提升方向，保障入网物资质量，助力供应链数智转型升级。

电子商务是现代经济体系中不可缺失的部分，其不仅带来了大量的就业，也方便了人们的生活。随着电商市场竞争力度增强，供应链管理数字化转型成为众多电商企业发展面对的主要问题。数字化供应链管理的创新不仅是提升企业运营效率、改善客户体验、降低运营成本、增强供应链弹性的关键措施，也是保持企业竞争力的必然选择。研究围绕加大数据安全技术研究、采用标准化数据接口、建立供应商管理平台和分阶段逐步投资等策略，探讨了电商企业创新供应链管理模式的具体方案。希望研究建议能够提高电子商务企业的供应链管理水平，实现长期可持续发展。

随着我国电商平台的高速发展，拼多多凭借社交电商模式与供应链创新迅速崛起，但其供应链内部控制与风险管理在复杂业态下面临系统性挑战。本研究以ERP系统为切入点，系统剖析拼多多供应链管理中的结构性矛盾：在内部控制维度，平台存在组织架构权责失衡、风险评估机制碎片化、信息孤岛导致监督失效等突出问题，具体表现为采购决策与执行职能未分离、长尾商品需求预测滞后、跨部门数据标准不统一；在风险管理层面，现有ERP系统存在异构系统兼容性不足、动态模型适应性有限、风险预警实时性欠缺等技术瓶颈，难以应对跨境电商合规风险与突发性物流中断等新型威胁。研究提出了基于ERP系统的风险管理体系构建策略，通过构建多源数据整合平台实现供应链全链路数字化映射，运用机器学习算法建立风险量化模型，并设计智能合约驱动的分级响应机制。实践表明，通过ERP中枢系统的流程再造与区块链存证技术，可实现供应商信用评估、冷链物流监控等关键环节的穿透式管理，为电商平台突破“低价竞争陷阱”、构建韧性供应链提供理论支撑与实施路径。

在全球“双碳”发展目标和实施可持续发展的大环境下，跨境电商低碳转型有助于提升国际竞争力。本文基于网络治理理论系统性分析跨境电商低碳转型的困难与挑战，从低碳技术与成本、跨境电商企业内部意识、外部规则与碳核算体系等方面具体分析制约跨境电商低碳转型的因素，并提出基于企业–平台–政府三方协同治理的跨境电商低碳转型对策框架，从企业–平台–政府三个层面探讨三方的联合作用，注重企业自身的战略革新、平台的功能赋能、政府的作用保障之间的有机结合，促进跨境电商完成绿色高质量可持续转型。

碳排放的准确计量与分析是工业企业实现低碳转型的重要基础和前提条件。随着国家推进工业企业数字化转型和工业互联网技术的快速发展，工业领域与工业互联网相互融合，实现各企业、各行业、跨区域的数据信息共享与联通，为碳排放的准确计量和数据分析提供了新的思路和方法。本文首先介绍了工业互联网标识解析技术的基础概念、主流技术，然后对碳排放计量方法的研究现状进行了分析，最后提出了将工业互联网标识解析技术运用到工业生产碳排放计量中，以提升工业生产碳排放计量过程中所需计量数据的准确性以及数据之间的互联互通和共享共用。

本研究基于我国9省高能耗行业426家企业3497份问卷的实证调查，系统分析了高能耗企业在碳排放核算中的核心瓶颈与攻关方向。研究发现，当前企业面临的主要困境包括：碳核算专业人才短缺、技术设施落后、数据孤岛问题突出、低碳能源供应受限以及清洁能源应用不足。这些问题导致碳排放核算的精准性与效率低下，制约了企业的减排行动和碳市场交易的有效性。基于此，本文从标准统一、科技赋能、监管强化及行业联动四方面提出政策建议，旨在构建科学、高效、透明的碳核算体系，助力高能耗行业绿色转型，推动国家“双碳”目标的实现。

本文针对电网企业绿色数智供应链新的发展方向，明确建设绿色供应链，制定长期绿色发展战略及目标路径，绿色发展与供应链智能采购、数字物流与全景质控三大业务相互耦合，并联动产业链企业共建绿色生态，落实绿色减碳举措对供应链全链业务效能水平提升具有强力驱动作用。同时，通过夯实数据互联基础，改变传统单极发起的驱动模式，转变为以数据为核心要素的运营模式，并系统开展内部跨专业场景与外部跨企业场景的智能升级方案规划设计，更多业务场景与数字技术加速融合应用，为物资保供和应急保障、电网建设提供坚强支持。

