跨境电商

The pandemic and its restrictions have forced businesses to rethink their strategies and daily operations. The originality of this research lies in assessing the unique challenges cross-border e-commerce Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) faced during the pandemic and the strategies they developed to survive. This study also explores the novel practices that emerged during the same period and the digital transformation of these SMEs. Data were gathered through interviews, observation, and questionnaires from 104 cross-border e-commerce SMEs based in China. The study used thematic analysis and descriptive statistics to interpret data. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) was also used to obtain insights into the configurations of resilience strategies leading to SMEs’ digital transformation. Findings show that cross-border e-commerce SMEs suffered financially during the pandemic. In addition, they faced marketing, logistics, and supply chain challenges. However, they developed various strategies to cope with those challenges and survive in a period of uncertainty. This research suggests a new business model of cross-border e-commerce based on SMEs’ novel practices and configuration strategies to obtain digital transformation. Cross-border e-commerce SMEs should upgrade their marketing, financial, supply chain, and logistics strategies based on the findings of this study. They should leverage technology, diversify their supply chain, adopt online marketing strategies, focus on customer service, optimize their cash flow, and explore new markets.

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As globalization deepens and the digital economy rapidly develops, cross-border e-commerce, especially live-streaming e-commerce, has emerged as a significant driver of international trade growth. However, the highly unpredictable sales demand in this sector and external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit have posed significant challenges in accurately forecasting sales within the UK live-streaming e-commerce market. To address these challenges, we propose a novel sales forecasting framework utilizing the Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) model. Our multimodal approach integrates diverse time series data, including historical sales, key opinion leader (KOL) influence, and seasonal patterns. The Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) model demonstrated consistently lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Squared Error (MSE) across all forecasting horizons compared to other machine learning approaches, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Gated Recurrent Unit(GPU)-accelerated architectures. Furthermore, it exhibited significantly superior performance over traditional time-series methods such as the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. This research proposes a phased framework for short-term, medium-term, and long-term forecasting, providing a fresh perspective for product forecasting studies and offering significant theoretical support for cross-border e-commerce enterprises in product life cycle management.

In the context of the continuous development of Internet technology and international logistics, the impact of cross-border e-commerce is expanding. Cross-border e-commerce transactions are characterized by a wide variety of products, low prices, and short procurement times. As a result, consumers are increasingly intention to shop on cross-border e-commerce platforms. The number of consumers placing orders is also increasing. Simultaneously, consumer perception, trust and attitude play crucial roles in influencing consumers' shopping behavior on cross-border e-commerce platforms. This study employs structural equation and intermediary effect analysis to explore the mechanism through which various factors influence consumers' purchase intention. The authors examine the relationship between five components: consumer perception, trust, attitude, and purchase intention. The findings reveal the following: (1) The improvement of consumers' perceived value and subjective display intention positively influences their purchase intention. Conversely, a decrease in these factors hampers consumers' intention to buy. (2) When the level of shopping risk increases, consumers' purchase intention tends to decrease. Conversely, when the risk of shopping is reduced, consumers' intention to buy shows an increase. (3) Consumer trust and attitude play a significant mediating role in the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. This study lays an important theoretical foundation for future research in this field. It expands the application scenarios of related research methods. Additionally, the conclusions of this study provide valuable references for managers of cross-border e-commerce enterprises in making informed management decisions.

The digital trade ecosystem’s development relies on the growth of cross-border e-commerce platforms. To ensure the continued growth of China’s digital trade, it is crucial to consider the service capabilities of digital platforms and the digital transformation capabilities of cross-border e-commerce firms. This study explores the impact of these factors on the performance of cross-border e-commerce companies, with digital transformation capability acting as a mediator. Empirical research reveals that the service capability of digital platforms is composed of supply chain communication and cost control abilities, which partially mediate the relationship between digital platform serviceability and cross-border e-commerce enterprise performance. Moreover, both the service capabilities of digital platforms and the digital transformation capabilities of cross-border e-commerce companies have a positive and significant impact on enterprise performance.

Cross-border e-commerce is a pivotal component of the digital economy, serving as a crucial gauge for regional competitiveness in digital transformation and international trade. This study employs the Groundings-Enterprises-Markets (GEM) model, factor analysis, and the entropy weight method to evaluate the regional competitiveness of cross-border e-commerce in China. Analyzing data from 2018 to 2021 across 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, the research assesses competitiveness through basic, enterprise, and market factors. Findings reveal annual improvement in China’s overall cross-border e-commerce competitiveness, yet notable regional disparities persist, with the east outpacing the west. Guangdong Province emerges as a key player and leader when the regions are classified into three tiers. Key factors influencing competitiveness include the digital economy development index, the number of cross-border e-commerce pilot zones, R&D expenditures, cross-border enterprise competitiveness, and core enterprise scale. The study concludes with policy recommendations, emphasizing digital reform, logistics efficiency enhancement, and the promotion of digital technologies.

The utilization of digital technologies is rapidly increasing businesses’ capacities for innovation and growth, especially in the case of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with strong benefits in efficiency, competitiveness, and market reach. We aimed to study the impact of digital technologies on cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) in Italian SMEs, with regard to three main ICT areas: e-business, e-marketing, and e-commerce. Using a regression analysis, the study found that e-business tools have an unclear impact on cross-border e-commerce, while e-marketing tools, such as data tracking for medium-sized enterprises and social media for all SMEs, have a positive and significant impact on the online export performance. Finally, we examined the impact of being present on a marketplace rather than having a proprietary e-commerce website, and we found that having a presence on marketplaces such as Amazon or Alibaba is more effective than having a proprietary e-commerce website in terms of cross-border online sales. These results are useful both for policy makers and managers, since making informed decisions to develop SMEs is crucial for industrial strategy effectiveness.

Given that “cross-border e-commerce + live streaming” has become an important driver of global trade but limited attention has been paid to this area, this study examines the impacts of live streaming features on the consumers’ cross-border purchase intention from the perspectives of consumers’ overall perceived value and overall perceived uncertainty based on the SOR theory. In addition, through investigating the moderating effects of saving money, this study reveals the impacts of amazing bargains in live streaming commerce. A total of 272 samples were collected by a questionnaire survey to test the proposed research model. The results show that live streaming features significantly increase consumers’ overall perceived value and purchase intention, and significantly reduce consumers’ overall perceived uncertainty; in addition, saving money further increases the impact of live streaming features on consumers’ overall perceived value. This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for cross-border e-commerce platforms and merchants to effectively leverage live streaming to influence consumers’ perception and purchase intention.

ABSTRACT Cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) has accelerated the globalization of enterprises and enabled them to reach consumers worldwide. To meet the needs of consumers in different markets, CBEC platforms and enterprises must adopt differentiated strategies across regional markets by analyzing consumer behavior patterns and potential demand. Based on the cross-cultural theory, this study investigates consumer preferences in CBEC. A text mining analysis of 513,338 consumer reviews on the AliExpress platform was used to explore the cultural differences in consumer reviews and satisfaction. The U.S. (i.e. individualism) and Russia (i.e. collectivism) were selected for the cross-cultural study. The study found that individualistic consumers focused more on services and logistics while they paid less attention to products. In terms of satisfaction, U.S. consumers are more satisfied with logistics, while Russian consumers are more satisfied with products and services. The findings could help CBEC platforms and enterprises satisfy diverse market demands and improve consumer satisfaction.

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Consumer purchase intention in cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) has received significant attention in international marketing. However, little research has investigated consumer purchase intention toward smaller resource-constrained retailers who develop country-specific websites, also labeled as partial online interna-tionalization (POI) retailers in CBEC. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Commitment-Trust Theory (CTT) are the most influential theories explaining online purchase intention, yet few studies have integrated them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to integrate the TAM and CTT to shed light on consumer purchase intention toward POI-retailers in CBEC. Based on 364 respondents visiting a real-life POI-retailer ’ s country-specific website and answering a questionnaire, findings reveal that perceived usefulness, ease of use, and trust do not significantly impact purchase intention. Instead, perceived usefulness and ease of use need to be mediated by both trust and commitment, while trust needs to be mediated by commitment to affect purchase intention. This suggests that the path to consumer purchase intention toward POI-retailers differs from the findings of previous studies based on TAM and CTT.

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With the rapid advancement of information technology and the increasing maturity of online shopping platforms, cross-border shopping has experienced rapid growth. Online consumer reviews, as an essential part of the online shopping process, have become a vital way for merchants to obtain user feedback and gain insights into market demands. The research employs Python tools (Jupyter Notebook 7.0.8) to analyze the 14,078 pieces of review text data from the top four best-selling products in a certain product category on a certain cross-border e-commerce platform. By applying social network analysis, constructing LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic models, and establishing LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) sentiment classification models, the topics and sentiment distribution of the review set are obtained, and the evolution trends of topics and sentiments are analyzed according to different periods. The research finds that in the overall review set, consumers’ focus is concentrated on five aspects: functional features, quality and cost-effectiveness, usage effectiveness, post-purchase support, and design and assembly. In terms of changes in review sentiments, the negative proportion of the topics of functional features and usage effects is still relatively high. Given the above, this study integrates the 4P and 4C theories to propose strategies for enhancing the marketing capabilities of cross-border e-commerce in the context of digital cross-border operations, providing theoretical and practical marketing insights for cross-border e-commerce enterprises.

Trust from sellers is essential for the success of cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) platforms, and effective platform governance plays a crucial role in shaping and maintaining this trust. However, institutional distance can lead to deviations in sellers’ understanding and implementation of platform governance mechanisms, posing a threat to the establishment of trust relationships. Research on the impact of platform governance mechanisms on trust from the seller’s perspective is still relatively limited. Therefore, we aim to investigate the mechanisms through which formal governance mechanisms (normative, supervisory, and reward–punishment mechanisms) and relational governance mechanisms (community building) influence seller trust, and we examine the moderating effect of institutional distance. Through empirical analysis of 391 valid questionnaires, our results show that normative mechanisms and community building enhance seller trust by reducing their perceived risks, while the supervisory mechanism and reward–punishment mechanism directly affect seller-perceived risks and platform trust. Institutional distance negatively moderates the governance effectiveness of these mechanisms. Our findings offer significant theoretical contributions by advancing the understanding of seller behavior, extending platform governance and trust theory in CBEC research field, and enriching institutional distance frameworks, while providing practical insights for platforms to optimize governance mechanisms to foster seller trust.

Abstract Blockchain technology provides us a new tool to solve the product traceability problem in supply chain management. This research focuses on the cross-border e-commerce context, to propose a blockchain-based framework, and develop a set of corresponding techniques and methods for achieving traceable products and transactions in supply chain management. A general blockchain-based product traceability framework is introduced. This framework is based on a cross-border e-commerce supply chain context, incorporating a series of blockchain-based models, including multi-chain structure model, data management model and block structure model. Several core methods and algorithms are also developed, such as information anchoring method, key distribution method, information encryption algorithm and anti-counterfeiting method. The framework, models and methods form a complete and comprehensive solution, which are evaluated by applying to several typical problems and attack cases. The case analysis results show that the framework, models and methods can successfully deal with key recover problem, and protect against clone attack, counterfeit tag attack and counterfeit product attack. The effectiveness, extendibility, security, implementation and governance issues of applying these solutions are also discussed. This research contributes to the theoretical and practical literatures on blockchain technology, cross-border e-commerce and supply chain management research fields.

Abstract This study examined the relationship between six logistics service quality (LSQ) dimensions (timeliness, return service, condition quality, personal communication, information quality, and price fairness) and customer behavior in cross-border e-commerce (CBEC), with low-carbon logistics as a moderating variable. Data from 387 Thai consumers were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Three LSQ dimensions significantly affected customer satisfaction: price fairness (β = 0.296, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.098), personal communication quality (β = 0.256, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.069), and shipping information quality (β = 0.166, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.032). Customer satisfaction strongly influenced repurchase intention (β = 0.588, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.431) and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) (β = 0.422, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.228), while low-carbon logistics did not moderate these relationships (β = -0.055, p > 0.05, f2 = 0.012; β = -0.017, p > 0.05, f2 = 0.001). The model explained substantial variance in customer satisfaction (R2 = 0.607), repurchase intention (R2 = 0.494), and eWOM (R2 = 0.506). These findings suggest that CBEC platforms should prioritize transparent pricing, enhance customer communication, and improve shipping information systems. Our research challenges traditional LSQ frameworks in cross-border contexts and provides actionable insights for CBEC platforms in developing markets.

Enhancing digital connectivity, advancing cross-border e-commerce (CE), and optimizing logistics performance (LP) are fundamental pillars for boosting trade flows between trading partners. However, the multifaceted impacts of digitalization, CE, and LP on China–Africa (C-A) trade remain underexplored. Therefore, employing the gravity model, this study examines the impacts of digitalization, CE, and LP on C-A trade using data on Chinese trade flow to 53 African countries from 2007 to 2023. Further analysis is conducted by accounting for African countries’ income, population, resources, and institutional heterogeneity. We also control for the impact of digitalization and logistics performance distance between China and African countries on C-A trade. The findings provide evidence that the digitalization of African countries and China significantly enhances C-A trade. Moreover, CE and LP improvements in China positively affect C-A trade, revealing that promoting the sustainable development of CE and LP can lead to increased trade integration between China and African countries. Furthermore, the effects of digitalization, CE, and LP on C-A trade are influenced by heterogeneity in the income level, population size, and institutional performance of African countries, revealing more beneficial effects in middle-income countries, more populated countries, and countries with better institutional quality. Policy suggestions are forwarded based on the findings.

Against the backdrop of the global cross-border e-commerce market’s rapid expansion—with transactions projected to reach $2.5 trillion by 2025 (UNCTAD, 2023)—the U.S. Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) system, which processes over 95% of U.S. import declarations, has become a critical regulatory barrier for enterprises entering the U.S. market. This study systematically identifies four core compliance risks faced by cross-border e-commerce enterprises when interfacing with the ACE system: data timeliness risk, coding accuracy risk, traceability risk, and privacy protection risk. By integrating the technical practice of Beijing Mint Information Consulting Co., Ltd.’s “Cross-Border Trade Express” system, a three-tiered integration architecture (interface layer-data layer-application layer) is proposed, and targeted technical solutions are developed for each risk dimension. Empirical validation through 12 enterprise cases (8 successful, 4 failed) shows that: (1) The three-tiered architecture reduces data transmission latency by 83.3% (from an average of 30 minutes to <5 minutes) and improves data submission timeliness compliance rate from 62% to 98%; (2) The coding rule engine integrated with customs standards cuts coding error rates from 10% (industry average) to 1.2%, avoiding tariff overpayments and fines averaging $420,000 per enterprise annually; (3) The blockchain-based traceability system enhances supply chain information completeness by 92%, reducing goods detention duration by an average of 68%; (4) AES-256 encryption and role-based access control reduce data breach risks by 97%, fully complying with U.S. Privacy Act requirements. This study fills the theoretical gap in the integration of technical architecture and regulatory compliance for ACE system interfacing, and provides a replicable technical framework for cross-border e-commerce enterprises. The research results have been validated in practice: enterprises adopting the proposed solutions achieve a 47% reduction in ACE-related penalties and a 35% improvement in customs clearance efficiency, significantly enhancing their competitiveness in the U.S. market.

With the development of Internet technology and modern supply chains, cross‐border e‐commerce (CBEC) has become one of the most important forms of international trade. The impact of this new mode of trade on economic growth and income disparity is worthy of further examination. This study treats the CBEC pilot zone policy as a quasi‐natural experiment, using the difference‐in‐differences approach to examine its impact on the urban–rural income gap. The findings showed that: (1) This policy significantly widened the urban–rural income gap; (2) innovation, entrepreneurship, and export are important paths toward expanding the impact of the CBEC pilot policy on the income gap, but the digital environment suppresses these expanding paths; and (3) the impact of this policy on the income gap shows distinct regional heterogeneity. This study provides several recommendations on how to promote balanced incomes.

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The expansion of the e-commerce sector beyond international boundaries has opened up new opportunities in international business. The first and most important problem for international e-commerce businesses is choosing the right products to sell. Scientific product selection is important not only for the smooth running of international e-commerce businesses, but also for the growth and development of thriving private labels. With development for Internet and rapid rise of e-commerce platforms, online shopping has become mainstream. While consumers are deeply involved, a large number of user comments appear on the Internet, and these online shopping comments often contain a lot of valuable information. Cross-border e-commerce can get useful suggestions and feedback about products through sentiment analysis of these texts. This can also find product problems, improve where they are not in place, and improve operational efficiency. This work studies the selection strategy of cross-border e-commerce products assisted by artificial intelligence technology. This paper uses artificial intelligence technology to conduct sentiment analysis of product reviews, which can help cross-border e-commerce companies make effective product selection. This work proposes CNN-BiGRU-ATT for sentiment polarity analysis of product reviews. First, the multi-channel convolutional neural network is utilized to extract local feature of different granularities. Then connect BiGRU for context sequence learning to memorize long-distance dependency information. This method not only solves the problem that CNN cannot perform context sequence learning, but also solves issue of gradient disappearance or explosion. Finally, attention is introduced after the BiGRU hidden layer to filter the important features.

: With the rapid development of globalisation and e-commerce, cross-border e-commerce platforms are facing the challenge of improving user experience and recommendation system efficiency while meeting the diverse needs of consumers. Traditional recommendation systems rely heavily on users’ historical behaviour and simple rating data. However, these methods often face problems such as data sparsity and single recommendation results in practical applications. Therefore, this article proposes a hybrid collaborative recommendation method for cross-border e-commerce products based on multidimensional evaluation, which fully utilises users’ multidimensional evaluation information of products to address the complexity of cross-border e-commerce. Then, the system framework and algorithm flow were presented. Finally, the improved algorithm proposed in this paper was experimentally analysed using a cross-border e-commerce enterprise order dataset. Compared with traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms, it reduced the impact of data sparsity in collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms and verified that the improved algorithm has better recommendation performance.

In the era of digital economy, trade data and goods transaction data in the field of international trade have become increasingly important. In the digital era, the transfer of international trade-related data from the physical world to the digital world through the application of advanced Blockchain Technology (BT) is an important means to promote the development of international trade in the digital era. This paper aimed to analyze Cross-Border E-Commerce (CBEC) economic and trade Data Management (DM) devices based on BT. This paper discussed the application of blockchain in CBEC trade, and proposed a blockchain security algorithm. Based on this, an experimental analysis of CBEC economy and trade DM was carried out. The experimental results of this paper showed that in the logistics costs of CBEC companies, the logistics costs of CBEC companies under the trade DM device based on BT accounted for 20%-30% of the total costs. The logistics cost of CBEC companies under the trade DM device based on traditional technology accounted for 30%-40% of the total cost; in the comparison of the favorable rate of CBEC companies’ products, the favorable rate of Company A’s products under the trade DM device based on BT was 98.2%, and that of Company B was 98.6%. Under the trade DM device based on traditional technology, the favorable rate of Company C’s products was 90.8%, and that of Company D was 91.1%. To sum up, based on the BT trade DM, the company’s logistics costs would be greatly reduced and its product quality control was in place.

Purpose Exporters are increasingly using business-to-business (B2B) cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) through third-party platforms as a foreign market entry mode. B2B CBEC platforms resemble online trade shows and aim to facilitate the establishment of relationships between sellers and foreign buyers (e.g. distributors, importers and original equipment manufacturers) to promote repeated exchanges. However, how international buyer−seller relationships are established through such platforms remains unclear. This study aims to draw on the new open resource, linkage and integration (OLI) advantages theory to develop a model for exporters to successfully use CBEC platforms. Design/methodology/approach This study was based on a longitudinal analysis of five Italian firms from the food and beverage industry using Alibaba.com to establish relationships with foreign distributors and professional food service buyers. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data. Findings The analysis resulted in a model explaining how exporters engage in co-creation processes with CBEC platforms’ ecosystems to transform the generic new OLI advantages enabled by B2B CBEC platforms into firm-specific advantages that drive the establishment of relationships with international buyers. Research limitations/implications The cases considered in this study are linked to the food and beverage industry. The buying and selling cycles vary from industry to industry, resulting in the need for varying balances between in-platform and out-of-platform buyer interactions. Practical implications The model developed in this study can be readily implemented by firms using CBEC platforms. The model indicates the need to approach CBEC platform use with appropriate expectations and after assessing organizational readiness. It also emphasizes the need for exporters to adopt proactive behaviors through engagement activities, continuous learning and self-adjustment. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to develop a comprehensive model outlining how exporters can use B2B CBEC platforms to establish stable relationships with foreign buyers.

Purpose Cross-border e-commerce live streaming morphs into an epidemic shopping scenario, yet there is a paucity of research on impulse purchasing in this context. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the adoption motivation of cross-border e-commerce live streaming and its influence mechanism on intrinsic response and purchase impulse and to highlight the mediating role of browsing behavior. Design/methodology/approach Based on the use and gratification lens, a new conceptualization model is established to captivate the theoretical relationships between perceived stimuli, individual attitudes, browsing behavior and impulsive purchases. A questionnaire survey was used to collect cross-sectional data from 427 Malaysian consumers and the estimated framework was validated through AMOS-structural equation modeling technique. Findings The findings confirm that perceived interactivity, perceived information usefulness and perceived enjoyment significantly influenced positive attitudes toward live-streaming, which in turn induced impulsive purchases; however, perceived affective gratification did not stimulate positive attitudes. Consumers’ utilitarian browsing had a stronger effect on impulse purchases than hedonic browsing and utilitarian browsing behavior mediated the relationship between positive attitudes and impulse buying; however, hedonic browsing had neither a direct nor a mediating effect on impulsive purchases. Practical implications This research enhances the literature on the impact of cross-border e-commerce live streaming, an emerging technology, on consumer behavior and offers managerial implications for e-commerce practitioners to gain insights into consumer impulse purchasing behavior. Originality/value The findings revamp conventional knowledge and provide new angles for understanding the formation mechanisms of impulse purchases, motivations for virtual media use and browsing behavior mediating effects in the context of live streaming.

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With the expansion of communication technologies and their impact on trade patterns, e-commerce strategies have also undergone significant changes. Adapting to these changes necessitates the utilization of artificial intelligence techniques to automate a wide range of processes and further develop e-commerce. This article employs a combination of machine learning techniques and multi-objective optimization to enhance the supply chain performance in Cross-Border E-Commerce (CBEC). To achieve this, a framework for intelligent CBEC based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology is proposed. By deploying machine learning models within this framework, efforts are made to improve supply chain performance through demand volume prediction. The predictive model used in the proposed method is an ensemble system based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), which employs weighted averaging to predict demand volume for each retail unit. The configuration of this prediction model is done at two levels, utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization. At the first level, the hyperparameters of each ANFIS model are optimized, and at the second level, the weight values of each learning component are optimized using this algorithm. The performance of this predictive model in enhancing the CBEC supply chain structure is evaluated using real-world data. Based on the results, the proposed predictive model achieves an average absolute error of 2.54 in demand volume prediction, showcasing a minimum reduction of 8.58% compared to previous research. Moreover, the improvement in supply chain performance through this model will lead to reduced delays and increased efficiency in CBEC, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model.

As the main form of digital trade, cross-border e-commerce plays an important role, allowing China to expand its opening-up and promote the optimal foreign trade structure. It also provides opportunities for Chinese enterprises to develop digital technology. From the perspective of the establishment of China's cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone (CBECPZ), this article uses the multi-period DID method to examine the effects of cross-border e-commerce on enterprise digital technology innovation based on listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2007 to 2020. The CBECPZ dramatically promotes enterprise digital technology innovation. The mechanism test shows that the CBECPZ promotes digital technology innovation by financing constraint alleviation, digital transformation, and producer service industry agglomeration. The heterogeneity test shows that the direct effect is more significant in the enterprises of large-scale, non-state-owned, with high ICT correlation and in areas with strong government resource allocation capabilities. The research findings have important reference value for how to utilize cross-border e-commerce to promote digital technology innovation, and they also provide directional references for other developing countries to develop cross-border e-commerce.

PurposeBased on the resource-based view and organizational capability theory, we examine the effect of information technology (IT) on company performance through supply chain integration (SCI) from the upstream and downstream perspective of the whole supply chain.Design/methodology/approachBased on data collected from 296 cross-border e-commerce (CBE) companies in China, we used structural equation modeling with LISREL to test the conceptual model.FindingsThe results show that supplier and customer IT significantly promote supplier and customer system and process integration. Supplier system and process integration enhance operational performance. Meanwhile, IT indirectly affects financial performance through operational performance. Customer system integration has positive effects on operational and financial performance, with an indirect effect on financial performance through operational performance. However, customer process integration only improves financial performance.Research limitations/implicationsWe only use cross-sectional data from Zhejiang province of China to investigate relationships of related constructs. Future studies can also use longitudinal data in combination with secondary data from other provinces, regions and countries.Practical implicationsThe results provide important managerial insights for CBE companies to sustain their competitive advantages by improving their performances through IT and SCI practices throughout the upstream and downstream data-driven supply chain.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the IT and SCI literature by exploring the effectiveness of IT in improving SCI and company performance from the upstream and downstream perspective and the perspective of IT.

This research addresses the critical challenge of customer churn prediction in cross-border e-commerce by proposing an enhanced XGBoost-based framework that integrates temporal-spatial features and dynamic weight adjustment mechanisms. In response to the complex characteristics of international e-commerce, including regional behavioral variations, seasonal patterns, and logistics impacts, this study develops novel approaches to feature engineering and algorithm optimization. The enhanced model incorporates continuous temporal processing, adaptive weight adjustment, and business rule-based feature interactions to achieve superior prediction performance. Through extensive experimentation with large-scale cross-border transaction datasets, the research demonstrates significant improvements in prediction accuracy across diverse geographical regions while maintaining model interpretability. The findings contribute substantially to both the theoretical advancement of machine learning applications in cross-border e-commerce and practical implementations in customer relationship management. The proposed framework provides valuable insights for international e-commerce platforms seeking to implement more effective customer retention strategies and optimize their operational efficiency in global markets.

The good business environment of cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) can promote economic development and corporate innovation. Improving the business environment of CBEC has a favorable influence on the digital economy development. To improve the business environment targeted at cross-border e-commerce, we propose a combined approach of Entropy-TOPSIS to evaluate the business environment of CBEC. We construct an evaluation index system containing four dimensions and 12 first-level and 33 s-level indicators. The panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020 are collected to evaluate the business environment of CBEC. The results show that Guangdong has the highest comprehensive score for the CBEC business environment and the business environment of CBEC is uneven among provinces. The economic and market environment dimension, human resource dimension, and technology and innovation environment dimension of 31 provinces are highly coupled with the comprehensive performance. The three dimensions are the key factors constraining the construction of the business environment for CBEC. The relationship between the results of the business environment assessment and the actual situation are analyzed in further discussion, demonstrating the validity of the evaluation results. Finally, recommendations are proposed for improving the business environment of cross-border e-commerce.

Enhancing the precision of supply chain management and reducing operational costs are crucial for the development of the cross-border e-commerce market. However, existing research often overlooks the demand uncertainty caused by seasonal variations and the challenges of handling returns in logistics. Therefore, this paper proposes a SARIMA-CNN-BiLSTM prediction model that effectively captures both the seasonal and nonlinear characteristics of cross-border e-commerce supply chains. Additionally, by incorporating the returns process, a supply chain distribution optimization model is developed with the objective of minimizing total operational costs. The model is solved using an improved whale optimization algorithm. In validation with real-world data, the SARIMA-CNN-BiLSTM model achieved a mean absolute percentage error reduction of 6.479 and 7.703 compared to convolutional neural network (CNN) and BiLSTM models, respectively. Moreover, the chosen optimization algorithm reduced the cost by 231,310 CNY, 62,564 CNY, and 131,632 CNY compared to the whale optimization algorithm, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization, respectively. The proposed approach provides robust support for cross-border e-commerce enterprises in reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in their operations.

This research investigates the factors influencing the adoption of cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) among manufacturing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Thailand by integrating the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI), Resource-Based View (RBV), and Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) frameworks with the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The findings reveal that knowledge of e-commerce, international marketing capabilities, and security and risk concerns are primary drivers of CBEC adoption, while socio-cultural factors and cost-related issues are secondary enablers. This study contributes to the e-commerce adoption literature by developing a context-specific, integrated conceptual framework and empirically validating the causal interrelationships among technological, organizational, and environmental factors in CBEC adoption using Fuzzy DEMATEL. The results provide actionable insights for both MSMEs and policymakers to strengthen Thailand’s participation in the digital economy and advance Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8 and 17.

The rapid expansion of cross-border e-commerce in China has transformed international trade by enabling seamless digital transactions. The concept of the double cycle strategy, emphasizing both domestic and international economic circulations, has reshaped the cross-border payment landscape. While technological advancements have streamlined payment processes, several challenges remain, including regulatory complexities, security risks, and inefficiencies in transaction settlements. This paper examines the current situation of cross-border e-commerce payment in China, identifies major issues, and proposes strategic countermeasures to enhance payment systems under the double cycle framework. By addressing these challenges, China can further strengthen its role in the global digital economy and facilitate smoother international transactions.

This study conducts a systematic comparative analysis of market access regulations for foreign investment in cross-border e-commerce between China and Malaysia. Drawing on current regulatory frameworks and implementation practices, the research identifies significant patterns of convergence and divergence in how these two countries regulate foreign participation in their digital economies. Malaysia has adopted a relatively open framework characterized by streamlined registration procedures, liberal foreign equity policies, and transparent enforcement mechanisms, positioning itself as a gateway to ASEAN markets. In contrast, China maintains a more complex regime with multi-layered approval requirements, significant sectoral restrictions, and interventionist enforcement practices, reflecting its emphasis on digital sovereignty and state-directed economic development. The research highlights specialized economic zones—Malaysia's Digital Free Trade Zone and China's Cross-Border E-Commerce Pilot Zones—as key instruments of regulatory innovation in both countries. Case studies of Chinese e-commerce platforms entering Malaysia and Malaysian digital businesses entering China reveal asymmetric market access conditions with practical implications for investors. This comparative analysis contributes to our understanding of how different legal traditions and regulatory philosophies shape digital economy governance, while offering strategic insights for investors navigating these complex regulatory environments and policymakers seeking greater harmonization.

The ever-growing volume of international e-commerce poses a number of challenges to national governments related to the assessment of the fiscal component of this category of goods, competition issues of national and foreign online sellers. Attempts are being made to form a separate category of e-commerce goods that does not relate to either trade or non-trade turnover, methods and principles of customs regulation of e-commerce goods are being formed. The draft amendments to the EAEU СС revealed significant differences in the customs regulation of goods transported within the international electronic commerce in trade and non-trade turnover. Customs regulation of e-commerce in trade is developing in the direction of finding new and improving existing technological solutions for customs operations, organizing the interaction of state regulatory authorities with participants in foreign economic activity, ensuring proper customs control and further speeding up customs operations. In non- trade turnover, the introduction of a separate category of e-commerce goods primarily raises the question of the differences between this new category and goods for personal use. The issues of customs regulation of e-commerce goods in the EAEU, primarily intended for the personal use of individuals, are considered in order to systematize the created methods of such regulation, analyze the principles of e-commerce goods movement across the customs border and the main directions of development of customs regulation of international e-commerce in the EAEU and in the Russian Federation, as well as develop recommendations for further formation the legal basis for the movement of electronic commerce goods.

The impact of international electronic commerce (IEC) on export trade increases along with its expanding scale. Based on relevant data and the gravity model of China’s IEC export trade, this paper develops a theoretical model that can be used in IEC scenarios, applies regression equations, a Hausman test, and other empirical methods to verify relevant data, and performs a robustness test. The purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanism of IEC impact on China’s trade, and hopefully to study the temporal structural changes of the impact of IEC activities on China’s export trade based on the financial crisis and European debt crisis variables. The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the large sample of China’s trade selected in this paper. It can also determine the changes in the distance effect of international trade in the era of IEC, and reveal the mechanism by which IEC applications help foreign trade enterprises overcome economic crises. Four key conclusions are obtained as follows. First, the development of IEC has significantly promoted the expansion of China’s export trade scale. Second, in the context of the global financial crisis and European debt crisis, the positive promotion effect of IEC on exports is not significant. Third, the promotion effects of IEC on China’s exports to both developing and industrialized countries are significant, with the impact on developed country exports being slightly greater. Fourth, although the geographical distance for measuring transportation costs has a negative effect on China’s exports, such effect has been greatly weakened.

The scientific article analyzes key issues arising in connection with the aspects of legal regulation of the digitalization of the economy and the growth of e-commerce. It is noted that digitalization offers new opportunities for entrepreneurship, in particular through the implementation of digital platforms, omnichannel strategies and process automation. The impact of technologies on business models, legal regulation of electronic transactions, cybersecurity issues and consumer protection are studied. It is noted that leading digital platforms have become important tools for business globalization, as they simplify access to international markets, reduce the need for traditional infrastructure and ensure the integration of business processes. The article examines the legal regulation of electronic contracts and transactions. It is indicated that the development of e-commerce requires legal certainty regarding electronic documents, electronic signatures and digital identifiers. It is noted that in foreign countries we observe differences in approaches to digitalization and e-commerce, which creates challenges for international trade. Attention is paid to the challenges associated with the protection of consumer rights in the digital economy and trade. After all, new risks associated with privacy violations and fraud in the online environment are emerging. Therefore, international standards, such as GDPR, have been adopted to ensure a high level of personal data protection, while domestic legislation requires harmonization with international legal norms to increase the level of consumer rights protection. It is summarized that the digitalization of the economy and trade requires the adaptation of regulatory and legal regulation to new challenges, while creating new opportunities for improving legal mechanisms. The study of these processes will allow a deeper understanding of the needs for adapting the legal system for the next stages of the development of digitalization and e-commerce to ensure and maintain a balance between innovation and protection of the rights of national and international participants in the digital economy.

In the era of globalization and rapid development of information technologies, electronic commerce has become an integral part of the international economic system. Its dynamic growth over the past decades has had a significant impact on world trade, investment, consumer behavior, and the overall structure of the global economy. The development of e-commerce is also accompanied by a number of problems in the international business environment (the need for legal regulation of the e-commerce sphere; personal data protection and cyber security; development of logistics and infrastructure; the impact of e-commerce on employment and the labor market; imperfect competition). The article examines the conceptual foundations of electronic commerce through the prism of advantages and challenges in the international business environment and domestic practice. The article examines the factors that stimulate the development of electronic international trade (global presence; round-the-clock work; a wide range; equal opportunities for all participants in the eCommerce market; access to financing), the peculiarities of the activities of eCommerce participants in the international business environment. The eCommerce market significantly affects international trade by changing its volume, structure, competitive environment, employment and consumer behavior. In addition, access to the world market for small and medium-sized enterprises becomes more accessible. ECommerce makes consumers more informed and demanding. E-commerce not only has the potential to significantly increase the volume of international business, but it is also a breeding ground for cybercrime. The article examines the e-commerce sector in Ukraine, its volumes (including forecasts) and structure; as well as outlined promising trends in the development of the domestic and international eCommerce market (increasing the volume of mobile commerce; development of social commerce – selling goods and services through social networks; personalization – the use of artificial intelligence to personalize offers for buyers; voice shopping – the use of voice assistants for making purchases; omnichannel experience – a combination of online and offline sales channels to create a seamless access for customers).

The article provides a comprehensive study of various approaches to defining the term «electronic commerce» in the context of modern legal, economic and technological challenges. The analysis begins with an overview of scholarly perspectives on e-commerce, which range from narrow interpretations that focus on basic online sales contracts to broader concepts that encompass all aspects of electronic interaction between business entities, including logistics, marketing, financial operations and international transactions. The term «e-commerce» is clearly distinguished from related concepts, such as «e-commerce», «e-business», which mostly focuses on the sale of goods and services. The article also explores the positive aspects of e-commerce, such as increasing the efficiency of business processes, reducing transaction costs, access to global markets, increased convenience for consumers, etc. At the same time, a number of negatives have been identified, including the risk of personal data theft, payment fraud, and other types of cybercrime. The normative regulation of electronic commerce at the level of international law and in Ukraine is separately analyzed. The main legislative acts and their impact on the development of e-commerce are highlighted. On the basis of the conducted research, three key criteria for a clear definition of e-commerce are formulated, including legal relations arising through electronic means, interaction of entities through the Internet, and multi-level business processes, namely: basic e-commerce, integrated e-commerce and global e-commerce. As a result, a proper understanding of e-commerce as a form of business activity is proposed, which involves the implementation of commercial transactions using information and telecommunication means, covering a wide range of processes, including the conclusion and execution of contracts for the sale of goods and services, payment processing, logistics, marketing and advertising , as well as management of currency and customs operations during international transactions, which allows to increase business efficiency and reduce costs due to process automation, optimization of resource management, rapid exchange of information, reduction of transaction costs and simplification of communication between market participants.

: This paper discusses the impact and transformation of cross-border e-commerce on the traditional international trade model. With the development of Internet technology and the acceleration of the globalization process, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging mode of international trade, is having a profound impact on the traditional mode of international trade with its unique advantages and potential. This paper first outlines the characteristics and limitations of the traditional international trade model, and then analyses in detail the characteristics and impact of cross-border e-commerce, including its impact on the traditional trade market structure, trade processes and intermediary roles. Next, the paper discusses the transformation and adaptation of the traditional international trade model in the cross-border e-commerce environment, including the adjustment of enterprise business strategies, the updating of trade policies and legal systems, and the improvement of trade infrastructure. Finally, this paper specifically analyses the impact and transformation of cross-border e-commerce on the traditional international trade model through case studies, and summarizes the impact of cross-border e-commerce on the global trade pattern and the future development trend. The study presented in this article demonstrates how cross-border e-commerce is propelling the modernization and evolution of the conventional international trade model while encouraging the growth and innovation of international trade. Cross-border e-commerce is developing, but it also confronts a lot of obstacles. To maintain its healthy growth, governments, businesses, and international organizations must work together to set fair norms and regulations. In addition to being instructional for supporting the adaptation and transformation of the conventional international trade model, the study findings in this article provide vital reference value for understanding the development trend of cross-border e-commerce and its influence on international trade.

The practical relevance of implementing electronic commerce systems in joint-stock firms abroad is discussed in this article, along with the key tactics and methods that Uzbekistan might employ to effectively compete in international electronic commerce marketplaces. Even more crucial to the nation's economy is the growth of internet commerce. According to New Uzbekistan's Development Strategy for 2022–2026, electronic commerce will play a major role in the digital economy, which is intended to become the primary "driver" of economic development and grow by at least 2.5 times. Based on the author's research, the article provides information on how Uzbek businesses may successfully leverage international markets and collaborate with new clients and marketplaces.

Along with the demand for international trade which is quite a lot, the technology and means of electronic communication are also developing. E-commerce is an electronic transaction that is very supportive in the economic field, especially international business transactions. International business transactions are a civil law study that provides greater opportunities for each party to make, agree on, and implement the contents of the agreements they make. With various technological advances, the world provides opportunities for the international community to establish relations between them. In line with these advantages, it is possible that there will still be deficiencies which will cause disputes between the contract makers. These problems can arise because of differences between them, such as in terms of culture, legal perspective, and so on. Therefore, parties from different countries must understand the contracts they make and pay attention to the laws in force in other countries before entering into certain contracts. To prevent unwanted legal consequences, a clear understanding of legal protection is required. This research method is a legal normative research with a statutory approach.