In the context of “double carbon”, constructing green supply chains is the only way to implement sustainable development strategies in the manufacturing industry. This paper, therefore, examines the manufacturing supply chain for low-carbon products. More recently, the lack of technical information flow due to data barriers up and down the supply chain has led to high energy consumption, the serious waste of raw materials, and the substandard production of green products. Therefore, the level of supply chain data governance must be improved to enhance the sustainability of the supply chain. By studying blockchain-based data governance and government policy incentives for manufacturing supply chains, this study constructed an evolutionary game model based on prospect theory for the tripartite relation of government, manufacturers, and retailers. The difference between the perceived and actual value was introduced into a three-way evolutionary game model based on prospect theory to optimize the practical implications of the model. The model was then simulated using system dynamics. Through the simulation, it could be concluded that the ability of the three-way evolutionary game to reach the optimal stability point is only related to the sensitivity of the retailer’s perceived value. Additionally, the outcome of the three-way evolutionary game can be unstable, with changes in perceived value sensitivity. Finally, relevant policy recommendations are made. The innovation of this study is establishing a data governance platform that uses data governance to build green supply chains. Additionally, the government was added to the subjects of the game to explore the role of government policy in data governance and sustainable development. In addition, the evolutionary game model was incorporated with prospect theory and traditional expected utility theory, and the rational deficits and preferences of decision makers were taken into account, which brings the results closer to the reality of the situation.

Building on the use of digital technology in supply chain management, this paper integrates data governance service providers into the supply chain. Given the distinct nature of data governance services, the paper illustrated the learning effect curve and simulated their output function. Building on this, four different supply chain data governance models were proposed, namely, manufacturer single governance model, retailer single governance model, manufacturer and retailer independent governance model, and manufacturer and retailer collaborative governance model. Constructed the profit model for the supply chain within the relevant framework. By vertically comparing the optimal decisions and system performance across various models, the study concluded that the collaborative governance model maximizes supply chain profit and is more responsive to factors that enhance overall profitability.

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The present work serves to improve the stable cooperation relationship among subjects of supply chain such as enterprises, farmers, intermediary organizations, and retailers and enhance the governance and optimization of agricultural product supply chain, thus strengthening the competitiveness of China’s agricultural industry. The supply chain governance of agricultural products is taken as the research object. Initially, the stabilities of two supply chain organization modes, “company and farmer” and “company, intermediary organization and farmer,” are analyzed by static game analysis. Then, based on the above analysis and the characteristics of blockchain institutional technology, a detailed analyzation is made on the mechanism of supply chain of agricultural products governance based on blockchain technology. Finally, the functional framework of agricultural supply chain governance is designed based on the basic framework of blockchain technology, and analyzation is made on the trust mechanism and contract mechanism of agricultural supply chain governance based on blockchain technology. The research results show that problems such as information and cognitive constraints in agricultural supply chain governance cannot be completely solved only through the evolution of blockchain organizational structure and the supply of governance mechanism, and speculative behavior will still appear. Optimizing the governance of supply chain of agricultural products based on blockchain technology can realize the transformation of its governance scenario. Meanwhile, the blockchain technologies such as deintermediation, demistrust, and intelligent contract play an important role in the process of agricultural supply chain governance, which can make it change in many aspects such as organization mode, application operation, and governance mechanism. The rapid development of new generation information technologies such as blockchain, the Internet of Things, and computer technology makes it possible to comprehensively digitize economic activities such as production and transaction in the supply chain of agricultural products. The present work combines the technical logic of blockchain digital governance with the institutional logic of agricultural product supply chain governance and tries to solve the instability problems caused by imperfect organization, lack of trust, and incomplete contract in agricultural product supply chain governance with the characteristics of blockchain such as deintermediation, demistrust, and intelligent contract.

The Sustainable Apparel Coalition’s Facility Environmental Module (FEM) is one of the world’s most advanced “data-driven governance” initiatives. The FEM represents an important new strategy in the governance of Global Value Chains. This article reports on a multi-year study to evaluate how firms have implemented the FEM, and whether and under what conditions it leads to improvements in factory performance. It finds that while the FEM represents an important step in improving environmental measurement systems, the program currently acts like a “scale without a diet.” Companies are now better able to measure performance, but many have not implemented the mechanisms needed to motivate systematic improvements. This article offers recommendations for how to strengthen data-driven governance systems and explores their implications for managers.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the role that communication, trust and digital transformation can play in the relationship between joint problem-solving and supply chain resilience. More specifically, the authors try to examine the possibility of digital transformation as a replacement for trust within a joint problem-solving context. Design/methodology/approach A survey instrument was developed and administrated to manufacturing firms within the United Kingdom and the United States. Based on data collected from 291 senior managers, multiple linear regressions were conducted through a customized process model to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The results point to the actual impact of digital transformation being far more complicated than the initial benefits that it appears to bring within a supply chain. Thus, technology is only effective when applied within the right context. The authors showcase that the trio of digital transformation, trust and joint problem-solving can be highly valuable to establish supply chain resilience and that further investigation on the interrelationships between these concepts is warranted. Practical implications Manufacturing firms that aim to adopt new technologies should not consider advanced digital technologies as an alternative to trust. While digital transformation can improve resource sharing and integration, governance mechanisms–such as trust–will remain the cornerstones of strategic supplier relationships. Therefore, supply chain partners must strive to achieve a balance between trust and the right type of digital technology. Originality/value This study contributes to the growing literature focusing on the role that digital transformation can play in developing supply chain capabilities. It adds an early empirical insight on the role of technology and governance in joint problem-solving and supply chain resilience.

In the dynamic landscape of contemporary business, the wave in data and technological advancements has directed companies toward embracing data-driven decision-making processes. Despite the vast potential that data holds for strategic insights and operational efficiencies, substantial challenges arise in the form of data issues. Recognizing these obstacles, the imperative for effective data governance (DG) becomes increasingly apparent. This research endeavors to bridge the gap in DG research within the Operations and Supply Chain Management (OSCM) domain through a comprehensive literature review. Initially, we redefine DG through a synthesis of existing definitions, complemented by insights gained from DG practices. Subsequently, we delineate the constituent elements of DG. Building upon this foundation, we develop an analytical framework to scrutinize the collected literature from the perspectives of both OSCM and DG. Beyond a retrospective analysis, this study provides insights for future research directions. Moreover, this study also makes a valuable contribution to the industry, as the insights gained from the literature are directly applicable to real-world scenarios.

Problem definition: This paper provides a theoretical investigation into the value and design of a traceability-driven blockchain under different supply chain structures. Methodology/results: We use game theory to study the quality contracting equilibrium between one buyer and two suppliers and identify two fundamental functionalities of a traceability-driven blockchain. In serial supply chains, the ability to trace the sequential production process creates value by mitigating double moral hazard. In this case, traceability always improves product quality and all firms’ profits and naturally creates a win-win. In parallel supply chains, the ability to trace the product origin enables flexible product recall, which can reduce product quality. In this case, traceability can benefit the buyer while hurting the suppliers, creating an incentive conflict. Managerial implications: Firms operating in different kinds of supply chains could face unique challenges when they adopt and design a traceability-driven blockchain. First, in serial supply chains, any firm can be the initiator of the blockchain, whereas in parallel supply chains, it may be critical for the buyer to take the lead in initiating the blockchain and properly compensate the suppliers. Second, in serial supply chains, a restricted data permission policy where each supplier shares their own traceability data with the buyer but not with each other can improve the supply chain profit, whereas in parallel supply chains, it is never optimal to restrict a firm’s access to the traceability data. Third, the suppliers’ incentive to enhance the governance of data quality is more aligned with the supply chain optimum in serial supply chains compared with parallel supply chains. Funding: M. Hu was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grants RGPIN-2015-06757 and RGPIN-2021-04295]. J. Liu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72101110] and The MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences [Grant 20YJC630084]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1161 .

Purpose In this paper, the authors seek to contribute to the supply chain digitalisation literature by investigating a potential dark side of supply chain digitalisation from the viewpoint of the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) suppliers, namely digital capability asymmetry and the partner opportunism of more digitally capable large buyers against SME suppliers. The authors seek to contribute further to the governance literature by investigating the effectiveness of the governance mechanism (legal contracts and relational contracts) in suppressing partner opportunism of this nature. Design/methodology/approach Using survey data collected from 125 Korean SMEs, the authors employed a hierarchical regression method to test a set of hypotheses focussing on the dark side of supply chain digitalisation and the effectiveness of the governance mechanism. Findings The study’s findings suggest that supplier-perceived digital capability asymmetry, wherein a buyer has a superior digital capability than its SME supplier, increases the SME supplier's dependence on the more digitally capable buyer, with the result that it is more exposed to buyer opportunism. Moreover, the results suggest that only relational governance is effective in protecting SME suppliers from buyer opportunism of this nature. Originality/value So far, the overwhelming majority of supply chain digitalisation research has debated its “bright side”. On the contrary, from the resource dependence theory perspective, this paper explains its dark side by providing empirical evidence on (1) the links between supplier-perceived digital capability asymmetry and a buyer's opportunism through an increased supplier's dependence and (2) the effectiveness of different types of governance in opportunism suppression.

Purpose Digitalization encourages the manufacturer to engage in inter-organizational technological activities (i.e. supplier IT integration and supply visibility) with its major supplier, which influences supply chain (SC) governance. This study tests a moderated mediation model that considers supplier IT integration and supply visibility as mediators between supply-side digitalization and supplier opportunism, and relational ties as a moderator in the relationship between inter-organizational technological activities and supplier opportunism. Design/methodology/approach Ordinary least square (OLS) regression is used to examine data from 200 firms in China describing their supply chain management (SCM) practices and perceived relationships with their major suppliers. Findings Supply-side digitalization is positively related to supplier IT integration and supply visibility. Supply-side digitalization has a positive indirect effect on supplier opportunism through supplier IT integration but a negative indirect effect through supply visibility. Relational ties weaken the positive effect of supplier IT integration and the positive indirect effect of supply-side digitalization on supplier opportunism. Relational ties also weaken the negative effect of supply visibility and the negative indirect effect of supply-side digitalization on supplier opportunism. Originality/value This study enriches understanding of SC governance in the digital age by empirically confirming that digital transformation brings both challenges and opportunities to SC governance and by clarifying the interplay of relational governance and technological activities. In addition, this study contributes to the SC digitalization literature by empirically validating the role of digitalization in promoting inter-organizational technological activities, as well as by revealing its potential dark side.