In today’s conditions a brand new component of the economic system came into being i. e. electronic commerce. A fierce struggle on the international stage is taking place among countries for domination in digital trade, where each state is doing its best to use opportunities of this promising trend. Transformation of trade relations through ecommerce development provides a way to fundamental changes in classical retail trade, sharpening of competitive environment and speeding up economic development. The present research focuses on assessing the place of Russian e-commerce in the international context and identifying key lines in development and promising ways of its progress. Special attention is paid to internet-trade as an essential element of e-commerce. As information basis the authors used research reports and statistic data of principle analytical organizations, such as Ecommerce Foundation, Data Insight and AKIT.

Electronic commerce nowadays is offering and developing more and more opportunities, fundamentally changing the way business is developed. The job market in E-commerce is expanding rapidly, driving equally large changes in the global economy. One of the areas most affected in business by internet and mobile platform technologies is marketing and marketing communications. The paper presented by the authors aims to highlight the importance of E-commerce in the conditions of a digital market as an opportunity to change a significant part of industries in terms of their structure, processes and strategies and as an opportunity to expand in the international market. The process of reviewing scientific literature at the national and international levels, as well as the analysis of the cases of the development of electronic commerce offer the opportunity to address the way in which the business fields in Albania are approaching this transformation process and at the same time every difficulty encountered during the development of electronic commerce (Qurtubi, 2022). The findings presented in the paper evidence the fact that investment in Internet technologies and mobile platforms in the development of businesses, adapting to them and improving the customer experience, remain the main elements for a stable and growing presence of Albanian businesses in the digital market.

The rapid expansion of electronic commerce has significantly transformed VAT/GST systems, challenging the practical application of the destination principle – a global standard promoting trade neutrality and efficiency. In this article, the author examines OECD recommendations on managing cross-border digital transactions and evaluates diverse country responses, highlighting persistent fragmentation due to varying taxable scopes and exemption thresholds. The author, ultimately, questions the continued relevance of traditional VAT/GST exemptions in digital commerce contexts, considering key international principles such as neutrality, efficiency and fairness.

The expansion of the market - which has become an international one - has made modern means of communication included in the sphere of trade, thereby increasing the speed of concluding commercial legal relations. Thus, the conclusion of commercial relations through the computer or through other modern means of communication has been imposed, in the last decades, in our country as well. These means of communication are very diverse: telex and fax - through which words and images can be transmitted at adistance and in a short time, and means of storing information and documents made by traders - magnetic tapes, microfilms, compact discs, which can be used at any time, occupying a small space. The Internet is the present and the future of contractual relations. Although the issues raised by contracts concluded via the Internet are affected by traditional principles, they nevertheless present new and exciting aspects from a technical and legal point of view. In the case of electronic contracting, legal challenges arise from the spatio-temporal freedom offered by the Internet environment and reflect, above all, on the place and time of the conclusion of the contract. We are convinced that the actuality and importance of electronic commerce and the electronic sales contract resides in the strategic objective of the internal and external policy of Moldova to join the EU, the present work subjects to an extensive analysis the provisions of European legislation in the field of international commercial contracts. This objective also explains the special attention we paid to the community normative framework, an analysis which, we believe, will be useful to the competent national authorities in the activity of adjusting the provisions of the national legislation to the community acquis. The advantages of electronic commerce are known to all those who have resorted at least once to procuring products or services online. Beyond saving time, online stores offer the convenient opportunity to view the assortment of products and the conditions of the sale or service offer.

The paper examines the development of international electronic commerce within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Based on the analysis of customs regulation novelties, the author highlights several aspects of upcoming changes in the law of the EAEU related to the regulation of the institution of electronic commerce. The highlighted aspects relate to the terminological apparatus of the EAEU, the subject system of customs legal relations, customs operations and procedures within the framework of electronic trade in goods. A conclusion is made about the gradual formation of a comprehensive institution of electronic commerce in the EAEU, combining the norms of private and public law. The author predicts the introduction of changes and additions to national legislation on administrative responsibility and consumer protection in connection with the development of regulation of electronic commerce at the EAEU level.

The aim of the article. The aim of the study is to develop methodological recommendations for establishing digital accounting in small enterprises in Ukraine that engage in electronic commerce in foreign markets. To achieve this aim, the following tasks were set: 1) to describe the circumstances of choosing the organizational and legal form of business in the field of electronic commerce; to argue that international online sales are more rationally conducted as a legal entity rather than a sole proprietor; 2) to prove that enterprise accounting should not be a complication for conducting business, but rather a basis for high-quality information support for effective management; to this end, accounting needs to be organized digitally; 3) to develop a model for the digitalization of accounting and analytical support for managing an export online store; to describe the functions of the model components; 4) to propose suitable options for cloud-based CMS, CRM, and ERP systems for small enterprises engaged in electronic commerce in foreign markets. Analyses results. The study is conducted at the intersection of two scientific problematics – e-commerce and digital accounting, which are distinct objects of modern scientific inquiry. The theoretical foundation of the work is the hypothesis that only digital accounting functionally meets the information demands of online trading businesses in the context of the digital economy; the capabilities of partially automated accounting are insufficient. ERP systems are the software solution for digital accounting. For a small enterprise whose main activity is international electronic commerce, recommendations on the functions and technical capabilities of ERP systems, their suitability for data exchange with CMS, CRM, and external services, the order of interaction between ERP and other online store software, as well as available ERP solutions for small businesses in the Ukrainian market, are relevant and in demand. The article presents facts regarding the importance of e-commerce development for Ukraine and its entry into global markets. It explains that complex tax and accounting legislative requirements for small enterprises are a key reason for domestic businesses choosing the form of private entrepreneur for legalizing online trade. The article justifies the appropriateness of organizing an international online store as a legal entity. It systematizes the legislative requirements for e-commerce operations by small enterprises and demonstrates that accounting organized as an ERP solution is identified as digital. Furthermore, only digital accounting provides sufficient and complete accounting-analytical support for managing online trade businesses. The article develops a model of interaction between the website, CMS, CRM, and ERP systems of an export-oriented online store, both among themselves and with external services and programs. It proposes a list of necessary functions and characteristics for the website of an online store, CMS, CRM, and ERP systems as components of digitized management of international e-commerce for small enterprises. The advantages of deploying a cloud-based ERP system for conducting digital accounting of an online store are explained. Cloud ERP systems are a universal software solution for automating accounting-analytical support for small enterprises engaged in export e-commerce. If ERP fully digitizes all business processes and is synchronized and integrated with other essential business software, then accounting reaches a digital level and becomes the informational core of the online store. The article provides up-to-date options for cloud ERP systems suitable for small enterprises conducting electronic commerce in external markets through online stores, as of 2024. Conclusions and directions for further research. The scientific outcome of the conducted research is the practically demanded methodological recommendations for the digital transformation of accounting-analytical support for commercial e-business through the use of cloud ERP systems. It is anticipated that further research will continue to explore accounting-analytical support for managing e-commerce in the context of ongoing IT advancements and the implementation of innovations in the field of online trade, such as artificial intelligence for omnichannel marketing and augmented reality technologies for 3D visualization of interactive products on websites, among others.

The "Belt and Road", as a significant international cooperation strategy proposed by China, has fostered economic development and trade exchanges among the countries along its routes, presenting unprecedented development opportunities for cross-border electronic commerce. Due to objective factors, traditional marketing strategies can no longer meet the current development needs of cross-border electronic commerce. Therefore, based on the actual development situation, optimizing and perfecting marketing strategies is key to the development of cross-border electronic commerce enterprises at this stage. This paper first analyzes the environment of cross-border electronic commerce marketing under the "Belt and Road" perspective, including policy, economic, and cultural aspects. For various issues, it proposes paths for innovation and optimization in product strategy, pricing strategy, channel strategy, and promotion strategy. The research not only helps promote the innovation and optimization of cross-border electronic commerce marketing strategies but also provides a useful reference for promoting economic and trade cooperation and cultural exchange among the countries along the "Belt and Road".

The liberalization of state regulation of monetary circulation and the formation of the international monetary system created the conditions for the emergence of a global commodity market, which contributed to the expansion of international value chains, increased capital mobility, and the gradual and digital transformation of trade and trade and economic relations. The result of the introduction of information technologies among consumers has led to the emergence of electronic commerce and the revision of customs regulation as a set of measures for the control and management of foreign trade activities, including the application of customs duties, rules and special procedures. The paper highlights the importance of foreign electronic commerce and its customs regulation, as well as the desire to integrate the regional markets of the EAEU; digitalization of customs processes; changes in legislative and international agreements. The authors examined the problems of customs regulation of foreign electronic commerce in the EAEU member states and ways to level them.

As a vital element of core intellectual property for businesses, trademarks play a crucial role in upholding brand image, safeguarding consumer rights, and fostering fair market competition. This paper aims to delve into the challenges encountered in trademark rights protection within e-commerce based on relevant content from trademark law. It further proposes corresponding legal strategies to address these challenges with the goal of promoting sustained and healthy growth within the e-commerce industry. This study uncovers complexities and covert nature associated with trademark infringement activities in e-commerce, as well as widespread cross-border trade infringements and high costs related to evidence collection and rights protection. Corresponding measures to address these issues are then proposed. The research findings underscore the significance of refining laws and regulations, bolstering international cooperation and judicial assistance efforts, intensifying enforcement measures and penalties, as well as establishing robust mechanisms for protecting rights. This paper holds substantial importance in advancing a healthy environment for e-commerce industry development, maintaining equitable competitive market conditions, safeguarding legitimate rights of trademark holders and consumers, and propelling forward intellectual property protection system construction within the realm of e-commerce.

Joint-stock firms' worldwide e-commerce growth is crucial to national economies, and Uzbekistan's strategic emphasis on the digital economy is expected to spur significant expansion. The country's e-commerce participation is still mostly domestic, despite advantageous conditions like internet availability and government assistance. This highlights a substantial knowledge gap in utilizing overseas markets. This study investigated international e-commerce models and their implementation in Uzbekistan using both theoretical and empirical approaches. The findings imply that although e-commerce infrastructure is growing, progress is being hindered by infrastructural and regulatory issues. Through improved digital trade, addressing these problems could promote global competitiveness and support sustainable economic development, both of which are in line with the "Digital Uzbekistan 2030" vision.

In the current situation of COVID-19, e-commerce plays an important role in providing services to consumers according to their needs and avoiding unnecessary social contacts. Due to the increasing use of the Internet and electronic gadgets, the number of Internet companies is increasing every day. Previously, their number was limited to urban areas, and now even cover rural areas. E-commerce has grown tremendously in recent decades and is replacing traditional stores with contactless online sales. This is beneficial for both Internet companies and customers, as it provides profits to the company and convenience for customers. E-commerce allows you to buy and sell products globally, twenty-four hours a day without spending significant funds, compared to offline trading. Therefore, in modern conditions, the study of e-commerce is a very important issue. Given the recent changes in the world economy related to the pandemic, the prospects for the development of e-commerce are not yet fully addressed. Studies of theoretical and methodological bases, legal norms and features of e-commerce market development in Ukraine have been studied by both domestic and foreign scientists, such as: Orekhova T., Tyagunova N., M. Pleskach, T. G. Zatonatska, N. Solovenko, V. V. Tsarev, A. O. Kantarovich, V. V. Apopiy, I. P. Mishchuk, V. O. Sobolev, M. V. Makarova, V. Zwass, A. Summer, G. Duncan, D. Kozie, V. Triez, L. Stewart, E. Turban, R. Kalakota, A. Winston, Y. Kregul, V. Batrienko, M. Burov, N. Pisarenko, Z. Evdokimova, G. Androschuk, etc. The aim of the work is to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of the essence and models of e-commerce development, as well as to determine the prospects for development in the context of modern economic transformations. The article investigates the essence of e-commerce, analyzes the models of e-business, which are based on the interaction between entities involved in commercial transactions. The publication explores the main promising areas of e-commerce in the world during the pandemic and based on forecasts provides recommendations for improving e-business.

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The development of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) on the field of international trade and commerce resulted into the development of online market or internet commerce (cyber market where vendors and buyers meet to trade); this later came to be known as Electronic Commerce (herein after E-Commerce). E- Commerce, being a new form of commerce World Wide, as against traditional commerce system, brought legal and administrative challenges to the traditional taxation system World Wide. This paperwork examined how the existing taxation principles can regulate e-commerce in line with United Nations Model Tax Convention (herein after the UN Model Tax Convention) and other international taxation guidelines adopted by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (herein after OECD) and World Trade Organization (herein after WTO) without compromising the on motion internet commerce and technological development on trade and commerce sector.  Lastly proposed modifications of existing rules on imposition of taxation on conventional commerce to regulate e-commerce

As a result of digitalization, the traditional economy is widely combined with the platform or electronic economy. Thanks to the wide use of digital technologies, cross-border electronic commerce has become one of the fastest-growing and most promising forms of international trade. In fact, cross-border B2C e-commerce platforms are changing the procedure of global trade, simplifying data transfer, payments, product delivery and much more. The growth of electronic commerce creates new tasks for state authorities to ensure adequate revenue collection, implementation of security and regulation measures, protection of intellectual property and simultaneous promotion of trade. This means that electronic commerce has become both an opportunity for economic growth and development, as well as a problem from the point of view of ensuring tax and customs revenues and security. In the article, the problems of the development of cross-border electronic trade in RA are analyzed.

The aim of this study is to define electronic mediation and negotiations as alternative means for resolving electronic commerce disputes, the aspects of agreement and differences between them, the advantages they achieve, and a statement of the effects of electronic mediation and negotiations. The problem is raised in terms of the role of mediation and electronic negotiations in resolving international trade contract disputes. The study relied on the analytical approach, through aanlysis of the nature of electronic mediation and negotiations, and an indication of their implications.

With the popularity of the Internet, information technology has developed at an alarming rate. E-commerce has brought earth-shaking changes to people’s lives. E-commerce is changing people’s way of life and international trade. It created a new business model. E-commerce makes people’s life more convenient and fast. People can buy anything they want on the Internet, without the restriction of time and space. Through the computer-aided, traders from all over the world who participate in trade can exchange trade online without meeting each other. So, e-commerce has brought strong impact and challenge to traditional international trade. With its unique openness, cross-regional and timeliness, e-commerce has rapidly occupied the global economic market. E-commerce has brought many changes, such as transaction mode, reduced transaction costs, increased transaction opportunities and so on. This paper first analyses the current situation of e-commerce in the new economic situation. And then analyses the theoretical impact and practical challenges on international trade. Finally, this paper puts forward some improvement measures.

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Abstract Although wildlife trade has received considerable research and conservation attention, much of it has been focused on charismatic species, with taxa such as fungi receiving little or no attention despite being highly sought after. The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis is highly valued as an ingredient in cosmetics and medicines, and as an aphrodisiac and dietary supplement. Despite its livelihood and socio-economic significance, it has received little attention in either research or wildlife trade policy. Nevertheless, trade appears to be rampant, and growing online, and this is an emerging conservation challenge. Here we present a systematic survey of online trade in the caterpillar fungus during 2021. During this period, 168 advertisements were recorded on eight e-commerce platforms, both national and international. The grade of the caterpillar fungus advertised for sale fell into six categories. Fungi described as pure/organic/wild grade, which we categorized as authentic grade, had the highest median price (24 USD/g) and those described as medicine/food/cosmetic/beverage, which we categorized as consumption grade, had the lowest median price (0.04 USD/g). The highest advertised sale price was for caterpillar fungus of Bhutan origin (155 USD/g) advertised on the eBay e-commerce platform. Trade in caterpillar fungus on national and international online platforms is evident, and trade in other non-charismatic species is also likely burgeoning online but remains poorly documented. Further systematic surveys of online trade are required, not only to improve understanding of such trade but also to facilitate the development of effective conservation interventions and prevent undocumented overexploitation of important natural resources in developing countries.

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The article examines the problems of intra-industry trade in dairy products in the Russian-Belarusian transborder regions: integration processes between the two countries have created a stable demand for Belarusian dairy products in Russia that does not contribute to the development of their own production in Bryansk, Pskov and Smolensk regions. The aim of the paper is to determine current trends in intra-industry trade in dairy products in the Russian-Belarusian border region, and outline the prospects for its development in the regions under study. To achieve the goal, the authors use the methods of statistical analysis, Grubel-Lloyd index, statistical observation of dairy products in supermarkets. The authors identify a number of common problems in the dairy industry in Russian bordering regions, such as: low profitability of production, imperfect pricing and competition with suppliers in Belarus. The solution to these problems lies in supporting intra-industry trade between adjacent regions, as well as government support for domestic dairy producers which may contribute to the development of local economy. A promising direction for the development of intra-industry trade in dairy products for all studied regions is the production of new innovative types of products.

: Blockchain technology is used by entrepreneurs as an inovative tool in online trade so that they can handle the problem of traceability of the product in the management of the supply chain. This research want to be a cross-border between blockchain, ecommerce all made in the entrepreneurial environement. In the end it will be a set of methods and algorithms that are developed for the information encryption and for anticounterfeiting. There will be presented algorithms and methods to show a complete and working solution, which are evaluated by applying to several typical problems and attack cases. The effectiveness, extendibility, security, implementation and governance issues of applying these algorithms,methods, solutions are also discussed. This research contributes to the theoretical and practical literatures on blockchain technology, cross-border e-commerce and supply chain management research fields.

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BACKGROUND Cryptomarkets, or illegal anonymizing online platforms that facilitate drug trade, have been analyzed in a rapidly growing body of research. Previous research has found that, despite increased risks, cryptomarket sellers are often willing to ship illegal drugs internationally. There is little to no information, however, about the extent to which uncertainty and risk related to geographic constraints shapes buyers' behavior and, in turn, the structure of the global online drug trade network. In this paper, we analyze the structure of a complete cryptomarket trade network with a focus on the role of geographic clustering of buyers and sellers. METHODS We use publicly available crawls of the cryptomarket Abraxas, encompassing market transactions between 463 sellers and 3542 buyers of drugs in 2015. We use descriptive social network analysis and Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM) to analyze the structure of the trade network. RESULTS The structure of the online drug trade network is primarily shaped by geographical boundaries. Buyers are more likely to buy from multiple sellers within a single country, and avoid buying from sellers in different countries, which leads to strong geographic clustering. The effect is especially strong between continents and weaker for countries within Europe. A small fraction of buyers (10%) account for more than a half of all drug purchases, while most buyers only buy once. CONCLUSION Online drug trade networks might still be heavily shaped by offline (geographic) constraints, despite their ability to provide access for end-users to large international supply. Cryptomarkets might be more "localized" and less international than thought before. We discuss potential explanations for such geographical clustering and implications of the findings.

Digital commerce is the exemplification of the replacement of fixed websites and bulk marketing with the dynamic Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven ecosystems. Increasingly, personalization is required to attract the attention of consumers, support engagement and conversion rates, and foster brand loyalty around the world. It is in this connection that the paper will analyze how AI has affected digital commerce by real-time identification of users, modelling, adaptive content delivery, and multilingual processing to scale to address the global market. The ecommerce systems would increase user experience and lifetime value through machine-generated product recommendations, automated pricing strategies, and content delivery through the identification of user sentiment with deep learning, natural language processing, and the recommender system. AI also allows ease of expansion across the borders with localization, currency adaptation, fraud detection, and cultural sentiment analysis to facilitate digital commerce globally and proceed to empower the customer. The study develops a comprehensive AI platform approach centered around scalable and 1:1 approaches to multilingual-focused online shopping and measures the consequence of such application using platformlevel KPIs and customer behavior metrics. The experiments have shown better results in terms of click-through rates, revenue per session, fraud control and customer retention.