To reduce carbon emission and enhance social development simultaneously, “Environmental, Social and Governance” (ESG) plays a significant role in supply chain management. The study collected 2,400 financial data and ESG performance of 200 companies from the Clean 200 list of global public companies from 2019 to 2021. It aimed to: 1) evaluate green supply chain performance based on financial indicators and corporate’s ESG performance; 2) use the entropy weight method (EWM) to determine the weight of ESG elements in green supply chain; 3) validate this ESG-based green supply chain performance using real world examples. The results showed that operational performance had the highest weight, followed by environmental performance, and profitability ranked the last. The results suggested that managers should focus more on the governance and environment rather than emphasizing short-term financial benefits. It contributes to the literature by incorporating ESG to evaluate green supply chain performance, which is the first of its kind. The results would be beneficial when people wish to select supply chain partners. They are also conducive to companies’ managers and listed companies when they submit financial reports that need to report ESG performance.

This article explores the role that technology plays in creating and fostering transparency in global supply chains. Transparency is deemed vital in the creation of sustainable and resilient supply chains and overall effective corporate governance. There are two distinct orientations toward the use of technology by multinational corporations (MNCs) in creating sustainability transparency within their global supply chains: control and relational. A control orientation views technology as a tool to gather the ever-increasing levels of sustainability data on supplier practices in an efficient, secure, and progressively automated manner. A relational orientation adopts a view where technology is a tool to help build social relations and improve dialogue and collaboration on sustainability throughout the supply chain. A key difference in the two orientations lies in the mindset of the MNC manager toward the development of supply chain sustainability transparency. The article illustrates the effective application of both approaches and offers advice to managers on the design choices they need to consider in choosing technologies.

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1. IntroductionThe new round of technological revolution drives the strong rise of emerging technologies, industrial digitalization has become an important engine of the fourth industrial revolution (Nar et al, 2020). In the digital era, the deconstruction and restructuring of the industrial system can catalyze the transformation and upgrading of the supply chain (Kaminski et al, 2017). At the same time, the ”digital infrastructure” with industrial Internet as the core has emerged, providing key support for the collaborative innovation of supply chain (Broo, Bravo-Haro & Schooling, 2022). Under the new development pattern, the digital transformation of supply chain has become an inevitable trend of a country’s economic development (Martens & Zscheischler, 2022). However, the supply chain market demand for data capacity and quality is not consistent with the state of the data, so supply chain data governance research is urgent.Compared with other industries, the traditional manufacturing supply chain has been exposed to many problems that need to be solved under the impact of digital transformation, such as numerous data calibers, obstructed data circulation, unclear data quality and hidden data security, due to the complicated and variable nodes and significant differences in operation modes (Reinartz & Wiegand, 2019). Modern supply chain organizations are paying more and more attention to data governance, and data governance around maximizing the release of data value is a necessary way to promote the value-added of supply chain and promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.However, data governance parties are still facing governance dilemmas such as slow progress, low layer of governance technology and inadequate governance system (Fothergill et al, 2019). Therefore, it is necessary to explore the underlying logic behind supply chain data governance and clarify the structural mechanism of supply chain data governance. These will not only help broaden the research ideas of supply chain data governance optimization, but also facilitate the overall process of data governance. Against this background, the aim of this study is to address the below-mentioned objectives.(1)To find out the composition of indexes for data governance in the supply chain environment.(2)To clarify the structural system of supply chain data governance optimization..(3)To propose the corresponding governance optimization paths to improve the effectiveness of data governance.Furthermore, Supply chain data governance optimization is a dynamic, stable and sustainable complex cycle system (Hazen et al, 2018). It formed by the interaction of governance subject, governance technology and governance environment with data as the core and the supply chain as the carrier (Li, 2017). In view of this, the study constructs the index system of supply chain data governance ecosystem from the perspective of information ecology. We focuses on the mechanism of action among indexes in different dimensions of supply chain data governance, and determines the importance degree of each index of supply chain data governance ecosystem by applying the fuzzy DEMATEL method, and then identifies the key indexes. On this basis, the structural levels of key indexes are divided by applying the ISM method to build a multi-layer recursive explanatory structural model of supply chain data governance optimization. The model reveals the optimization structure of supply chain data governance and proposes the corresponding optimization path of supply chain data governance.The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, the literature review is presented followed by Section 3 and its subsections which build a supply chain data governance ecosystem index system based on information ecology theory. Next, Section 4 presents the details of the fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM methodology and the stepwise approach that contains some steps. Thereafter, in Section 5, a multi-layer recursive explanatory structure model for supply chain data governance is proposed to analyze the governance structure in a hierarchical manner, and the data are presented in Tables 2–4, Tables A1-A3 and Fig. 2 is a explaination of the structure diagram. Section 6 proposes the corresponding optimization path followed by Section7, which concludes our study.

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Companies manage their product portfolios to create value. Products and associated materials are important flows that link supply chains entities from upstream to downstream. Product deletion is a critical decision in product portfolio management. Current product management literature has predominantly targeted product proliferation, growth, and extension. Product deletion research is relatively and severely limited. Product deletion decisions are less appealing to managers; often due to significant operational changes and disruptions deletion creates within the firm and along the supply chain. Quality information and data can support sound product deletion decision making. Blockchain technology is a valuable tool that can effectively address information governance challenges in supply chains. To this end, we theoretically position blockchain technology as a governance mechanism supporting supply chain relational governance using relational view theory. This paper provides insights into the practice of blockchain and product deletion within a supply chain context. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided as we seek to link supply chain-related product deletion decision processes within blockchain technology supported information governance. There are promising potentials in both fields, Additional research development is needed to effectively manage in this environment and has broader implications for product portfolio management in the supply chain.

In the modern agricultural landscape, realizing data’s full potential requires a unified infrastructure where stakeholders collaborate and share their data to gain insights and create business value. The agricultural data ecosystem (ADE) serves as a crucial socio-technical infrastructure, aggregating diverse data from various platforms and, thus, advertising sustainable agriculture and digitalization. Establishing trustworthy data sharing and exchange in agro-food value chains involves socioeconomic and technological elements addressed by the agricultural data space (ADS) and its trust principles. This paper outlines key challenges to data sharing in agro-food chains impeding ADE establishment based on the review of 27 studies in scientific literature. Challenges mainly arise from stakeholders’ mistrust in the data-sharing process, inadequate data access and use policies, and unclear data ownership agreements. In the ADE context, interoperability is a particularly challenging topic for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the system. Considering these challenges and data space principles and building blocks, we propose a set of design principles for ADS design and implementation that aim to mitigate the adverse impact of these challenges and facilitate agricultural data sharing and exchange.

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Accurate data and strategic business processes are crucial to all parties in a supply chain system. However, the absence of mutual trust can create a barrier to implementation. Several studies have shown that supply chains face challenges arising from a lack of trust with respect to the sharing of data. How well each party trusts the data they receive can have a profound influence on management decisions. Blockchain technology has been widely used to process cryptocurrency transactions. Recently, it has also proved to be effective in creating trust in the Internet of things (IoT) domain. Blockchain technology can facilitate mutual trust between parties who would otherwise have been doubtful of each other's data, allowing for more effective and secure sharing of data. However, if the blockchain is not IoT-optimized, companies can experience significant delays and the need for extensive computational capacity. Moreover, there are still some limitations regarding the consensus between the nodes in the traditional consensus approaches. Here, we propose an alternative approach to creating trust in supply chains with diverse IoT elements. Our streamlined trust model simplifies data sharing and reduces computational, storage, and latency requirements while increasing the security of the IoT-based supply chain management. We evaluate the suggested model using simulations and highlight its viability.

This paper proposes an evaluation mechanism of supply chain credit that integrates federated learning and block chain technology. In order to ensure the effective use of energy data, a set of credit evaluation index is designed for supply chain enterprises data and their energy data. Meanwhile, under the condition that data privacy is guaranteed, a federated learning algorithm is designed to improve the accuracy of federated learning training with the data of supply chain enterprises. Block chain and federated learning technology are integrated to assess credit. On the basis of ensuring data security, the credit evaluation results stored on the alliance chain are used for a second time, which not only ensures the interests of data requesters, but also ensures the risk control of external enterprises participating in supply chain finance.

Blockchain technologies can support traceability, transparency and trust among participants. This has primarily been explored in established supply chains and not in the growing use of business networks or ecosystems, which is a notable limitation since supply chains typically are organised with a dominant actor that ensures common information systems and standards that negate blockchain benefits. Hence, this study explores the design of a blockchain-based collaborative framework for resource sharing using smart contracts. These are particularly well-suited for supporting operations in broader networks or ecosystems beyond supply chains with established collaborations and hierarchies. Based on a systematic literature review, a demonstrator framework was developed for stakeholder interactions through a procurement and distribution unit backed with blockchain technology. The framework consists of (a) network architecture to demonstrate partner interactions; (b) rules for network working principles based on supply collaboration requirements; (c) UML diagram to define smart contract interaction sequence; and (d) algorithm for smart contract network verification and validation. Applicability of these smart contracts was verified by deployment on an Ethereum blockchain. The demonstrator framework ensures quality and data authenticity in supply networks, so it is useful for effective resource utilisation in networks where outsourcing and production surpluses are major issues.

The year 2020 has witnessed unprecedented levels of demand for COVID-19 medical equipment and supplies. However, most of today's systems, methods, and technologies leveraged for handling the forward supply chain of COVID-19 medical equipment and the waste that results from them after usage are inefficient. They fall short in providing traceability, reliability, operational transparency, security, and trust features. Also, they are centralized that can cause a single point of failure problem. In this paper, we propose a decentralized blockchain-based solution to automate forward supply chain processes for the COVID-19 medical equipment and enable information exchange among all the stakeholders involved in their waste management in a manner that is fully secure, transparent, traceable, and trustworthy. We integrate the Ethereum blockchain with decentralized storage of interplanetary file systems (IPFS) to securely fetch, store, and share the data related to the forward supply chain of COVID-19 medical equipment and their waste management. We develop algorithms to define interaction rules regarding COVID-19 waste handling and penalties to be imposed on the stakeholders in case of violations. We present system design along with its full implementation details. We evaluate the performance of the proposed solution using cost analysis to show its affordability. We present the security analysis to verify the reliability of the smart contracts, and discuss our solution from the generalization and applicability point of view. Furthermore, we outline the limitations of our solution in form of open challenges that can act as future research directions. We make our smart contracts code publicly available on GitHub.