Digital trade has rapidly developed with the support of telematics technology, which enables connectivity among economic actors worldwide. Major e-commerce platforms like Temu and Shein leverage this technology to accelerate product distribution and expand their market reach. Temu, with its business model that directly connects producers and consumers, reduces distribution costs and speeds up delivery. Shein, which adopts a fast fashion model, utilizes telematics-based applications to enhance the speed of production and distribution, as well as to quickly respond to fashion trends. Nevertheless, the global e-commerce sector faces significant regulatory challenges, particularly concerning digital taxation, consumer protection, and personal data protection. In Indonesia, these regulatory challenges become more complex due to cross-border digital transactions involving international platforms that do not fully comply with local regulations. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of telematics technology in supporting global digital trade and its impact on e-commerce regulatory policies, as well as to propose policy measures to address the existing challenges. This research uses a qualitative approach with document analysis and literature review from various related sources. The findings indicate that regulatory updates and stronger international cooperation are crucial to addressing cross-border e-commerce regulatory challenges and enhancing consumer protection and fair implementation of digital taxation.

Cross-border e-commerce has created unprecedented opportunities for global trade but also introduced complex legal challenges regarding jurisdiction and applicable law in consumer disputes. This article explores how legal systems particularly those of the European Union (EU), the United States (US), ASEAN, and Indonesia govern jurisdiction and applicable law in business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce transactions. Using a doctrinal and comparative legal method, the study analyzes key instruments such as the Brussels I Recast, Rome I and II Regulations, Hague Conventions of 2005 and 2019, and relevant national laws. Case law from the CJEU and US courts is used to illustrate doctrinal interpretations, with attention to the targeting test, forum-selection enforceability, and protection of consumer rights. Procedural tools such as the Hague Service and Evidence Conventions are also examined. Findings reveal that while the EU offers a harmonized, consumer-focused regime, enforcement across borders remains inconsistent. The Hague 2019 Convention presents a pathway toward enforceability but requires broader ratification. The US system emphasizes contractual freedom, often limiting consumer protections. Regional efforts, particularly in ASEAN and Indonesia, demonstrate varied progress in legal harmonization. Jurisdictional ambiguity, enforcement gaps, and fragmented legal standards continue to affect legal certainty in cross-border e-commerce. The article concludes that harmonized jurisdictional and applicable law standards, coupled with technological and institutional innovation, are necessary to ensure consumer protection and support legal predictability in global digital markets.

Purpose – Identify the relationship between the amount of taxes and their payment by a digital enterprise and develop recommendations for improving the quality of e- commerce taxation. Research methodology – On the basis of dialectical and systematic methods, the influence of the amount of the tax on filling the budgets of countries and the expansion of digital activities of enterprises was investigated. The spatial set of the study is economic agents of the EU and the USA who use the Internet for their business activities. The possibilities of conducting e- business in 15 countries of the world were studied. The time frame of the study is 2015–2025. Findings – The tax on digital products/services and virtual business is characterized through the prism of the amount of the tax, the procedure for its collection, and the amount of revenue to the budgets. Research limitations – The limitation of the study is that not all countries of the world that carry out e-commerce or engage in digital business have an open and regulated policy of taxation. Practical implications – The content of practical advice, the use of which will make it possible to maintain positive dynamics in the taxation of digital entrepreneurship, has been revealed. Originality/Value – After analyzing the graphical interpretation of the Laffer curve for digital entrepreneurship, we managed to find out that higher tax rates restrain the economic activity of digital enterprises.

This study investigates how new ventures on global e-commerce platforms use textual marketing signals to attract foreign consumers, a critical challenge characterized by information asymmetry. Integrating Signaling Theory and Optimal Distinctiveness Theory (ODT), we examine how two key creator-controlled textual signals—International Orientation Expression (IOE) intensity (a signal of legitimacy) and Project Genre Atypicality (GA) (a signal of differentiation)—non-linearly and interactively influence foreign customer engagement. Analyzing a large-scale dataset of 17,084 Kickstarter projects using computer-aided text analysis and fixed-effects regression models, we yield several key insights. First, we find a robust inverted U-shaped relationship between IOE intensity and foreign backer engagement, suggesting that while moderate international emphasis enhances legitimacy, excessive claims can undermine credibility. Second, GA exhibits a positive linear relationship with foreign engagement, indicating that novelty-seeking foreign consumers consistently value textual differentiation. Third, and most critically, we uncover a significant negative interaction, termed the “cost of dual extremes”, where simultaneously signaling extreme international ambition and extreme product novelty deters foreign consumers, likely due to perceived strategic incoherence and heightened execution risk. Finally, we confirm that attracting a diverse foreign audience is a strong predictor of overall project funding success. This research extends ODT by identifying a novel interactive boundary condition for distinctiveness in digital markets and advances signaling theory by demonstrating the complex, non-linear effectiveness of textual signals, offering actionable insights for optimizing communication strategy in global e-commerce.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of global e-commerce, businesses are compelled to undergo digital transformations to remain competitive. This study delves into the digital business transformation journey of Shopee, a prominent player in the e-commerce realm, focusing on its integrated strategy amidst the global market. Despite extensive research on digital marketing, there remains a gap in comprehending how digital marketing strategies, customer experience, technological innovation, and digital marketing engagement synergize within the context of Shopee’s digital ecosystem. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing the interplay between these variables and their impact on digital marketing engagement. Employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS version 4, the research scrutinizes key variables, namely Digital Marketing Strategies, Customer Experience, Technological Innovation, and Digital Marketing Engagement. The analysis is supported by insights synthesized from academic literature, industry reports, and empirical data. The findings provide valuable insights into how the integration of digital marketing strategies, technological innovation, and customer experience contributes to strengthening digital marketing engagement within Shopee’s platform. This study offers important implications for practitioners and scholars navigating the complexities of digital business transformation. However, while acknowledging the significance of these findings, it is important to note the study’s limitations, including sample size and potential biases inherent in self-reported data. Nevertheless, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on digital marketing strategies by offering a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted dynamics shaping the global e-commerce landscape.

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This research examines the roles of cash and digital payment methods in global e-commerce, focusing on transaction efficiency, security, and consumer preferences. While digital payments like credit cards and digital wallets offer convenience and speed, cash remains crucial in regions with limited technology due to its universal acceptance and privacy benefits. Despite growing digital payment adoption, cultural factors still favor cash in certain areas. The paper concludes that a balanced approach, integrating both payment methods, is essential for businesses to cater to diverse global consumer needs.

Global digital transformation and fundamental changes in the management system open up new opportunities for the development of digital trade along the Belt and Road. The Digital Silk Road received a new mission and task, attracted active attention and broad participation of the countries located along the Belt and Road. In the process of developing digital trade along the Belt and Road, certain dilemmas must be overcome during the construction of the Digital Silk Road. These include problems such as the imbalance in the value of the global digital order, the deregulation of international rules of digital governance and large differences in the regional development of the Belt and Road. Guiding and promoting the construction of digital trade along the Belt and Road in compliance with the rule of law principle, as well as promoting the development of digital rule of law in various countries through the Belt and Road digital trade is of great importance for promoting the qualitative development of digital trade along the «Belts and Paths». Specific ways include: creating a rule of law framework for a «Digital Community of One Destiny», establishing rule of law rules for global digital governance and promoting mutual trust in the rule of law in multilateral cooperation, etc.

Purpose: To understand the impact of utilizing B2B global e-commerce platforms on the process and performance of export transactions from the perspective of digital transformation. Research design, data, and methodology: Out of 2,200 questionnaires that were distributed, 348 were returned and a final 291 were utilized. SPSS 28.0 and Process Macro 4.2 were used to conduct an empirical analysis of the parallel mediation effect model. Results: First, digital transformation in B2B export businesses was found to increase supply chain agility, interoperability, and profit-oriented cooperation. Second, digital transformation in B2B export businesses had a positive effect on export performance. Third, digital transformation in B2B exporting can have a positive impact on export performance based on supply chain agility, but interoperability and profit-oriented collaboration did not have a significant impact on export performance. Conclusions: B2B global e-commerce is expected to continue to grow in line with the recent digital transformation of export business, so it is necessary for export companies to identify platform characteristics and build relevant business strategies.

The rapid expansion of digital commerce has led to the emergence of innovative retail business models that reshape traditional supply chains and retail operations. One such model is dropshipping, which allows retailers to sell products without maintaining inventory, relying instead on third-party suppliers to fulfill customer orders. This research paper explores the transformation of dropshipping within the digital commerce ecosystem by examining technological advancements, evolving consumer behavior, and the role of digital marketplaces. The study highlights the advantages of dropshipping, including low startup costs, operational flexibility, and global market access, while also identifying challenges such as supplier reliability, delivery delays, and intense competition. The paper concludes that technological integration and strategic supplier management are crucial for the sustainability of the dropshipping model in the evolving digital marketplace.

. With the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce and logistics, the problems of price suppression and product homogeneity in the marketing process of cross-border e-commerce enterprises have intensified, and how to use artificial intelligence technology to precisely market the required goods to consumers is an urgent problem for cross-border e-commerce and logistics enterprises to solve. Establishing a demand-oriented intelligent marketing model, using the data stored in the cross-border e-commerce and logistics platforms such as consumers' browsing information and purchase records to dig out different consumers' demand preference information, which can help cross-border e-commerce enterprises precisely locate the target market while also targeting consumers with different needs to take personalized and precise marketing, and maximize the cross-border e-commerce transactions. In addition, in the process of intelligent marketing, cross-border e-commerce enterprises should create their own brands based on the full integration of local culture, improve the recognition and loyalty of local consumers to the enterprise brand, promote the localization of cross-border e-commerce enterprise brands, and finally form the "intelligent marketing to lay the foundation for brand building, the brand effect to promote product sales". Intelligent marketing model. Through the study of the logistics efficiency of cross-border e-commerce, we can have a clearer understanding of the difficulties faced by cross-border e-commerce in China, so as to provide certain reference for cross-border e-commerce business and better improve its logistics efficiency. A comprehensive evaluation model based on neural network is proposed, and the feasibility of the network model for the analysis of cross-border e-commerce logistics development environment is verified through practical application.

The aim of our study is to analyze the new business models of platformization and their impact on the international exchange system. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a scheme of changing the business model of a traditional company taking into account digitalization and under the influence of global digital platforms. Today's global digital platforms have an increasingly significant impact on international trade and further internationalization of global production. Faster and more successful entry into global markets is largely driven by global platforms. Global digital platforms make episodic links between exporters and importers located around the world stronger, making international exchange more stable and predictable. Our study examines the ecosystems of global digital platforms that facilitate their enhanced and active participation in international trade, as well as the parameters of the impact of global digital platforms on the development of international e-commerce. The study separately emphasizes aspects of digital transformation of international trade on the basis of the development of global digital platforms.

Logistics and international trade are becoming simplified with the help of digital technologies that reduce costs, shorten process times and improve outcomes, especially in e-commerce, supply chains and ways that assist in commercial activities. The importance of global commerce and logistics processes for the digital economy has become more relevant due to the priority of sustainable development principles. The study focuses on monitoring the impact of the digital economy on the growth of digital logistics, as well as to explore the possibilities of the practical application of ?nnovative digital solutions in these areas. The study conducts an empirical analysis of scientific publications on the digitalisation of international trade and logistics over the past 10 years. The article examines the logistics processes and international trade. It analyses the logistics efficiency and quality indicators in 139 countries in 2023. Based on the correlation analysis of the relationship between the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and the leading logistics efficiency indicators (global data), as well as between economic growth, international trade development and digital transformation, the author establishes the closeness of dependence. The principal risks of consumers in international transactions and proposals for neutralisation are identified. The calculated approximation equation allowed us to forecast global e-commerce (retail sales) until 2028. Proposals for forming standard rules for digital trade between countries are identified. Practical strategies for developing digital transformation of logistics and international trade are outlined, including the introduction of common standards, support for innovation in logistics and the formation of a global digital trade ecosystem. The article's main conclusions are that the digitalisation of logistics helps reduce costs, speed up deliveries and improve the transparency of international trade. Keywords: logistics processes, digital transformation, digital logistics, digital economy, green entrepreneurship, international trade

“Security risks and regulation of cross-border e-commerce in digital economy” examines the key security threats – data breaches, payment fraud, logistics disruptions, product compliance and Internet Protocol protection – and develops a multi-layered governance framework to support platform operations and policymaking in the digital economy. Drawing on the Web of Science Core Collection, we searched for literature published between January 2020 and October 2024 using keywords such as “cross-border e-commerce,” “global digital economy,” “data security risk,” “cross-border e-commerce data protection” and “cross-border data privacy regulation,” yielding 5,097 initial records. Using the ASReview active-learning tool, we screened out irrelevant studies (terminated after 20 consecutive irrelevant labels) to retain 226 high-relevance publications. We then applied CiteSpace for keyword co-occurrence and clustering analyses and conducted comparative case studies across five countries, supplemented by in-depth interviews with ten industry experts, forming a two-phase mixed qualitative and quantitative research design. The study identifies significant security risks in cross-border e-commerce, including data breaches, payment fraud, logistics disruptions, product compliance issues and intellectual property challenges. Current regulatory frameworks help mitigate these risks but face hurdles in cross-border harmonization, technology deployment and operational consistency. Integrating technical (blockchain and real-time artificial intelligence (AI) monitoring), legal (Standard Contractual Clauses and Data Protection Impact Assessments) and operational (multi-regional logistics and merchant vetting) dimensions, this paper proposes innovative measures – including unified data-sharing platforms and intelligent compliance modules – and advances a forward-looking framework incorporating generative AI and decentralized digital identity systems, offering concrete guidance for policymakers, regulators and practitioners.

The healthcare industry plays a crucial role in global economic development and public health, but the healthcare cross-border e-commerce supply chain often faces numerous risks due to various disruptive events. We employ panel data from 2013 to 2022 for provincial-level regions in China to investigate the impact mechanisms of the digital economy on supply chain resilience in cross-border healthcare e-commerce. The results indicate that the digital economy significantly enhance supply chain resilience, with reduced reliance on foreign trade, increased export technology complexity, and decreased export concentration being key pathways for this improvement. The impact of the digital economy is stronger in the western regions than in central and eastern areas, and the establishment of comprehensive cross-border e-commerce pilot zones can further empower the supply chain. These findings offer valuable insights for the sustainable development of healthcare cross-border e-commerce supply chain resilience and the digital economy.

Against the backdrop of global trade digital transformation, digital marketing has become the core tool for corporate competition. This article takes SHEIN, a benchmark fast fashion cross-border e-commerce enterprise, as the research object, focusing on its core digital marketing strategies, the logic of integration system construction, the synergistic impact on brand building and user conversion, and the inspiration for similar companies. Through literature research method, case study method, data analysis method and comparison analysis method, the research found that SHEIN uses social media as the traffic core, data driver as the engine, and App as the base to integrate Search Engine Optimization (SEO), User Created Content (UGC), localization and other strategies to form a collaborative system. Its success is due to the ultimate cost-effectiveness, flexible supply chain and global execution capabilities, but it also faces risks such as brand trust and compliance. The research provides theoretical supplements and practical references for its digital marketing.

Against the backdrop of accelerating global trade and rising consumer expectations, cross-border e-commerce must urgently increase consumers’ willingness to reuse them. This study uses social exchange theory (SET) and resource dependency theory (RDT) to look at how business process reengineering (BPR) in cross-border e-commerce logistics services helps with digitalising the services, resulting in consumers being more likely to keep using the platform. The study also investigates information sharing and supply chain integration (SCI) as variables. This study used a sample of Chinese cross-border e-commerce enterprises and employed confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) as analytical methods. The findings indicate a positive relationship between logistics service BPR and logistics service digitisation. Our results also show that SCI positively moderates the relationship between BPR and logistics service digitalization by enhancing cross-organizational collaboration and information flow. We further find that greater information sharing cross-border e-commerce platforms and logistics service providers strengthens SCI’s moderating effect, indicating a secondary moderating role of information sharing. This study proposes an innovative interactive perspective and, drawing on SET, constructs three models to identify the boundary conditions influencing the relationship. It provides a theoretical foundation and practical reference for cross-border e-commerce platforms seeking to optimize digital logistics services and enhance consumers’ willingness to reuse the platform.

With the rapid expansion of global cross-border e-commerce, last-mile delivery has emerged as a critical bottleneck for efficiency, cost reduction, and customer satisfaction. Recent advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) logistics provide a transformative solution by enabling faster, more flexible, and sustainable cross-border fulfillment. This study explores how UAV logistics empowers cross-border e-commerce through the integration of business intelligence (BI) tools and data-driven decision-making. Drawing on a mixed-method approach that combines industry case studies with big-data analysis of transaction and delivery records, we examine the operational, economic, and environmental implications of UAV-enabled logistics. The results demonstrate that UAV integration significantly improves delivery speed and reduces logistics costs, while simultaneously generating new forms of business intelligence for route optimization, inventory management, and demand forecasting. Moreover, the study highlights challenges such as regulatory fragmentation, cybersecurity risks, and cross-border customs compliance, which may limit the scalability of UAV logistics. By bridging the domains of digital economy, business intelligence, and low-altitude logistics, this research provides novel insights into how UAV adoption reshapes global e-commerce ecosystems and offers practical recommendations for policymakers, logistics providers, and e-commerce platforms.

With the rapid expansion of cross‑border e‑commerce driven by economic globalization, understanding how service strategies influence consumer experience has become increasingly important. Existing research has largely focused on marketing, technology, and logistics, while overlooking the role of e‑commerce politeness in shaping service perceptions. Furniture, as a category prone to damage and requiring installation guidance, provides a highly interaction‑dependent context for examining service encounters. This study investigates consumers who purchased furniture on the Temu platform and employs the Critical Incident Technique to explore their expectations and evaluations in uncertain online transactions. The findings show that product quality and perceived value for money are the main drivers of satisfaction, whereas packaging protection and fulfillment of service promises are the primary sources of dissatisfaction. Notably, packaging protection and product quality appear in both positive and negative incidents, underscoring their central role in consumers’ perceptions of e‑commerce politeness. The study identifies key factors shaping cross‑border furniture consumption experiences and clarifies their mechanisms of influence. It further offers targeted recommendations for e‑commerce platforms, merchants, logistics providers, and consumers to enhance service experiences through improved adherence to e‑commerce politeness.

The rapid proliferation of cross-border e-commerce (CBEC), catalyzed by frameworks such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), has fundamentally reshaped the global trade landscape, introducing unprecedented market opportunities alongside profound operational complexities. This paradigm shift is characterized by non-stationary demand environments where consumer preferences exhibit high volatility, logistics chains are elongated and stochastic, and the coupling between demand generation and supply fulfillment remains historically brittle. Traditional decision-making paradigms often treat consumer recommendation and inventory control as decoupled silos, leading to suboptimal outcomes such as the simultaneous occurrence of stockouts for high-velocity items and the obsolescence of long-tail inventory. This research proposes a novel, closed-loop supply-demand collaborative mechanism designed to navigate these complexities. On the demand side, we construct a high-precision user profiling system utilizing a Multimodal PinSAGE architecture. This incorporates DistilBERT for semantic extraction from multilingual product descriptions and EfficientNet for high-fidelity visual feature learning, fused via a random-walk-based graph convolutional network to capture complex, high-order user-item interactions. On the supply side, we develop a Multi-Objective Soft Actor-Critic (MO-SAC) reinforcement learning agent responsible for dynamic inventory optimization. This agent operates within an entropy-regularized framework to balance exploration and exploitation amidst demand volatility, optimizing for profit maximization, service level maintenance, and holding cost minimization simultaneously. By mathematically coupling these subsystems, the framework enables a real-time synchronization where recommendation algorithms actively promote stockavailable items to shape demand, while inventory policies proactively adjust replenishment orders based on aggregated algorithmic engagement signals. Extensive empirical experiments on the Amazon-M2 and Taobao User Behavior datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, achieving superior Recall@10 and NDCG@10 metrics while reducing total inventory costs by approximately 29% under simulated RCEP logistics conditions.