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Aiming at the problems such as slow traceability efficiency, poor sharing, and the difficulty of matching the throughput of a blockchain single chain structure due to the complexity of the grain food supply chain links, the large number of participants, and the large amount of data information, this paper proposes a grain food blockchain traceability information management model based on the master-slave multichain structure by analyzing the processes and data characteristics of each link in the grain food supply chain; on this basis, the PLEW consensus algorithm based on Raft + improved PoW algorithm is designed for the master chain, and the CI-PBFT consensus algorithm based on trusted information degree is designed for the slave chain. The master chain and slave chain are anchored to each other through hash locking, and the data is uploaded and queried through smart contracts. In order to verify the effectiveness of the model, the blockchain traceability system is designed and implemented based on Hyperledger Fabric2.2. At the same time, it is compared with the transaction throughput and traceability efficiency of the blockchain single chain structure. Through the safety analysis of the data information of a company in Hubei, the results show that the grain traceability system designed and implemented in this study has certain advantages over the blockchain single chain structure in all aspects. It can also solve the grain food security problems that consumers worry about, and provide reference for the research of grain blockchain traceability information management.

There is a current wave of a new generation of digital solutions based on intelligent systems, hybrid digital twins and AI-driven optimization tools to assure quality in smart factories. Such digital solutions heavily depend on quality-related information within the supply chain business ecosystem to drive zero-waste value chains. To empower zero-waste value chain strategies with meaningful, reliable, and trustful data, there must be a solution for end-to-end industrial data traceability, trust, and security across multiple process chains or even inter-organizational supply chains. In this paper, we first present Product, Process, and Data quality services to drive zero-waste value chain strategies. Following this, we present the Trusted Framework (TF), which is a key enabler for the secure and effective sharing of quality-related information within the supply chain business ecosystem, and thus for quality optimization actions towards zero-defect manufacturing. The TF specification includes the data model and format of the Process/Product/Data (PPD) Quality Hallmark, the OpenAPI exposed to factory system and a comprehensive Identity Management layer, for secure horizontal- and vertical quality data integration. The PPD hallmark and the TF already address some of the industrial needs to have a trusted approach to share quality data between the different stakeholders of the production chain to empower zero-waste value chain strategies.

Accurate assessment of fish quality is difficult in practice due to the lack of trusted fish provenance and quality tracking information. Working with Sydney Fish Market (SFM), we develop a Blockchain-enabled fish provenance and quality tracking (BeFAQT) system. A multilayer Blockchain architecture based on attribute-based encryption (ABE) is proposed to tackle the privacy issue caused by applying Blockchain to secure supply chain data and achieve trusted and confidential data sharing among parties in fish supply chains. An Internet-of-Things (IoT) chain saves encrypted fish provenance and quality tracking data, and an ABE chain is specifically designed for the access control to the data in the IoT chain. Latest IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including NarrowBand-IoT, image processing, and biosensing, are developed for fish origin proof, supply chain tracking, and objective fish quality assessment. As proven by field trials with SFM and a local fish supply chain, the BeFAQT is able to provide trusted and comprehensive fish provenance and quality tracking information in real time.

The public’s health depends on a reliable drug supply chain. Recently, the number of drug counterfeit has increased drastically, resulting in thousands of victims suffering from poisoning and/or treatment failures, which have resulted in new expectations on drug supply chain traceability. Indeed, the drug supply chain involves many parties having heterogeneous interests and are usually reluctant to share traceability data with each other. Furthermore, existing traceability and provenance systems for drug supply chains suffer from separated data storage, lack of information sharing transparency, and trust. Decentralized blockchain-based solutions are advocated to address these limitations by realizing decentralized trustless systems. In this work, we present a fully decentralized, blockchain-based drug traceability solution, worthy of seamless integrating IoT devices throughout the chain. It uses both smart contracts and decentralized off-chain storage to remove the need for middleman and to provide trusted, secure and immutable transaction history. Moreover, to preserve the traceability of drugs, it ensures and enforces data provenance and data integrity in the proposed IoT environment by using blockchain Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). We give a test and validation of the approach’s effectiveness in enhancing drug traceability supply chains, as well as an analysis of the approach’s costs and security.

Pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) consists of multiple stakeholders including raw material suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, regulatory authorities, pharmacies, hospitals, and patients. The complexity of product and transaction flows in PSC requires an effective traceability system to determine the current and all previous product ownerships. In addition, digitizing track and trace process provides significant benefit for regulatory oversight and ensures product safety. Blockchain-based drug traceability offers a potential solution to create a distributed shared data platform for an immutable, trustworthy, accountable and transparent system in the PSC. In this paper, we present an overview of product traceability issues in the PSC and envisage how blockchain technology can provide effective provenance, track and trace solution to mitigate counterfeit medications. We propose two potential blockchain based decentralized architectures, Hyperledger Fabric and Besu to meet critical requirements for drug traceability such as privacy, trust, transparency, security, authorization and authentication, and scalability. We propose, discuss, and compare two potential blockchain architectures for drug traceability. We identify and discuss several open research challenges related to the application of blockchain technology for drug traceability. The proposed blockchain architectures provide a valuable roadmap for Health Informatics researchers to build and deploy an end-to-end solution for the pharmaceutical industry.

Multi-organization data sharing is becoming increasingly prevalent due to the interconnectivity of systems and the need for collaboration across organizations (e.g., exchange of data in a supply chain involving multiple upstream and downstream vendors). There are, however, data security concerns due to lack of trust between organizations that may be located in jurisdictions with varying security and privacy legislation and culture (also referred to as a zero trust environment). Hence, in such a zero trust setting, one should introduce strengthened, yet efficient, access control mechanisms to facilitate cross-organizational data access and exchange requests. Contemporary access control schemes generally focus on protecting a single objective rather than multiple parties, due to higher security costs. In this article, we propose a blockchain-based access control scheme, designed to facilitate lightweight data sharing among different organizations. Specifically, our approach utilizes the consortium blockchain to establish a trustworthy environment, in which a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model is then deployed using our proposed multi-signature protocol and smart contract methods. Evaluation of our proposed approach is performed on the HyperLedger Fabric consortium blockchain platform using both Caliper and BFT-SMaRT benchmarks, and the findings demonstrate the utility of our approach.

The Construction industry has a complex structure with multiple parties involved, which often leads to “adversarial relationships”, “risk avoidance”, and a “lack of trust” among the different actors. This culture is further compounded by a “linear workflow” that often results in low efficiency, delays, rework and unnecessary waste. Blockchain technology can help to mitigate these issues by creating a decentralised and transparent system, where all the actors can have access to a shared database, it allows tracking and monitors the different stages of the project, and even automate some processes increasing efficiency and reducing delays and rework. This study highlights the advantages of Blockchain technology, particularly how it can provide a single source of truth for project data while allowing multiple parties to access and share data in a secure and transparent way, improving the workflow of BIM projects and decreasing the likelihood of errors, mistakes, or fraudulent activities. The paper explores the integration of BIM and Blockchain across life cycle and supply chains based on the RIBA plan of work, with the objective to streamline collaboration while improving process efficiency and resource traceability in projects. The study proposes a roadmap performing a detailed literature survey for Blockchain adoption in the construction industry, and validated on a real-world Bridge project. Furthermore, this study is innovative since it examines the integration of BIM and Blockchain throughout the entire project lifecycle by simulating the smart contract implementation based on the RIBA plan of work, thus providing an in-depth examination of the potential benefits of this integration.

Abstract Although the circular economy is commonly used among industries in developing countries to achieve carbon neutrality targets, its impact on social sustainability must be clarified. Stakeholders (for instance, community stakeholders) have been observed to be unaware of the focal firm's circular supply chain activities. Because this gap has not been generally reflected in the literature, it is critical to perform an empirical study to bridge the gap between theory and practice. The goal of this research was to determine whether new technologies such as big data and predictive analytics might influence an organization's propensity to share information related to circular economy practices with stakeholders as well as to increase connectivity with those stakeholders in the Industry 4.0 era. We also investigated whether these actions could increase stakeholder trust and engagement and social sustainability as a result. We tested our theoretical model using samples from food supply chain firms in South Africa. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using WarpPLS 7.0 software. The findings show that firms that deploy big data and predictive analytics are more likely to share information related to the circular economy with stakeholders and that these firms are also well‐connected with those stakeholders, resulting in increased trust and engagement. This, in turn, contributes to the social sustainability of supply chains. Our research has made a significant contribution by encouraging a theoretical debate regarding the willingness to share information regarding the circular economy and the social sustainability of the supply chain.

The issue of food quality and safety is a major concern. Rice is considered one of the three staple foods. Rice quality and safety problems have occurred frequently, which seriously affect human health. The rice supply chain is characterized by complex links, discrete data, and numerous types of hazardous substances. Strengthening the information management and control capabilities of the rice supply chain is an important means to ensure the quality and safety of rice. Based on multi-chain collaboration, we have conducted research on information management and control of the rice supply chain. First, a multi-chain collaborative model of “blockchain + sub-chain” is designed. Based on this model, the following four mechanisms are designed: a trusted chain mechanism, a multi-level sub-chain encryption mechanism, a trusted supervision mechanism, and a hierarchical consensus mechanism. These mechanisms jointly serve the multi-chain collaborative management and control of the rice supply chain information. Secondly, smart contracts and operating procedures are designed, and a comparative analysis of them is executed. Finally, the design and implementation of the prototype system is carried out, and an example is verified and analyzed in a grain enterprise. Results show that this model serves the information supervision of the rice supply chain by studying the multi-chain collaboration. The study solves the real-time data interaction problem between each link of the rice supply chain. The credible management of information and control of the rice supply chain is accomplished. This study applies new information technology to the coordination and resource sharing of the food supply chain and provides ideas for the digital transformation of the food industry.