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This article examines the architectural strategies enabling successful global e-commerce expansion through cloud-native implementations. It analyzes how organizations transcend geographical boundaries and technical constraints to create seamless customer experiences across diverse international markets. The article presents evidence-based case studies demonstrating how microservices architectures, containerization, event-driven patterns, and hybrid database approaches collectively establish the foundation for global scale. It explores sophisticated approaches to multi-currency and multi-language requirements, implementing modular localization frameworks and context-aware adaptation strategies that significantly enhance international conversion rates. The article further investigates payment and fulfillment orchestration architectures that optimize cross-border transactions and global logistics operations while maintaining regulatory compliance. Additionally, it evaluates operational excellence strategies, including comprehensive observability platforms, edge computing deployments, automated capacity management, and robust disaster recovery capabilities that collectively ensure sustained performance across geographically dispersed markets. Through a systematic analysis of implemented solutions, the article identifies architectural patterns and operational strategies that deliver measurable business impact for organizations pursuing global market expansion.

This study ground in the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), explores the value of digital twin technology in cross-border logistics risk management. Using structural equation modeling, it examines how five innovation characteristics of digital twins—relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability—influence risk management capabilities, specifically robustness and resilience, within cross-border logistics systems. The findings reveal that relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability significantly enhance both robustness and resilience, while complexity does not show a significant negative impact. Furthermore, the study confirms that improvements in risk management capabilities contribute positively to competitive performance. This research not only enriches the theoretical understanding of digital twin applications in cross-border logistics but also offers valuable insights for practical implementation by enterprises.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face high barriers to efficient cross-border logistics due to fragmented tracking, complex customs regulations, and costly legacy systems. This paper proposes a cloud-native microservice platform for cross-border logistics that integrates real-time shipment tracking and automated customs clearance to lower these barriers. The architecture employs containerized microservices orchestrated in the cloud, with a lightweight API gateway enabling multi-tenant operation and tenant-specific data isolation. Key components include a real-time tracking service (aggregating live shipment data from carriers and IoT devices) and a rule-driven customs clearance service (automating tariff calculation and document compliance checks). We leverage an open-source business rules engine for customs compliance, allowing rapid updates to regulatory rules without changing core code. Experiments on a prototype deployment demonstrate near-linear scalability – throughput increases from ~50 requests/s with 1 instance to over 5400 requests/s with 100 instances – and low latency under load. Automated customs processing on the platform reduces clearance times dramatically (e.g. from 2–3 days manually to <24 hours) through digital workflow automation. Compared to existing logistics platforms (e.g. project44 for enterprise visibility, or FlavorCloud for e-commerce shipping), our solution is distinguished by its open, multi-tenant architecture and focus on SME inclusivity. SME customers can adopt the platform with minimal upfront cost, benefiting from pay-per-use pricing and modular integration into their supply chain. The results demonstrate that our approach can significantly streamline global trade operations for SMEs, lowering costs and delays while improving supply chain transparency. We conclude that a cloud-native microservice architecture is a promising foundation for inclusive digital trade infrastructure supporting SME globalization.

As international trade grows, managing cross-border logistics becomes more complicated and riskier. This paper aims to build a secure and private risk warning system that allows different logistics partners to collaborate without sharing sensitive information. Traditional systems that try to predict these risks collect all data in one place, creating privacy issues and making it hard for companies and governments in different regions to work together. This paper proposes a framework called the Secure and Federated Logistics Risk Warning System using Federated Learning (SafeLogFL). SafeLogFL is a privacy-preserving risk alert system for cross-border logistics that ensures secure, decentralized collaboration across different entities involved in logistics. Instead of sharing sensitive data, each participant trains the model locally on its data. The locally trained model updates are then aggregated using the Federated Averaging (Fed Avg) algorithm, which ensures model convergence while maintaining data privacy. Experimental results showed an average accuracy of 91.3% and compliance with privacy laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), proving the system’s effectiveness in predicting delays, disruptions, and compliance issues. SafeLogFL provides a scalable, privacy-preserving solution for managing risks in global logistics, fostering secure collaboration between multiple parties.

: With the rapid development of global economic integration and information technology, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging model of international trade, has brought profound impact and change to traditional industries, and has become an important engine to promote the digital transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. The traditional international freight forwarding supply chain process is short and simple, while the cross-border e-commerce logistics supply chain business process is long and complex. Therefore, in the process of transformation from traditional freight forwarders to cross-border e-commerce logistics, there are insufficient supply chain integration ability, lack of reverse logistics support, imbalance of cross-border logistics network, fragmentation of data information system and other problems that need to be overcome. Based on the background of cross-border e-commerce, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the status quo and urgency of the transformation of logistics marketing strategies, summarizes and analyzes the driving forces of digital transformation, and explores feasible ways of transformation based on case analysis.

To establish the cross-border logistics hub network for China's Belt and Road Initiative, this study proposes a multi-objective hub location model that integrates two novel metrics: hub network utilization rate and hub economic stimulating effect. These metrics are formulated to evaluate resource efficiency and regional economic growth potential, respectively, and are incorporated into the optimization framework. The model is solved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) with a training population, yielding a Pareto-optimal solution of 44 international logistics hubs across the Belt and Road regions, including Asia, Europe, West Africa, Oceania, and Central America. Results demonstrate that prioritizing these two objectives significantly enhances their performance: every time doubling the cost, the hub network utilization rate increases to 1.71 times and the hub economic stimulating effect rises to 1.60 times the baseline. This highlights the model's theoretical and practical value in improving resource efficiency and fostering sustainable economic development for the Belt and Road countries at lower costs. Key management insights include advancing cross-border railroads linking China and the Middle East to integrate the China Railway Express with East China, incorporating strategic ports in Oceania and North Africa into the “21st-Century Maritime Silk Road”, enhancing seaport hubs in South China and Southern Europe, and exploring direct routes between western China and South America. These measures aim to strengthen connectivity, optimize hub utilization, and amplify economic synergies across the Belt and Road network.

The implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the upgrading of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area have boosted bilateral trade, straining cross-border logistics. The China-Vietnam (Nanning-Hanoi) corridor, relying on road, rail, and maritime multimodal transport, faces inefficiencies from volatile border clearance times, making traditional deterministic models ineffective and raising service level agreement (SLA) violation risks. To address this, we propose a cardinality-constrained Robust Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (RMILP) model with a "budget of uncertainty" parameter, balancing cost and schedule reliability without requiring precise probability distributions. Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) empirical experiments show rail becomes the robust optimum beyond uncertainty thresholds, providing decision support for logistics providers in transnational supply chains.

Under the background of fierce competition in global cross-border e-commerce, cross-border logistics has become the most important and weakest link in the whole industrial chain. Based on data mining and tracking of 357 cross-border logistics channels and 380 million waybills, this paper constructs a global cross-border logistics network with 213 countries and regions as nodes, and conducts network analysis and geographical interpretation. The results show that: (1) At present, the global cross-border logistics development has become more mature, and its overall spatial pattern presents a hub-and-spoke structure with China as the outflow core and the US as the inflow core. The connections between nodes are imbalanced, and for most countries and regions, inbound flows exceed outbound flows. (2) The global core hubs are China, the United States, the United Kingdom and Hong Kong, followed by Germany, France, Canada and India. (3) The entire network is highly connected, showing an obvious core-edge layer structure, without obvious small groups. (4) The core circle layer is China and the United States, while the half-edge circle layer and the edge circle layer contain 85 and 126 countries and regions, respectively. The overall flow direction between the circles presents a diffusion state from the inside to the outside. The long-tail effect is significant, and the regionalization degree of the edge circle is higher than that of globalization.

Cross-border e-commerce refers to a kind of international commercial activity in which trading entities belonging to different customs borders reach transactions, make payments and settlements through e-commerce platforms, and deliver commodities through cross-border logistics to complete the transactions. Based on the relevant components of cross-border logistics cost and risk, this paper applies Markowitz, Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), Value at Risk Model (VaRM), and Creditmetrics model to measure the risk of cross-border logistics, respectively. Through the cost measurement of cross-border logistics losses, a simplified logistics risk cost minimization model is derived. The model is applied to Guangxi’s cross-border logistics company M. Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the risk and cost of its cross-border logistics, respectively, and the probability of IRR>13.246% is simulated to be 32.963%, which indicates that the probability of cross-border logistics results exceeding the IRR of 13.246% given in the economic analysis is 32.963%. It can be seen in the logistics cost estimation that the mean value of the monthly logistics cost estimation of Company M is 2764000.564 yuan, and the standard deviation is 15126.36321 yuan, and after 3000 simulation operations, the logistics cost estimation has a 95% probability of falling on the interval [2572000 yuan, 2964000 yuan]. In response to the results of the simulation operations, a logistics risk and cost control strategy is proposed that is consistent with the long-term development of M Company.

In order to determine the cause of the delay that occurred in Bukit Kayu Hitam, this study examined the effectiveness of cross-border logistics from the viewpoint of a Thai logistics service provider. Thailand acts as one of the primary centres for cross-border travel since Malaysia and Thailand share a land border. As a result, cutting down on border delays can assist to grow the connection in the long run. The triangulation method is used in this study together with a qualitative approach. To obtain information, this entails conducting in-depth interviews. Several methodologies are used to examine the information obtained from respondents of logistics service provider organizations. Descriptive analysis is used to study the demographic or profile data of the organizations in order to broadly define their history. Results showed a significant relationship between all operational cross-border logistics performance dimensions, including customs department process, infrastructure, services, international shipment, tracking and tracing, and timeliness, and the capabilities of the logistics service provider, including logistics service quality and innovation capabilities. Additionally, the results of the qualitative method contribute to our understanding of the phenomena of cross-border logistics performance.

With the expansion of global trade, cross-border logistics faces challenges such as multi-party participation, trust issues, and information asymmetry. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based Relay Chain Distribution Model (BRCDM) to address critical challenges in cross-border logistics. The BRCDM framework consist of infrastructure layer, core layer, service layer and user layer. For cross-chain communication, the model introduces dual mechanisms—"cross-chain write" and "cross-chain read"—with relay chains serving as intermediate layers for data forwarding and validation. A mathematical model quantifies data accuracy metrics during relay transmission, while smart contracts dynamically allocate tasks to minimize latency and costs. Privacy protection is achieved through dual encryption, Attribute-Based Encryption and private chain isolation, ensuring data confidentiality and fine-grained access control. Experimental validation was conducted using a Hyperledger Fabric-based consortium blockchain in the China-Singapore logistics corridor. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in average message latency and a more than threefold increase in throughput compared to traditional systems. Dual encryption and hash verification effectively mitigated man-in-the-middle attacks and data tampering.

Digital transformation is revolutionizing cross-border logistics supply chains. Ecosystem-oriented railway logistics parks, serving as hubs for multimodal transport and industrial collaboration, play a crucial role in regional economic development. This paper develops a theoretical model that integrates digital assetization and intelligent empowerment in cross-border logistics. It proposes a blockchain-based mechanism for logistics data assetization and establishes a governance and collaborative innovation framework for the ecosystem. Empirical analysis of representative railway logistics parks demonstrates the positive effects of digital transformation on supply chain efficiency and risk management. This research enhances the theoretical framework for digital supply chains and offers innovative pathways and practical models for developing cross-border logistics in inland and peripheral areas.

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Based on Guangzhou Statistical Yearbook and the data sourced by other approaches during 2016-2023, this paper constructs the comprehensive system synergy evaluation model and selects index for this evaluation mode to measure qualitatively the synergy degree of cross-border e-commerce and logistics between the two in Guangzhou. Empirical results show that, both cross-border e-commerce and logistics in Guangzhou have reached a high degree of development, so they have reached a high level of synergy. Through improving the industrial chain cooperation, encouraging innovation mode and building collaborative platforms, Guangzhou can make the synergy of international e-commerce and global logistics be further enhanced.

Cross-border e-commerce Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly vulnerable to external cost shocks, such as tariff fluctuations and regulatory uncertainties. While consortium blockchain technology offers a theoretical solution for enhancing trust and efficiency, its actual adoption is hindered by the high heterogeneity of SMEs and the complex strategic interactions among ecosystem partners. This study constructs a quantitative decision-making framework to evaluate the economic feasibility of blockchain adoption under these constraints. Moving beyond simplified assumptions of “full participation,” we integrate a Monte Carlo simulation model with an evolutionary game theory approach. The model incorporates enterprise heterogeneity—distinguishing between “Digital Native” and “Traditional Transforming” firms—and quantifies the dynamic costs of partial ecosystem participation. Simulation results reveal that blockchain serves a dual function: optimizing operational efficiency in normal trade scenarios and providing critical risk hedging during tariff crises. The analysis identifies a substantial gap between theoretical and realistic adoption conditions: the efficiency threshold for breaking even is 43.84% under an ideal, fully-participating ecosystem, but rises sharply to 81.13% under realistic partial-participation scenarios. This highlights a critical nonlinear “tipping point” in ecosystem maturity. Furthermore, the value realization of blockchain is heavily dependent on the participation of key regulatory nodes (e.g., customs), where value distribution games often create adoption barriers. This research provides SMEs with a robust, multi-dimensional decision matrix and offers policymakers quantitative evidence for designing targeted non-monetary incentives, such as “customs sandboxes,” to foster ecosystem resilience.

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The critical role played by cross-border logistics (CBL) systems in sustaining fast, efficient and responsive global supply chains is widely recognised. However, scholarly research focusing on CBL systems is limited, which means that theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches available for analysing and improving CBL operations are underdeveloped. As such, coordination among diverse stakeholders, meeting regulatory requirements, adapting to a rapidly evolving technological environment, and limited capacity for investing in high-value assets, all remain ongoing challenges hindering the smooth and swift flow of cargo across borders. With a view to addressing these challenges and research gaps, this paper develops a reference model for analysing and improving CBL-specific processes. Seven underlying process dimensions have been identified following a rigorous methodological approach for the modelling, analysis and improvement of CBL operations. The efficacy of the reference model is demonstrated using two purposive case applications. The reference model also helps identify potential technological interventions to improve operations and benchmark CBL systems, operations and processes.

Within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, optimizing cross-border logistics routes is essential for enhancing the efficiency of logistics services and reducing transportation costs. This paper analyzes the current state of logistics networks in countries along the Belt and Road route, identifying major obstacles to the efficiency of cross-border logistics such as uneven infrastructure development, complex transnational policies and regulations, and significant geographical and political risks. The study further introduces the theoretical foundation of logistics route optimization and discusses the application of various optimization models and algorithms, such as linear programming and network flow analysis. The paper also highlights the role of modern technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, in route optimization. These technologies enhance route selection and freight scheduling through real-time data processing and predictive models. Based on these analyses, specific strategies and implementation suggestions are proposed to reduce transportation time and costs by optimizing the logistics network configuration.

This article proposes a cross-border logistics system based on preference recommendation algorithm, aiming to improve the logistics efficiency and customer satisfaction of cross-border e-commerce. With the deepening of globalization and the advancement of information technology revolution, cross-border e-commerce has become an important driving force for current economic development. The development of cross-border e-commerce relies on efficient and secure crossborder logistics systems to ensure that goods can be quickly and accurately delivered to consumers. Therefore, optimizing and improving the cross-border logistics system is particularly important. The research objective of this article is to provide a one-stop solution for cross-border sellers, promoting the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce business by recommending the most suitable logistics partners based on preferences and optimizing warehouse management. We use a preference recommendation algorithm based on user historical order data and preferences, and recommend the best logistics partners to users through a combination of collaborative filtering and deep learning. Detailed description of the system construction process, including data collection, data preprocessing, model building, and system implementation. We have established a preference recommendation model for crossborder logistics through data collection and preprocessing, and used this model to optimize various aspects of the cross-border logistics process. The system automatically learns feature representations of user preferences through deep learning and its effectiveness has been verified through experiments. The experimental results show that cross-border logistics systems based on preference recommendation algorithms can significantly improve logistics efficiency and customer satisfaction.

. Contemporary challenges related to the management of the movement of people and goods in border areas present us with the need for effective border control, while maintaining the fluidity and efficiency of logistics processes. This article examines the role of information systems in improving the efficiency of cross-border logistics. It focuses on the ways in which advanced information technologies can support both border control processes and the logistical aspects of the movement of goods and people at the border. Through a review of existing IT systems, case studies and analysis of practices, this article identifies key challenges, benefits and potential innovations in the area of border flow management. The conclusions of this analysis can provide valuable guidance for practitioners, policymakers and researchers interested in improving logistics processes at borders using information systems

Cross-border logistics, as a key index connecting the economic activities of different countries and regions, has become increasingly important. However, cross-border logistics industry has faced challenges such as information asymmetry, data silos, and high fraud risks, which seriously constrain the productiveness and credibility of the supply chain, increase logistics costs, and affect customer experience. As a new direction of information technology development, blockchain technology (BT) provides an innovative path to solve these problems with its unique advantages of decentralization, tamper-proof data, high transparency, and traceability. This article proposes a BT-based cross-border logistics data sharing and exchange model. This model achieves real-time sharing and full traceability of logistics information through the distributed ledger technology of blockchain, breaking down data silos and enhancing the authenticity and credibility of data. The experimental results show that the proposed cross-border logistics data sharing and exchange model enhances supply chain transparency, fosters trust among stakeholders, reduces logistics costs, and boosts customer satisfaction.

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes the need to build a strong trade nation by optimizing and upgrading goods trade, innovating service trade development mechanisms, and advancing digital trade. Cross-border e-commerce serves as a new driver for high-quality development in international trade, and its growth should progress in tandem with cross-border logistics development. This study examines the current state of cross-border logistics in Guangdong Province. It employs the DEA (BCC) model to measure cross-border e-commerce logistics efficiency, using the number of employees in transportation, warehousing, and postal services as labor input indicators, fixed asset investment as capital input indicator, and freight volume and cargo turnover as output indicators. The results show that although the efficiency of cross-border logistics in Guangdong Province has improved steadily in recent years, the speed of improvement is not obvious. At the same time, by analyzing the influence mechanism of cross-border logistics efficiency in Guangdong Province, this paper proposes to improve cross-border logistics efficiency in Guangdong Province by reducing logistics costs, optimizing logistics management, giving full play to industrial advantages, and promoting digitalization and intelligent logistics.

Abstract The scale yield function has a great influence on the study of cross-border logistics platform building and rural agricultural products e-commerce selling. This paper analyzes the main factors affecting the effect of cross-border logistics platform construction through factor analysis. Among them, platform content construction, platform service level, platform user management, platform supply chain construction, and platform development potential are the most important factors of cross-border logistics platform construction. The linear combination is used to construct a cross-border logistics platform integrating content, service, management, supply, and development. The regression method is applied to calculate the factor scores, and the assumed return to scale is applied to calculate the relevant data after the construction of the cross-border logistics platform. Seeking the maximum scale return rate is greater than 80%, the return is higher. The experiment proves that the construction of a cross-border logistics platform can expand the rural agricultural products e-commerce sales market from mainly China to parallel sales in China and European and American countries, etc., and improve the scale gain. Relying on the construction of a cross-border logistics platform, the total sales of rural agricultural products and e-commerce sales in foreign countries increased by more than 10 million, and the revenue was higher than 4.5 times of previous years. Thus, the construction of a cross-border logistics platform is conducive to expanding the market of rural agricultural products e-commerce sales and increasing rural agricultural products e-commerce sales.