Abstract The paper explores the process of trust‐building between SMEs' supply chain partners in turbulent times in emerging economies. It focuses on the role of environmental information exchange in strengthening relationships and improving responsiveness to overcome uncertainty while understanding and adapting to the changing environmental realities. A case study strategy of an SME in Argentina was conducted to obtain insights regarding the experiences, perceptions and opinions about how achieving trust acts as an instrument of partners' support during an uncertain time. A series of semi‐structured interviews were conducted in Argentina and China to collect empirical data. Data were analyzed to understand partners' mutual support and the emergence of trust. The importance of supply chain partnership is that partners go to the market together, meaning that there are more opportunities to benefit from for each partner. The results demonstrate that it is incorrect to assume that an SME can prosper alone in an unknown landscape. However, because of their responsiveness and experience in operating in a turbulent working environment, decision‐makers rapidly develop skills to adapt to uncertainty. Information sharing is at the core of establishing successful long‐term relationships, overcoming uncertainties while transforming them into opportunities.

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The grain and oil food supply chain has a complex structure, long turnover cycles, and many stakeholders, so it is challenging to maintain the security of this supply chain. A reliable traceability system for the whole grain and oil food supply chain will help to improve the quality and safety of these products, thus enhancing people's living standards. Driven by the trusted blockchain and trusted identity concepts, this paper constructs an information traceability model for the whole grain and oil food supply chain, and it describes how contract implementation and example verification are performed. First, an information traceability model framework of the whole grain and oil food supply chain is established based on the survey and analysis of the grain and oil food supply chain. Second, trusted identification, blockchain master-slave multi-chain storage, and trusted traceability mechanisms are designed. The trusted identification mechanism is used to track the data information of the whole grain and oil food supply chain. The blockchain master-slave multi-chain storage solves the problem of miscellaneous information caused by many links in the whole grain and oil supply chain, while the credible traceability mechanism ensures the credibility of information collection, storage, and transmission. Finally, based on the data flow, the model operation process is analyzed. Using the information traceability model, the grain and oil food trusted traceability system is designed and developed with the Hyperledger Fabric open-source framework, and a case study is conducted to verify the system. The results show that the model and system constructed in this study solve the problems of low data security and poor sharing, which exist widely in the traditional traceability mechanism, and enable the trusted uplink, storage, processing, and traceability of multi-source heterogeneous information in the lifecycle of the whole grain and oil food supply chain. The proposed system improves the granularity and accuracy of grain and oil food traceability, and provides support for the strategic security of grain stock.

Purpose The advantages of blockchain technology are being widely discussed by academics, the business community and government, because blockchain can promote data sharing, optimise business processes, reduce operation costs, improve collaborative efficiency and build credible systems. The supply chain is becoming a key area for the application of blockchain technology. However, few studies have discussed the effect of such emerging technologies on the supply chain in depth. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse how blockchain empowers supply chain and promotes supply chain management. Design/methodology/approach Based on a review of relevant literature and blockchain applications in practice, this paper analyses the development and research status of blockchain technologies. In addition, considering the different operational processes within the supply chain, the authors discuss the opportunities and challenges of blockchain technologies, such as the transparency of supply, intelligent manufacturing, the security of logistics, the platformisation of sales and the ecology of governance. Findings The authors find that information sharing, information traceability and trust establishment are the key categories of research achievements and applications of supply chain management. The central issues for blockchain researchers are the authenticity of transaction data, the traceability of long supply chains and the establishment of trust for all participants. Originality/value From the practical and theoretical perspectives, this paper shows the development of blockchain technologies to clarify the challenges, opportunities and prospects. This paper elucidates and facilitates the development of emerging interdisciplinary research and the practice of supply chain.

The real-world use cases of blockchain technology, such as faster cross-border payments, identity management, smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, and supply chain–blockchain technology are here to stay and have become the next innovation, just like the Internet. There have been attempts to formulate digital money, but they have not been successful due to security and trust issues. However, blockchain needs no central authority, and its operations are controlled by the people who use it. Furthermore, it cannot be altered or forged, resulting in massive market hype and demand. Blockchain has moved past cryptocurrency and discovered implementations in other real-life applications; this is where we can expect blockchain technology to be simplified and not remain a complex concept. Blockchain technology’s desirable characteristics are decentralization, integrity, immutability, verification, fault tolerance, anonymity, audibility, and transparency. We first conduct a thorough analysis of blockchain technology in this paper, paying particular attention to its evolution, applications and benefits, the specifics of cryptography in terms of public key cryptography, and the challenges of blockchain in distributed transaction ledgers, as well as the extensive list of blockchain applications in the financial transaction system. This paper presents a detailed review of blockchain technology, the critical challenges faced, and its applications in different fields. Blockchain in the transaction system is explained in detail with a summary of different cryptocurrencies. Some of the suggested solutions are given in the overall study of the paper.