Abstract Based on industrial integration theory and system theory, this paper combines the development characteristics of e-commerce and cross-border logistics, utilizes the entropy weight method to assign weights to the indicators, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation model of e-commerce and cross-border logistics. Measure the coupling degree and integration degree of e-commerce and cross-border logistics. Using the multiple regression method to comprehensively study the technique of variable correlation and the important measures of the link between each variable, thus put forward optimization strategies for the logistics supply chain model, enterprise scale, and other aspects. The results of the analysis show that the proportion of cross-border e-commerce import transaction scale reached 22.7% in 2023, which increased 1.29 times compared with 2019, and the proportion of cross-border e-commerce import transactions continued to increase. In the analysis of the factors of the industrial integration of e-commerce and cross-border logistics, the influence of information network technology (0.108), the influence of platform resources, and the degree of influence of manufacturing technology occupy the top 3 places, which are the elements to focus on. Enterprise performance is significantly impacted by the economic level of the host province through regression analysis, with a coefficient of 0.1847 and significant at the 10% level. The evaluation value of the logistics alliance model is the best (comprehensive evaluation of 0.384), and it is most in line with the current development needs of cross-border e-commerce companies.

To enhance cross-border logistics service quality and build a trustworthy and transparent service ecosystem, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving cross-border logistics enterprises, governments, and consumers. Considering operational reliability and information transparency, this paper explores the strategic interactions among stakeholders and the sensitivity of key influencing factors through evolutionary stable strategy analysis and numerical simulation. The results indicate four typical evolutionary scenarios: regulatory silos, feedback failure, administrative dominance, and collaborative governance. The government’s willingness to regulate is positively correlated with the service quality provided by logistics enterprises. Positive consumer feedback strengthens social supervision and exerts a substitution effect on government regulation. Improving operational reliability reduces enterprises compliance costs, driving improvements in logistics service quality. Information transparency can increase the implicit costs of low-quality service providers by empowering consumers’ feedback. While simple reward–punishment mechanisms or consumer compensation may generate short-term benefits, they may weaken the governance effectiveness of other stakeholders, potentially inducing regulatory inertia or false feedback.

Globalization and cross-border e-commerce are growing fast, and the logistics between China and the United States becomes very important in world trade. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been more and more used in this area. It mainly shows in forecasting, automation, and controlling risk. This paper talks about how AI is used in China–U.S. cross-border logistics now, and also what problems appear. It compares two countries: China usually pays attention to practice in real scene, while the U.S. pays more attention to innovation from technology side. AI not only helps daily work become more efficient, but also is related to sustainability, openness, and digital change in supply chain. But there are still many difficulties, such as different rules in different places, high cost to use AI, and not fair access to new technology. The paper thinks that future progress needs both countries to work together in standard management, and training people.

In the context of the deep integration of global supply chains, the accurate prediction of cross-border logistics timeliness and the systematic analysis of reliability have become core issues for optimizing supply chain resilience and efficiency. This study first abstracts the cross-border logistics system as a complex network with scale-free characteristics, analyzing its topological structure, multimodal coordination mechanisms, and the transmission pathways of external uncertainties, thereby clarifying the systemic causes of timeliness fluctuations. Subsequently, it constructs an engineering framework that integrates machine learning time-series prediction algorithms with multi-source heterogeneous data features, focusing on model adaptability, interpretability, and the propagation mechanisms of prediction errors. On this basis, a multi-dimensional dynamic reliability assessment system is proposed, which identifies vulnerable nodes in the network from the perspective of supply chain resilience, ultimately forming an integrated decision-support framework that links timeliness prediction with reliability assessment. This research aims to provide a systematic theoretical methodology for quantifying the performance of cross-border logistics systems, enabling proactive risk management and optimizing operational decision-making.

With the increasing complexity of cross-border logistics, many problems have emerged, including a lack of transparency, inefficient data sharing, and risks of fraud and poor management. To address these issues, this article proposes a blockchain based architecture that integrates licensed blockchain technology with smart contracts. This framework automates compliance and audit processes while ensuring secure and immutable data sharing among authorized stakeholders. These significant improvements include real-time audit protocols supported by on chain data anchoring methods, as well as optimized practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant (PBFT) consensus mechanisms to enhance scalability and reduce latency. The experimental results conducted on a testing platform based on Hyperledger Fabric showed that under dynamic transaction loads, transparency increased by 37% and transaction latency was less than two seconds. The proposed system ensures data integrity and operational accountability through the use of advanced encryption technology and trigger based auditing mechanisms. This study emphasizes that blockchain technology enhances trust, cooperation, and compliance in global supply chains by providing scalable, secure, and efficient frameworks, thereby changing the possibilities of cross-border logistics.

Given that North American cross-border logistics account for 7.3% of global carbon emissions and enterprises are confronted with the practical dilemma of “high decarbonization costs,” coupled with the existing research focusing predominantly on single transportation modes and the failure to internalize carbon costs, this study embarks on a novel approach by internalizing carbon costs. It constructs a carbon footprint-sensitive multimodal transportation path algorithm. Leveraging 1.5 million freight waybills data from five core cross-border corridors in North America (two U.S.-Canada and three U.S.-Mexico) between 2021 and 2023, this study calculates the unit carbon emission coefficients for dry goods, cold chain, and hazardous materials under maritime, rail, and road transportation modes. A cost-carbon balanced optimization model is established with dual objectives of minimizing comprehensive costs and carbon emissions. The empirical case analysis of electronic components transportation across the U.S.-Mexico border at El Paso-Juarez reveals that the optimized path combining maritime and rail transportation, compared with the traditional road-dominated path, can achieve a 40.6% reduction in carbon emissions (monthly carbon emissions decreased from 1,280tCO₂ to 760tCO₂), with a net cost increase of only 3.2%. When the carbon price rises to USD 100 per ton of CO₂, the model automatically increases the proportion of rail transportation to 65%, achieving a decarbonization rate of 58%. The study confirms that internalizing carbon costs can effectively balance the economic efficiency and environmental decarbonization goals of North American cross-border logistics. The substitution of some road transportation by maritime and rail transportation is identified as the core path for regional logistics decarbonization. The large-scale promotion of this path across the top ten cross-border corridors in North America has an annual decarbonization potential of 1.42 million tons of CO₂.

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Hong Kong, as a free trade port and the world's largest cargo aviation hub, plays a crucial role in China's cross-border e-commerce international logistics. Connected by land with Guangdong, the facilitation of customs clearance between the two regions will greatly enhance the logistics efficiency of cross-border e-commerce. This article focuses on the research of the full-chain customs clearance process for transportation vehicles and cross-border e-commerce goods in the Guangdong-Hong Kong region. Taking the example of the export of cross-border e-commerce goods transported by Guangdong-Hong Kong vehicles (code 9610), it elaborates on the declaration and inspection norms for manifests, customs declarations, etc., for cross-border e-commerce goods in both Guangdong and Hong Kong sections. By analyzing the functions and system boundaries of the manifest systems in Guangdong and Hong Kong, as well as the international trade single window and the road systems in Hong Kong, it proposes a solution for integrating the customs information systems of Guangdong and Hong Kong. This solution aims to establish a full-chain intelligent customs clearance information system with intelligent classification, intelligent document preparation, intelligent risk control, and intelligent inspection. Leveraging technologies such as OCR and natural language analysis, it aims to realize the "one declaration, two reports, intelligent customs clearance" between Guangdong and Hong Kong.

From 1 July 2021, new rules for value-added tax (VAT) on imports of postal and courier items entered into force in the member states of the European Union (EU). With the changes in the tax legislation of the member states, two thresholds for VAT taxation of postal and courier items from third countries have been introduced: the first for goods less than or equal to EUR150 and the second for goods above EUR150. These goods are subject to distance sale (i.e. internet sales to individuals in the EU) and are with a natural person. Three types of customs clearance are now possible for shipments in the first threshold — a standard declaration procedure, a special regime for declaration with deferred payment of import tax, and an Import One-Stop-Shop scheme (IOSS). These options greatly facilitate both importers and customs authorities, but at the same time, they create some new challenges for customs authorities, which need to be addressed. The customs formalities currently in force do not sufficiently cover the risks of fraud and error, as full physical control of these consignments is not possible. The Republic of Bulgaria is a relatively small market in the global online trade of low-value shipments, but the application of the new regulations shows certain trends in the processing of these shipments.

Purpose – There is a paucity of literature dealing with exporters’ compliance issues in e-commerce exports. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by exploring customs initiatives to facilitate the e-commerce exports of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the changed compliance environment. The central question of this study was divided into five subquestions: first regarding the pros and cons of trade facilitation measures for Korean e-commerce export clearance; second and third questions about risk and compliance management for facilitation fourth about instruments, the changes in Korean SME compliance burden in e-commerce exports, and ways to improve trade facilitation for e-commerce exports. Design/methodology – This study adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method to understand the SME experience in Korean e-commerce export compliance procedures. A qualitative method was selected to answer research questions requiring an in-depth understanding of the regulatory procedures of customs administration and exporters’ compliance burden. Because this study addresses the changing compliance environment for which statistical data is insufficient, a quantitative method is considered inappropriate. Based on the approach, data were collected using multiple sources, including an extensive literature review, interviews, and field observations. Thematic pattern matching was applied to interpret the data. Findings – This study examined ways to support SMEs in the changed e-commerce export compliance environment. Facilitation measures for e-commerce exports have contributed to SME access to global markets, simplifying export clearance procedures, and saving exporters’ compliance costs. However, such instruments are limited in promoting SME compliance capabilities to cope with intensified competition and strengthened controls over foreign exporters in cross-border e-commerce. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of reshaping facilitation measures for e-commerce exports based on risk and compliance management theories to a system encouraging exporters’ voluntary compliance. Originality/value – This study’s academic significance derives from verifying the relationship between trade facilitation instruments and risk and compliance management procedures using an actual case in Korea. It is also of practical importance in navigating the directions for improving facilitation measures for e-commerce exports in a changed compliance environment.

On December 2025, Hainan Free Trade Port officially launched full-island customs closure operations, marking a new stage in China's opening up to the outside world. The customs closure implements an innovative supervision model of "first-line liberalization, second-line control, and free flow within the island", coupled with a policy system of "zero tariff, low tax rate, and simplified tax system", exerting comprehensive and in-depth impacts on cross-border e-commerce enterprises. From four core dimensions—adjustments to tax policies, optimization of supply chain efficiency, innovation in industrial integration, and expansion of market opportunities—this paper systematically analyzes the impact mechanism of Hainan Island's customs closure on cross-border e-commerce enterprises by integrating typical cases of cross-border e-commerce enterprises and using key data such as customs clearance efficiency, cost reduction, and transaction scale. Corresponding countermeasures for enterprises are proposed to provide references for cross-border e-commerce enterprises to seize the opportunities brought by customs closure and achieve high-quality development.

In the digital world, borders between countries are fading, and many people keep making more and more online purchases, often from offshore vendors. Cross-border e-commerce is a game-changer for international trade but poses serious challenges for traditional customs procedures. As the number of parcels continues to grow rapidly, customs authorities around the world strive to balance between effective revenue collection, trade facilitation, and proper safety controls. At the EU level, significant revenue losses and competition distortion have led to changes in VAT rules with a key policy objective to fight tax fraud in e-commerce and reduce the administrative burden of VAT collection. The VAT e-commerce package that came into force on July 1, 2021, includes measures on imports of low-value goods from third countries. The adopted solution imposes liability on digital platforms that play a crucial role in the rise of B2C internet sales. This article provides an overview of e-commerce global trends and challenges, international organizations’ initiatives, emerging technology pilots, as well as best practices. It also offers a critical description of the new EU VAT provisions that have a severe effect on customs. Moreover, it describes the design, functional, and interoperability specifications of a proposed web-based application that enables buyers to lodge customs declarations themselves, aiming for improved transparency on import-related charges and more effective e-government at a more general level through the digital transformation of customs clearance. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-024 Full Text: PDF

Existing cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) logistics supply chain risk assessment often adopts deterministic mathematical model methods, ignoring the uncertainty and fuzziness of data, resulting in inaccurate results and difficulty in adapting to the changing market. To this end, this article uses fuzzy logic to construct a risk assessment model to solve these problems. By identifying systemic risks in CBEC logistics, risk factors are comprehensively identified and classified, and a comprehensive evaluation indicator system is constructed. Using fuzzy logic methods, a risk assessment framework is built. To enhance the reliability of the evaluation and ensure the consistency and integrity of the data, the entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of each indicator. A fuzzy logic model is established, and a four-layer evaluation model is established for logistics process, environment, information flow, and customs clearance risks using membership functions to effectively deal with uncertainty. The fuzzy reasoning rule base is optimized to improve the solution efficiency and accuracy, and flexibly adapt to complex supply chain environments. Fuzzy subsets of input variables are defined, and the control rule base is improved. The centroid method is used to defuzzify to ensure the clarity of the model results. The research results show that the average risk identification accuracy of the CBEC logistics supply chain risk assessment model based on fuzzy logic is 94.16%; the average MSE (mean square error) of risk assessment is 0.025; the average response time and sensitivity are 0.691 seconds and 97.30% respectively; the average stability reaches 0.944. The results show that the CBEC logistics risk assessment model based on fuzzy logic can more precisely support enterprise risk management and enhance its competitiveness in the changing international trade environment.

In this paper, an evaluation indicator system for cross-border export e-commerce logistics providers is proposed. The indicator system considers four dimensions: company profile, service capability, service quality, and degree of informatization. And it incorporates objective criteria with strong industry characteristics to improve the practical applicability. A combined weighting model is proposed based on the Bayesian best-worst method (BBWM) and the entropy weight method. The grey relational TOPSIS method is then applied to evaluate logistics providers. Empirical results indicate that service capability is the most critical factor, followed by service quality and company profile, while the impact of degree of informatization is minimal. Key criteria such as customs clearance agent in destination country and self-operated vehicle fleet in destination country should be given particular attention. While large-scale logistics providers generally perform better, companies with stringent cost control requirements may also consider small-scale logistics providers with competitive strengths in individual dimension of logistics capability.

The continuous evolution of domestic and international economic environments presents new opportunities for e-commerce development. The rapid advancement of cross-border e-commerce has significantly propelled logistics growth, yet this progress is constrained by the efficiency and quality of logistics operations. This study analyzes the dilemmas faced by cross-border e-commerce in logistics and synthesizes the risks encountered by the logistics industry. Risks are categorized into operational risks, customs clearance risks, and external environmental risks, alongside thirteen influencing factors. A risk evaluation index is established using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyze the weights of these factors. Finally, a comparative analysis is conducted based on perspectives from Taiwan and mainland China, providing actionable countermeasures for cross-border logistics operations.

The RCEP officially came into effect in China in 2021, promoting trade between countries in the region and providing new opportunities for the development of cross border e-commerce (CBEC) in China. This article takes the signing of the RCEP agreement as the background and explores in depth the intermediary effect of RCEP in Chinese CBEC trade facilitation. It is found that RCEP plays a fully mediating role in the impact of logistics environment on CBEC trade facilitation. At the same time, factors such as payment environment, legal environment, customs clearance environment, policy environment and regulatory environment have also had an impact on the facilitation of CBEC trade, among which RCEP also plays mediating role. This finding provides strong evidence for a deeper understanding of the role of RCEP in facilitating CBEC trade.

With the booming development of the cross-border e-commerce industry, the last-mile delivery stage encounters several core challenges multiple interwoven constraints, extremely strict timeliness requirements, and difficulty balancing customer satisfaction with operational efficiency. Taking a cross-border apparel e-commerce platform as a case study during a Black Friday promotion, insufficient consideration of factors such as customs-clearance delays and urban morning-peak traffic congestion in last-mile route planning caused 30% of orders to miss the promised 24-hour delivery window and led to a 15% return rate. This resulted in direct economic losses and damaged brand image. To resolve this problem, this study proposes a dynamic optimization approach based on multi-objective reinforcement learning. We construct a multi-dimensional reward function system that integrates a hard time-window constraint mechanism, customer-demand priority assessment, and real-time traffic-flow sensing. The scheme distinguishes between customer-specified delivery time windows and customs-inspection cutoff windows, and determines customer demand priority by comprehensively considering indicators such as order value, membership level, and expedited (rush) attributes. Using a hierarchical reinforcement learning framework and cooperative training of value and policy networks, the method attains Pareto-optimal solutions across multiple objectivesdelivery cost, on-time performance, and customer satisfaction. Experimental results show that, compared with traditional static optimization methods such as genetic algorithms and ant colony algorithms, the proposed method outperforms on several key metrics: delivery cost was reduced by 18.3% (mainly due to precise calculation of fuel-consumption differences on cross-border segments and optimized selection of mixed expressway/ordinary-road routes); on-time delivery rate increased by 22.7% (owing to the hierarchical architectures lower-level executor which can rapidly respond to contingencies such as customs-inspection delays); and customer satisfaction improved by 15.4% (resulting from the reward functions scientific integration of multidimensional evaluation indicators such as package integrity and delivery-person service attitude). The proposed method successfully addresses the global optimization problem under multi-objective conflict and provides important theoretical support and technical solutions for the intelligent transformation of last-mile delivery in cross-border logistics.

Traditional customs clearance processes for goods arriving in ports or at border crossings involve declaration, inspection, revenue collection, and release procedures focused in time and space at the point of arrival. This paradigm for government management of cross-border trade in goods has been incrementally impacted in the 21st century by change drivers ranging from heightened concerns about security and safety risks in international supply chains to the increasingly sophisticated use of prearrival data collection and IT automation in border management processes. Over the past decade, the rapid growth of online retailing, sometimes referred to as e-commerce, has led to an exponential increase in goods, often individually packaged, shipped directly from the seller to consumer. Existing border clearance models for international goods shipments were established in the context of an environment dominated by business-to-business commercial shipments of cargo for further distribution (for example, by retailers) in the country of destination. The rapidly expanding volume of cross-border direct-to-consumer shipments generates large numbers of small package consignments, presenting a challenge for existing goods clearance models in many countries. Contemporary border clearance processes may not be ideally suited to the rapidly expanding volumes of such shipments, and the limited reporting requirements often associated with such consignments may make effective risk management and revenue collection very difficult for governments. Border management modernisation initiatives spearheaded by multilateral organisations have generated some clarity in confirming that e-commerce’s effects do challenge traditional border clearance models, highlighting many of the underlying issues, but they have not generated a clear path forward on policy solutions. As a result, individual countries have been re-examining their national border clearance processes and are starting to take actions to tackle the e-commerce border clearance challenge on their own, highlighting the need for further multilateral work in this area to develop a consensus on policy measures to address the border management concerns identified.

This research is on supply chain efficiency of e-commerce industry. this research is on specific company for get idea about all e-commerce platform. Amazon company is one of the largest ecommerce companies in the world with extensive market capitalization. We are going to know that how amazon company maintain its supply and orders with their demands. There are mainly four key elements for efficient supply chain is integration, operation, purchasing and distribution. With supply chain efficiency, amazon will pick up inventory from manufacturing facilities around the world, ship it across borders, handle customs clearance and ground transportation, store inventory in bulk, manage replenishment across amazon and other sales channels, and driver directly to customer. All without seller having to worry about managing their supply chain. The new solution allows sellers to spend more time building great products, delighting customers, and growing their business, while amazon handles the logistics, improves delivery speed and reduce costs for sellers

PurposeAs China’s e-commerce and cross-border e-commerce rapidly develop, the cross-border e-commerce supply chain exhibits characteristics of globalized development scale, collaborative multiparty participation, streamlined management processes, digitalized production and trade and flexible strategic choices. It tends toward data-driven intelligence, interoperable information collaboration, personalized order responses, sustainable supply chain management and secure blockchain technology. These characteristics and trends provide critical references for businesses, governments and investors.Design/methodology/approachIn response to issues such as inconsistent legal regulations, imbalanced logistics and transportation, imperfect payment settlements and opaque supply chains.FindingsIt is recommended to take measures to strengthen cooperation and communication, optimize logistics, reduce customs clearance difficulties, reinforce safeguard measures and promote sustainable development, collectively fostering the healthy growth of cross-border e-commerce.Originality/valueWith the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, green and low-carbon initiatives have become a significant trend in this sector. The cross-border e-commerce supply chain refers to the mechanism that reduces environmental impacts and enhances resource efficiency from manufacturers to consumers. It primarily involves manufacturers, e-commerce platforms, logistics companies and payment and settlement processes. The cross-border e-commerce supply chain is gradually becoming a highlight in China’s foreign trade, supporting the concept of “buying globally and selling globally” and connecting the “world’s factory” with the “world’s market.”

The development of international e-commerce has expanded opportunities for business and consumption in Kazakhstan and worldwide. However, these rapid changes have challenged the governments’ regulation of the flow of cross-border goods, ranging from clearance to customs duty and taxes collection. Among concerns is the flow of low-value consignments, the impact of which had previously been seen as beneficial. This paper examines whether cross-border e-commerce and the de minimis threshold are advantageous in Kazakhstan based on context, description, cause-and-effect and statistical analysis. The findings show a partial impact of de minimis threshold changes on the increase in retail e-commerce goods imported and on the decrease in the value of mis-declared goods; however, in Kazakhstan the consequences from the import of mis-declared low-value goods on the tax revenue are insignificant. Misuse of the de minimis threshold in Kazakhstan is confirmed by the study. Government actions for solving this problem involve giving higher priority to people’s access to higher quality and/or cheaper personal use goods. Also, the potential for further improvement of statistics on cross-border e-commerce is identified.

As international e-commerce expands so quickly, cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) is becoming more and more important to China's exports. This study attempts to investigate the effect of free trade zones (FTZs) on the global competitiveness based on the FTZ. A thorough analysis of the ideas surrounding FTZs and CBEC allows for the clarification of the fundamental research framework and the application of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The development strategy of CBEC is finally presented. After a review of the advantages of FTZ policies (such as expediting the customs clearance process, lowering trade barriers, improving logistics efficiency, etc.) and the disadvantages of CBEC policies (such as increasing market competition, diversifying the international market), and unpredictable regulatory policies: formulate and improve the relevant policies, strengthen the construction of the CBEC service platform, expand the scope of the CBEC comprehensive pilot zone, improve the financial service system, and cultivate the interdisciplinary talents needed for CBEC.

With the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, the logistics system behind it faces various challenges such as complex routes, diverse transportation modes, and unpredictable customs clearance procedures. To address these challenges, this study proposes a design and simulation of an intelligent cross-border e-commerce logistics system based on genetic algorithm technology of artificial intelligence.The proposed system utilizes genetic algorithm techniques to optimize the logistics route planning, transportation mode selection, and customs clearance process. The genetic algorithm is employed to search for the optimal combination of routes, transportation modes, and customs procedures, considering various factors such as cost, time, and reliability. The system takes into account real-time data, including transportation costs, transit times, customs regulations, and historical shipment information, to make informed decisions and continuously improve the logistics efficiency.The simulation of the proposed system is conducted using historical cross-border e-commerce shipment data. The system is evaluated based on performance metrics such as transportation cost, delivery time, and customer satisfaction. The results demonstrate that the intelligent cross-border e-commerce logistics system based on genetic algorithm technology can effectively optimize the logistics process, reduce costs, and improve customer satisfaction.

As one of the largest free trade agreements globally, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has had a profound impact on the Cross-Border E-Commerce sector. This study uses JD International as a case study and employs literature review and case analysis to explore the specific effects of RCEP on Cross-Border E-Commerce platforms. The research findings indicate that since the implementation of RCEP, JD International has experienced a 27.8% increase in total sales of imported goods, with particularly significant growth in sales from Southeast Asian countries. Additionally, the average customs clearance and logistics time for imported goods on JD International have notably decreased by 15% and 20%, respectively. The study also analyzes operational model adjustments and innovations at JD International within the context of RCEP, as well as the opportunities and challenges it faces, while proposing targeted development strategies. This research provides foundational evidence for understanding how RCEP shapes new competitive dynamics in Cross-Border E-Commerce and offers insights for strategic adjustments and business optimization for not only JD International but also other Cross-Border E-Commerce platforms.

Purpose: This study analyzes the growth trends of e-Commerce platforms and the direct damage caused to domestic consumers by China's e-Commerce platform offensive, and presents countermeasures to improve the problems. Research design, data, and methodology: This study analyzes related literature reviews. Results: Problems caused by the growth of e-Commerce platforms include increased illegal imports, increased consumer damage, increased smuggling and customs evasion, personal information protection issues, and infringement of intellectual property rights, which have increased to a serious level. The increase in illegal imports under the guise of overseas direct purchase and the increase in customs evasion through undervalue are causing serious damage to the national economy and are causing turbulence in the customs clearance order, adversely affecting the sound customs clearance culture. Conclusions: The government's active efforts are needed to further strengthen penalties under the Customs Act and establish a sound customs clearance order through continuous promotion and information provision. In addition, damage to consumers due to the proliferation of purchasing agents is increasing at a serious level, and improvements to the customs law system are needed to resolve these problems. Lastly, due to the increase in cross-border e-commerce, we must come up with a response plan to protect the personal information of Korean citizens collected by overseas e-commerce platforms and eradicate the import of harmful goods by strengthening the certification system

—With the rapid development of the Internet, the sales model of goods has changed. The prosperity of cross-border e-commerce has brought new challenges to traditional customs regulation. Under the impact of the new trade model such as cross-border e-commerce, China's customs' existing regulatory rules and tariff system have to be improved. There are conflicts between Law enforcement rights of customs and the interests of administrative counterparts. China makes efforts to construct service-oriented customs; customs enforcement of cross-border e-commerce needs more supervision. Therefore, improving the level of customs clearance services and rationally optimizing the customs taxation system are realistic solutions to problems brought about by cross-border e-commerce trade.

Due to the rapid development of the internet, cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) is gaining popularity. With CBEC, consumers from different countries can overcome the limits of languages and currencies to buy desired products directly. However, compared to domestic e-commerce, CBEC confronts significant challenges, such as risky distribution channels, dependency on third-party logistics, customs clearance, etc. Therefore, multi-faceted efforts are needed to promote CBEC. Traditional studies probe CBEC through a logistics and operational perspective; this study bridges a research gap by stressing a human–computer interaction perspective. Under the premise that technical infrastructure keeps improving, consumers’ expectations of switching to CBEC has been an essential issue. Specifically, this study develops a theoretical model that emphasizes website cues as experienced utility and the perceived effectiveness of e-commerce institutional mechanisms (PEEIM) as decision utility to investigate their effects on the purchase intention of CBEC. This study applied Smart PLS 3.0 to verify the research model with 300 valid responses from online questionnaires. Research findings confirmed the proposed model. Practical strategies for promoting CEBC were suggested accordingly.

In recent years cross-border e-commerce has been developing rapidly worldwide, and its growth rate is much higher than that of traditional foreign trade, which has become a new driving force for the development of many countries’ foreign trade. Despite the fact that cross-border e-commerce trade is more convenient and flexible than traditional international trade, its development is still limited by hidden trade barriers such as low port efficiency, complex customs clearance procedures, dis-transparent policies and regulations, and many others. Based on the perspective of trade facilitation, this paper reviews the relevant theories about trade facilitation, discusses the relationship between trade facilitation and the development of cross-border e-commerce; and in order to find out the impact that trade facilitation has on cross-border e-commerce this paper also explains the impact mechanism of trade facilitation on cross-border e-commerce based on both the import and export flow chart of cross-border e-commerce. Based on the relevant trade facilitation theories this paper gives an overview of the basic structure of trade facilitation evaluation system from a two-level indicator approach, including four first level indicators, namely port efficiency, customs environment, institutional environment, e-commerce application, and sixteen second level indicators derived from the four fist level indicators. Finally, this paper proposes some recommendations on how to improve trade facilitation in terms of the four fist-level evaluation indicators with the hope of maximizing the positive effects that trade facilitation has on cross-border e-commerce.

Nowadays, countries in the world have frequent economic exchanges, and the scale of cross-border E-Commerce (CBEC) is getting larger and larger. CBEC refers to trading, payment, logistics, customs clearance, and other transactions. It also refers to the services between countries or regions through Internet technology and e-commerce platforms. In this article, the authors proposed a consumer preference model by blockchain and topic similarity clustering to obtain more consumer preference information. First, this article builds a blockchain-based consumer information collection system for CBEC to extract various features of consumers in CBEC. Secondly, by improving the performance of multiple characteristics of consumers, the accuracy of consumer preference prediction is improved. Finally, a method of consumer preference prediction based on topic similarity clustering is proposed to obtain consumers' purchase preference types. Experimental results show that the method can reach 84.3% of the H-mean, getting the best predictive performance and assisting CBEC by predicting consumer preferences.

The article examines the impact of the abolition of the de minimis duty-free regime in the United States on the transformation of transport flows in international e-commerce in the context of the digitalization of global trade. It is demonstrated that the rapid expansion of simplified customs clearance procedures for low-value shipments, driven by the increase in the duty-free threshold, has led to the emergence of a distinct transport and customs import framework oriented toward mass deliveries via international postal and express channels under the direct-to-consumer model. It is established that this shift has reoriented the traditional model of customs regulation from the control of large consignments to the management of millions of small parcels, significantly complicating the implementation of the state’s fiscal and security functions. The study analyzes the institutional and economic drivers behind the abolition of the de minimis regime, including the growth of import volumes, losses in budget revenues, risks associated with illicit trade, and increased competitive pressure from global e-commerce platforms. The paper substantiates that the elimination of de minimis triggers a structural reconfiguration of transport and logistics flows, including a trend toward cargo consolidation, the development of warehousing infrastructure within the importing country, and the growing importance of domestic distribution networks. It is argued that, under these new conditions, the transport system ceases to function solely as a physical channel for the movement of goods and instead transforms into an integral component of customs infrastructure, facilitating the collection, processing, and transmission of data required for customs control. The increasing role of carriers, postal operators, and digital platforms as participants in customs compliance is emphasized, particularly in terms of ensuring data accuracy and the timely calculation of customs duties. The article concludes that contemporary customs regulation is increasingly evolving into a system for managing information flows within logistics chains, where the effectiveness of control is determined by the level of digitalization, data standardization, and the integration of customs and transport processes. This transformation is critical for shaping effective trade policy and ensuring the economic security of the state.

This article analyzes the organizational principles of international e-commerce logistics in Azerbaijan and the functional features of the last-mile delivery model. The study explains the integration of border crossing, customs clearance, warehousing, and distribution stages in the formation of e-commerce flows. It is argued that the last-mile stage is the part that has the greatest impact on delivery costs and service quality. Problems such as traffic jams in urban environments, address system inequity, order collection during peak hours, and courier resource planning are assessed. The article compares the advantages and disadvantages of postal networks, private courier services, and hybrid delivery approaches. The potential for the application of solutions such as digital tracking, route optimization, and micro-distribution centers is shown. As a result, parallel development of infrastructure, data exchange, and service standards is recommended to increase the efficiency of the last mile.

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on China’s foreign trade. Therefore, the Chinese government has proposed a “dual cycle” policy to promote economic development. In 2021, China’s cross-border e-commerce B2B exports accounted for 60 percent. Therefore, this paper studies the impact of government actions on the development of cross-border e-commerce B2B export enterprises under the background of “dual cycle” policy. First, the policies related to the cross-border e-commerce industry in the “dual circulation” policy are screened, and the LDA topic model is used to classify them, i.e., sorting by topic intensity as “fiscal policy”, “tax policy”, “customs clearance policy”, “payment policy” and “talent policy”. After that, based on the analysis results of the LDA topic model, a theoretical basis for the impact of different policies on cross-border e-commerce B2B export companies is established; then an evolutionary game model between the government and cross-border e-commerce B2B export enterprises is constructed. This article also carried out experiments to verify our analysis. The simulation results show that: (1) The government’s appropriate increase in subsidies, tax incentives, infrastructure investment, talent introduction and cultivation, optimized payment system, and supervision can promote enterprises to participate in cross-border e-commerce B2B export trading; (2) excessive government supervision reduces enterprises’ enthusiasm to participate in cross-border e-commerce B2B export trading; (3) the government’s subsidies, tax incentives, and supervision strength have the greatest impact on whether enterprises participate in cross-border e-commerce B2B export trading, followed by the government’s investment in cross-border e-commerce infrastructure, the introduction and cultivation of cross-border e-commerce talents, and the improvement of the payment system. Finally, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations to promote the development of cross-border e-commerce B2B export enterprises.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are widely used in risk identification. Cross-border e-commerce platforms have increasingly become the best channel for global consumers to make purchases; however, with the surge in orders comes the risk of online purchases. Extensive quantitative data was collected through surveys and used for correlational studies that identify eight major risk factors, which are sales risk, cash/capital flow risk, market risk, customs clearance risk, shipping and delivery risk, environmental risk, logistics risk, and return risk. We then rated three online e-commerce platforms-Amazon, Ebay and Shopify-using AHP hierarchical analysis. The large number of survey responses collected, combined with the AHP scoring matrix we constructed, led to the conclusion that Shopify's online shopping risk is largest, followed by Ebay and Amazon. Based on this, we further establish and utilize BPNN neural network to predict the risk level of each website. The results show that the neural network trained in this paper has high accuracy and can be used for international e-commerce platform risk identification and evaluation.

As a main new business model of Internet plus foreign trade, cross-border e-commerce has become an important way and breakthrough for China creating new foreign trade requirements in Internet economy. Cross-border supply chain management is one of the most important supports for cross-border e-commerce. Compared with domestic e-commerce, the supply chain of cross-border e-commerce faces more risks. In order to effectively identify and avoid the operational risks in the cross-border e-commerce supply chain, this article firstly analyzes the cross-border e-commerce supply chain risks from the operation process of the cross-border e-commerce supply chain. The risks include product selection management risks, cross-border transaction risks, and customs clearance risks that exist in the operation of cross-border e-commerce. Secondly, the cross-border e-commerce supply chain risk evaluation index system is established based on the risk elements. Finally, the risk evaluation is carried out through the FUZZY-ISM evaluation method, and the internal connection of each risk factor and the risk generation mechanism are revealed through structural model analysis, which provides a theoretical reference for cross-border e-commerce enterprise supply chain risk management.

This study analyzes the implementation of Minister of Finance Regulation No. 96/PMK.04/2023 which mandates electronic data integration between Electronic System Trading Platforms (PPMSE) and the Directorate General of Customs and Excise for transactions exceeding 1000 shipments. Using a quantitative approach with explanatory and evaluative design, the research involved 178 PPMSE platforms and 87 DJBC officials as respondents. Results show implementation success rate of 89.6% with compliance rate improvement from 64.7% to 92.4%. The 1000-shipment threshold proved highly effective with 94.3% coverage ratio of total cross-border e-commerce transaction value. Implementation generated state revenue increase of IDR 5,198.8 billion (65.1%) with benefit-cost ratio of 14.17:1. Operational efficiency improved significantly through clearance processing time reduction from 72.4 hours to 18.6 hours and 89.8% officer productivity increase. Enforcement mechanisms demonstrated high effectiveness with 97.7% case resolution rate and 93.8% post-sanction compliance. The system built has scalability up to 300% transaction volume and has become regional best practice. PMK 96/2023 successfully created sustainable digital taxation transformation with positive impacts on transparency, efficiency, and competitiveness of Indonesia's e-commerce ecosystem.

The rapid growth of China-based e-commerce (C-commerce) has led to a sharp increase in cross-border direct purchases, resulting in a substantial inflow of packaging waste into Korea without a clear management framework. Using 2024 itemized customs clearance data, the volume of packaging waste generated through C-commerce is estimated at a minimum of 24,413 tons. With the 2030 ban on direct landfilling of municipal solid waste approaching, such uncontrolled inflows pose a significant burden on domestic sorting and treatment facilities. Under the current Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system, established by the Act on the Promotion of Saving and Recycling of Resources, obligations are limited to domestic manufacturers and authorized importers, effectively excluding overseas sellers from regulatory oversight. This structural limitation allows foreign operators to free-ride on environmental costs and exacerbates regulatory blind spots in waste management. As an alternative, this study examines the European Union’s Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR), which preemptively legislates environmental responsibility for offshore sellers, to derive insights for platform-based regulatory enforcement. Based on this analysis, the study proposes a “Korean EPR Enforcement Structure Extension Model,” which integrates: (1) an Authorised Representative system, (2) the Korea One-Stop Shop (K-OSS), and (3) Functionally differentiated Producer Responsibility Organization (Type-C PRO). The proposed model incorporates cross-border distribution into the domestic regulatory framework, offering a concrete policy alternative for future EPR system design.

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Purpose: Recently, the market share of Chinese e-commerce platforms in Korea has been rapidly increasing, leading to a growth in the volume of Chinese maritime express cargo imports under list customs clearance. As a result, consumers are able to purchase a wide variety of goods at low cost regardless of time and place; however, with the rise in the number of import entries, several problems have emerged. Research design, data, and methodology: The analysis period was January 2014 to December 2024, and the volume of Chinese maritime express cargo imports under list customs clearance was forecast using the ARIMA model. To improve the accuracy of the forecasts, the auto_arima function from the pmdarima package in Python was employed to estimate the optimal parameter values. After deriving the cargo volume forecast, accuracy of the results was validated by comparing them with the actual data. Results: Based on the data of Chinese maritime express cargo entries under list customs clearance imported into Korea from January 2014 to December 2024, the number of entries was projected through December 2027, and the results indicate a continued increase until 2027. Conclusions: As Chinese maritime express cargo under list customs clearance increases, several issues have emerged, including the importation of non-standardized cargo, the inflow of scam cargo and unreported cargo, abuse of the de minimis tax exemption system, and concerns regarding cargo safety. This study proposes improvements to address these problems, and thereby contributes to strategic decision-making by relevant authorities.

With the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce and international trade, the cross-border logistics industry is confronted with several pain points, such as fragmented multi-link processes, excessive manual intervention, and significant efficiency fluctuations. This study focuses on constructing an intelligent logistics automation technology system that covers the entire chain from “overseas procurement-international transportation-customs clearance and inspection-domestic warehousing”. The aim is to achieve unmanned logistics operations and data interconnectivity through the deep integration of intelligent hardware, digital systems, and process algorithms. A four-layer technology architecture of “perception layer-transmission layer-decision-making layer-execution layer” has been designed. Moreover, in-depth explorations have been conducted on key technologies such as intelligent classification of multi-category products, automated scheduling of cross-border multimodal transportation, and intelligent compliance verification of customs clearance and inspection. The actual business data of DongGuan Kreen Import and Export Co., Ltd. have been utilized to validate the significant efficacy of this technology system in enhancing logistics cycle, reducing labor costs, and minimizing error rates, achieving an overall efficiency improvement of over 30% across the entire chain. The research outcomes not only provide a replicable automation transformation solution for cross-border logistics enterprises but also offer theoretical and practical references for the application of intelligent logistics technology in cross-border scenarios, holding important academic and application value.

Cross-border e-commerce usually involves multiple links such as online shopping platforms, payment systems, logistics services, customs clearance, and cross-border sales. From 2015 to 2023, China-Europe cross-border e-commerce has experienced rapid growth. Demand among Chinese consumers for European products has increased significantly, while European interest in Chinese goods has also steadily risen. Many small and medium-sized enterprises and cross-border e-commerce platforms have begun to enter this market. This article explores how independent e-commerce integrator platforms can leverage efficient, cost-effective supply chain services and brand advantages to attract Chinese and German SMEs. By doing so, these platforms can strengthen their market presence, reduce operational costs for SMEs, expand transaction volume, and ultimately create a win-win situation for all stakeholders.

Since the Belt and Road Initiative began, cross-border e-commerce has shifted from a peripheral activity to a main driver of regional economic cooperation. Bonded overseas warehouses that place inventory close to consumers and handle final delivery have become essential to this growth. The paper describes how these warehouses have moved beyond basic storage to create integrated platforms that merge logistics, customs clearance, after-sales care, product display and supply chain finance. It shows that although the network has cut delivery times, reduced return costs and improved the buyer experience, it now faces structural constraints in geographic spread, regulatory compliance, green transition and financing. To address these constraints, the study proposes five policy directions: closer public-private coordination, differentiated site selection, green and smart upgrading, compliance-oriented services and innovative financing. Together, these measures can embed overseas warehouses more firmly within the Belt and Road land and sea corridors and provide a sustainable micro-foundation for Chinese manufacturing to globalize, localize and upgrade.

This study addresses the industry pain points of high last-mile delivery costs, unstable delivery times, and lack of transparency in North American cross-border e-commerce logistics. It also considers the inadequacy of existing delivery network optimization models in adapting to the unique characteristics of cross-border scenarios. A hierarchical last-mile delivery network optimization model integrating “location - mode - information” has been developed. This model improves the traditional K-means clustering algorithm by incorporating customs clearance convenience into the overseas warehouse location index system. It dynamically matches delivery modes based on order timeliness, value, and weight attributes and builds a cross-border delivery information collaboration system using blockchain technology. Comparative analysis of operational data before and after model optimization in the northeastern region of a leading North American cross-border e-commerce platform reveals a 30.5% reduction in per-order delivery costs, a decrease in standard delivery time from 72 to 48 hours, and an increase in next-day delivery fulfillment rate to 92%. Customer experience-related indicators have also significantly improved. Expansion tests demonstrate the model’s adaptability to the Canadian and Mexican markets.

As the construction of e-commerce platforms and communication tools based on the internet has gradually matured, online transactions and smart customs clearance have emerged as new trends in cross-border trade and port construction. This paper takes the Dongxing Port in Guangxi Province, China, as an example, and analyzes the intelligentization of trade clearance, transactions, settlement and some other aspects including cross-border exchange, recognizing smart port construction as a new development model. It conforms to the current characteristics and the actual needs of borderland residents. On the one hand, it can improve the construction of the border exchange network, stimulate the economic expansion and elasticity of the port regions and promote smooth cross-border trade. On the other, it serves as a powerful means of encouraging the interconnection and mutual benefit of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) member states.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce has become a dominant, continuously evolving force in global retail. Most consumers today make cross-border purchases in marketplaces, while enterprises have found great opportunities, and competition has become increasingly fierce. To understand B2C properties is an important endeavor. This paper achieves two goals: it develops a method to prove tendencies in a simulation and shows the oligopolistic nature of cross-border B2C e-commerce marketplaces. These achievements enhance the understanding of cross-border B2C e-commerce, by employing novel approaches: Social simulation, agent-based modeling (ABM) tools, theorem-proving techniques, and scenario analysis. The proving method began with an experimental design to explore the model’s dynamics for parameters defined for specific scenarios of interest, and the agents’ options were randomly selected for a significant number of runs (Monte Carlo experiment). This procedure allowed us to identify and prove the necessity of a tendency (the oligopolistic character of cross-border B2C e-commerce) and determine the factors that drive it. In the second part of the proof procedure, the persistence, independence of the agents’ choices, and scaling validity of the tendency were shown by significantly increasing the number of random experiments and the number of simulated agents. The model was also validated. The developed method satisfactorily addresses some challenges of theorem-proving. In all these experiments, the variable of interest was market share. The resulting order of influence of the factors driving market share was recognition, product and service attributes of the marketplaces, and word of mouth. Surprisingly, word of mouth was the least important factor.

China's cross-border e-commerce exports still have risks in policy, logistics and payment. This paper studies the innovative model of integrated management mode of supply chain in optimized cross-border e-commerce services. This paper analyzes the development status of cross-border e-commerce service cross-border e-commerce, focuses on the operation of supply chain in cross-border e-commerce service, constructs PEST-SWOT matrix, analyzes the development of supply chain in cross-border e-commerce service from four aspects of politics, economy, society and technology, and puts forward the optimization path of cross-border e-commerce service cross-border e-commerce supply chain development. The supply chain in cross-border e-commerce service is the largest cross-border B2C retail platform in China. Combined with correlation index analysis, the correlation feature quantity of reliability panel data of supply chain integrated management mode in cross-border e-commerce service is extracted, and the reliability data fusion of supply chain integrated management mode in cross-border e-commerce service is carried out by the method of prior information distributed detection. The empirical analysis shows that the optimized integrated management mode improves the integration and management ability of supply chain in cross-border e-commerce services, and has a good confidence, thus improving the integration of supply chain in cross-border e-commerce services.

The development of Internet technology has laid the foundation for the emergence and development of cross-border e-commerce. The rise of small-batch and multi-batch cross-border e-commerce retail B2C transactions has opened up a new path for small and medium-sized enterprises to develop foreign trade economy. There is a large number of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China with good flexibility. But in the process of developing cross-border e-commerce, SMEs are faced with difficulties in risk resistance, product homogeneity and funding. Unstable international situation, dangers of cross-border payment and high cross-border logistics costs also hindered the development of cross-border e-commerce. This paper designs a general strategy for SMEs to develop cross-border e-commerce with the help of favorable government policies and big data application technology. They should do a good job in brand building, actively explore overseas warehouse models, and seek financial support, cross-border payment and regulatory support from China government.

The article examines the topic of Shopify and Amazon as COVID-19 and the emergence of new technologies ushers in a new era of online retail, B2B and B2C content. As a result, supply chain management has had to catch up. I believe that this is an important topic because our reliance on technology will continue to develop and COVID-19 has shown us that many solutions can be solved through technology. I want to address what this means, what the future holds in e-commerce, and what business owners should look out for when entering into the online space. For this essay, I interviewed four sources. The first is the co-founder of Commence, an online women’s apparel store with monthly profits of $3 million USD. Secondly, I interviewed the co-founder of Douhu, a shipping agent for both Amazon and Shopify with over 20 years of experience. I interviewed the Senior Regional B2B Director of Yuntu, which is one of the largest E-commerce cross-border logistic service providers in the world. Lastly, I spoke to Fiona Lin who has worked as a logistics specialist for companies under Shopify and Amazon.

The development of e-commerce in general and e-commerce could not but affect the sphere of movement of goods between countries. This phenomenon, called cross-border electronic commerce, has demonstrated significant rates of development not only globally, but also within the Russian Federation. However, the sanctions restrictions of 2022-2024 significantly reduced the scale of online imports, radically changed the geography of commodity flows, and significantly hampered the supply of many brands to the Russian consumer market. The development of cross-border electronic trade in consumer goods through the parallel import mechanism has partially overcome the negative consequences of the restrictions imposed, the Russian market continues to adapt to new economic conditions, faces numerous challenges associated with complicated logistics and payments between different countries, and the receipt of counterfeit products from abroad. The article examines the trends of Russian online import of consumer goods within the framework of cross-border e-commerce, determines the prerequisites for its development, and determines the factors limiting its growth.

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China’s cross-border export e-commerce industry has undergone significant development and

With the rapid expansion of cross-border e-commerce and the normalization of consumers’ cross-border purchasing behavior, logistics service quality has become a critical factor influencing consumer experience and the competitiveness of e-commerce platforms. Grounded in service-quality theory and perceived-value theory, this study empirically examines the effect, underlying mechanisms, and boundary conditions of cross-border logistics service quality on consumers’ willingness to pay a premium. The results show that cross-border logistics service quality has a significant positive effect on consumers’ willingness to pay a premium for logistics services; perceived utilitarian value and perceived hedonic value partially mediate this effect through service preference. In addition, product characteristics-specifically relative price and volume-significantly and positively moderate the relationship between logistics service quality and perceived value. These findings clarify the psychological pathways through which logistics service quality promotes premium willingness in cross-border e-commerce and offer practical guidance for firms and platforms on strengthening market competitiveness and designing differentiated service and pricing strategies.  

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Through the lens of the Temporal-Synergic Cross-Correlation (TSCC) framework, this study fills important gaps in cross-border demand forecasting. Overall, analyzing 9,754 transactions (2022–2024) our approach captures multi-scale temporal decomposition synergized with SHAP-based feature engineering and outperforms the LSTM-RF hybrids by 22% precision and discovers 14.7% YoY revenue growth. Notably, the innovations tackled temporal-categorical disconnects and 92% holiday prediction precision — 18.4% on global metrics. The framework bridges theoretical models and operational logistics, harvesting trials and errors to overcome cross-border commerce lead-time preserves.

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This study is primarily aimed at examining the influence of effort expectancy on consumers’ purchase intention within a Business-to-Consumer (B2C) cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) consumption market in China. With the improvement of the living standards for the Chinese consumers, the B2C imported cross-border e-commerce platforms have become the choice of consumers for online shopping. On the basis of the seminal UTAUT Model, consumer trust is proposed as a potential mediator for the relationship between effort expectancy and purchase intention. By using a non-probability sampling technique, an online questionnaire survey distribution was employed with an overall return rate of 108 usable feedback. Data were analysed using the SmartPLS Version 4.0.9.9 statistical software. Results revealed a positive and significant influence of effort expectancy on consumers’ purchasing intentions. Furthermore, we found that consumer trust significantly mediates the relationship between effort expectancy and purchase intention. These findings could assist imported cross-border e-commerce platform enterprises towards enhancing the convenience of online shopping on these platforms and improving consumers' trust in online shopping activities. This study contributes to promoting the platform enterprises to improve the convenience of the whole process of platform operation and purchase, and is conductive to paying attention to the consumer trust to enhance the enterprise’s reputation, which will help develop customer stickiness and cultivate loyal customers.

This paper investigates the estimated return rate and optimal order quantity under three cross-border e-commerce return logistics modes: direct mail (from predecessor), in situ destruction (new), and insurance (new). The estimated return rate under each model was analyzed and it was found that different modes have different thresholds in delivery lead time (the time retailers need to deliver goods to customers), and within which the estimated return rate increases as the delivery lead time increases. And a size comparison of the estimated return rates for the three models was conducted. A profit model was constructed based on the estimated return rate model, the optimal order quantity was calculated, and the effects of different factors (tax, postage, and delivery lead time etc.) on it were analyzed. For the insurance model, the effect of bearing the insurance ratio between retailers and consumers on the optimal order quantity was examined. The goal of this paper was to construct a model of the estimated return rate for the two new modes and to compare the estimated return rate of the three modes, which provides a reference for retailers to choose among the diversified return logistics modes and then make the best ordering strategy according to the influence of different factors on the optimal order quantity.

ABSTRACT Although customers often participate in cross-border e-commerce (CBEC), little is known about how customers obtain and process the knowledge they seek regarding cross-border e-commerce websites. This research explores cross-platform spillover effects of knowledge sharing in virtual communities on customers’ perceived website quality and customer service of independent cross-border e-commerce websites and their subsequent purchase intentions. By applying cue utilization theory and expectation-disconfirmation theory, we develop a model that captures how CBEC-related knowledge sharing in virtual communities influences customers’ purchase intentions on CBEC websites that are independent of these virtual communities. A quantitative survey of customers with CBEC purchase experience was conducted with three top virtual communities without associated CBEC websites, yielding 521 responses. The results suggest that CBEC-related knowledge sharing in virtual communities has significant positive effects on customers’ perceptions of website quality and customer service, and, thereafter, their purchase intentions. This research demonstrates that spillover effects from virtual communities to independent CBEC websites indeed exist and identifies the underlying mechanisms that explain how these spillover effects move from virtual communities to CBEC websites.

With the rapid development of globalization and Internet technology, cross-border e-commerce has become a new driving force for international trade. However, this emerging mode also brings regulatory challenges, especially in ensuring transaction authenticity, protecting consumer rights and interests, and maintaining tax fairness. Therefore, this paper will take the import of cross-border e-commerce retail goods as an entry point to analyze the challenges faced in the regulation of cross-border e-commerce imports and put forward corresponding countermeasure proposals. This paper elaborates on the main challenges in regulation, including the huge amount of data, the imperfect credit rating system, and the insufficient collaborative regulatory mechanism. In response to these problems, suggestions are made to strengthen consumer identity verification, improve the credit rating system, and promote collaborative supervision.

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This study examines the current status and characteristics of the Chinese consumer market and the cross-border B2C e-commerce market. Based on this, it analyzes the characteristics of consumers using cross-border e-commerce and trends. The characteristics of cross-border e-commerce consumers include. First, the dominance of Chinese consumers born in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as women. Second, the expansion of the affluent middle class with strong purchasing power. Third, the acquisition of product and brand information through social media. And fourth, the expansion of live commerce. Recent trends include a preference for luxury brands, the 'pure beauty' trend among women, the growth of the high-end baby product market, and increased interest in health supplements. Through trend analysis, several implications are suggested: 1. Enhance brand awareness and value through brand marketing. 2. Strengthen marketing and sales activities using short-form video platforms like Douyin. 3. Strengthen the lineup of environmentally friendly, safe, and mild women's care and baby products. 4. Improve the quality and standardization of health functional foods, while actively engaging in marketing activities to enhance product and brand positioning. Despite being one of the world's largest consumer goods importing countries, South Korean exports to China are on a downward trend. Therefore, to increase B2C cross-border e-commerce exports as part of exporting consumer goods to China, greater efforts should be made.

In the highly developed process of "Internet plus", foreign trade transformation and upgrading, cross-border new retail rapid development has become the trend of the times, cross-border e-commerce new retail digitalization, and improving operational efficiency brings new opportunities. Reshaping the structure of new retail formats, the integration of cross-border e-commerce and new retail formats is an inevitable trend. Smart upgrading and digital transformation are important measures to achieve leapfrog development. The format structure presents business models such as "smart retail, digital cross-border e-commerce, new cross-border e-commerce, new retail, and new retail logistics". The main research objective of this project is to explore and research the new retail scenarios of digital applications in cross-border e-commerce. Based on the current development trend of digital cross-border e-commerce and new retail upgrading, as well as the economic characteristics of the Wuyi area in Jiangmen City, this project aims to use the smart new retail scenario of digital cross-border e-commerce as the foothold, with a focus on upgrading and transforming the product flow chain with the "application scenario" as the central point, form a closed-loop loop of free circulation of products, new retail logistics, cross-border e-commerce, new retail, new sales experience scenarios, and consumers.

As cross-border e-commerce expands in emerging economies, consumer participation increasingly depends on perceived transaction risk linked to digital payments, settlement, dispute resolution, and institutional enforceability. This study reconceptualizes online purchase intention (OPI) as a decision embedded in retail international finance. Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), it integrates Internet Trustworthiness Behavior (ITB) and Country of Origin (COO) as risk-relevant signals shaping consumer judgment under cross-border uncertainty. Survey data from 390 digitally active consumers in the Dominican Republic were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that ITB strengthens perceived behavioral control, attitudes toward online purchasing, and subjective norms, while also exerting a direct positive effect on OPI. COO emerges as a strong direct predictor of OPI, functioning as a heuristic indicator of country credibility when formal safeguards appear weak. Contrary to standard TPB expectations, perceived behavioral control negatively predicts OPI, suggesting that greater digital competence may heighten awareness of expected losses and limited recourse in high-risk environments. The findings advance international business and finance research by showing how micro-level trust practices and macro-level country signals jointly shape consumer risk management in cross-border digital markets, with implications for inclusive participation and consumer protection.

The transaction scale of cross-border import e-commerce has grown rapidly around the world. Platform-style cross-border e-commerce does not control the quality, source and transaction process of goods strictly and comprehensively. In terms of customer service quality, the seller's customer service often ignores the customer's problems, and some customer service solutions cannot solve the customer's problems. Serving customers through the network has changed the traditional offline service form without distance, and the service process has a time and space distance. This paper constructs an evaluation index system based on the development of cross-border e-commerce. Through questionnaires, relevant data were obtained and analyzed. Analyze the results based on the collected data on the factors that affect the quality of cross-border import e-commerce services. Responsiveness is the most important factor found by artificial neural networks. The descending order of importance of other factors is fulfillment, diversity, privacy, reliability, compensation, and ease of use.

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Long delivery lead times and costly transportation postage are significant characteristics of B2C cross-border e-commerce and logistics. They engender preference inconsistencies and reversals in customers, which can lead to product returns. The aim of this study is to enable retailers to select the optimal cross-border logistics mode that fulfils their marketing strategies while taking product returns into consideration. We propose a novel way to describe customer utility by incorporating customer time preferences, and construct three cross-border logistics models. The theoretical and numerical analyses indicate that, if retailers want to eliminate or reduce their product return rates, they can adjust their delivery lead times in each logistics mode under various product procurement and sales prices, commodity tariffs, international and domestic postage and operating costs. In particular, the O2O mode is always a better option for retailers than the O2D mode, and under certain conditions, the D2D mode is better for retailers than the O2O mode. To increase market demand, the O2O mode is optimal for retailers selling high-priced products, while the O2D mode is optimal for retailers selling low-priced products. This study also provides suggestions for overseas manufacturers. These findings are applicable to B2C cross-border e-commerce, cross-border logistics, and overseas production.

This paper discusses the specific influencing factors of consumer trust in B2C cross-border e-commerce. It puts forward a comprehensive trust model to provide full-cycle support for the generation and management of the trust. Based on the comprehensive technology acceptance theory (UTAUT), the model adds perceived risk variables. The model comprehensively summarizes the influencing factors of consumer trust from four aspects: public opinion, consumers, enterprises and third-party institutions. The model has good adaptability and can support cross-border e-commerce enterprises to establish and manage consumer trust in different regions and different trust relationship stages.

Cross-border payments initiatives are rapidly proliferating on the African continent. Both banks and non-bank financial institutions are working to extend digital financial services to support the growing demand for the transfer of funds across borders, including remittances, which provide a lifeline for vulnerable households such as those supported by working migrants. This article provides insight on the concept of a cross-border retail payments scheme for credit transfers within a geographical area of the African continent known as the Tripartite Free Trade Area. The paper elaborates on how such a scheme can be utilised to guide the delivery of payments in a manner that is cost-effective, rapid and transparent. This proposed scheme is in line with the G20 Roadmap for Interoperable Payments and would also support the vision of the African Continental Free Trade Area to enhance intra-African trade.

With the continuous development of economic integration and the continuous update of electronic information technology, the status and influence of cross-border e-commerce in China's foreign trade are increasingly prominent, and gradually become a new driving force for the rapid development of China's economy. In recent years, the scale of goods trade in Zhejiang province has expanded, the Internet penetration rate has improved and the cross-border logistics system has become increasingly mature. At the same time, with the emergence of various cross-border online retail e-commerce platforms to provide convenience for consumers, cross-border online retail in Zhejiang province has developed rapidly and occupies a very important position in the development of China's foreign trade. This paper will use multivariate regression model to conduct empirical analysis on the factors influencing the development of cross-border online retail, the results show that the development level of logistics, the demand for commodity trade and the number of e-commerce specialized villages are of great significance to promote the development of cross-border online retail in Zhejiang. Finally, according to the empirical conclusions, suggestions are put forward to promote the further development of cross-border online retail, providing reference for relevant departments and enterprises of cross-border online retail.

With the rapid development of digital economy, especially the business development of cross-border e-commerce platform, it has brought new tax collection and management problems to the tax authorities of various countries. Cross border digital service trade has also brought additional challenges to the formulation of current value-added tax policies, challenged the appearance standards of existing permanent institutions, and brought a new problem of value distribution and profit attribution. Each country benefits from the digital economy differently, and countries / regions have also taken unilateral actions. It is worth thinking about how to tax the digital economy. Combined with the characteristics of cross-border service trade under the background of digital economy, this paper combs the main challenges faced by the current value-added tax system, compares and analyzes the relevant systems of cross-border service trade value-added tax reform in international organizations and some developed countries, and puts forward suggestions on how to improve China's cross-border service trade value-added tax system.