健康传播视角下的地方性食源性疾病风险沟通研究：以云南野生菌中毒防控宣传为例

目的 掌握云南省炭疽流行现状，评估疫情风险，为制定防治措施提供依据。 方法 搜集全省炭疽疫情信息，建立病例个案数据库，重点分析疾病分布规律 and 危险因素，评估疫情发生风险，进而提出防控措施。 结果 近几年全省炭疽疫情总体平稳，无暴发疫情发生。57例病例分布于13个历史疫区县，高温、潮湿多雨的夏秋季多发，以青壮年农民为主，男性多于女性。病例均为皮肤炭疽，实验室诊断病例占14.03%。疫区群众健康知晓率为35.09%，及时就医率为45.61%，96.49%的病例为在接触病、死牲畜的过程中通过破损皮肤感染。 结论 云南省炭疽疫源地长期持续存在，较为活跃，疫区群众健康意识差，疫情风险评估为高风险级别，有发生其他类型炭疽流行和疫情点状暴发的可能。加强疫情监测和健康教育，提高实验室检测能力，建立联防联控机制是今后防控工作的重点。

鼠疫曾给人类带来3次世界性灾难，剥夺了上亿人的生命。作为危害人类健康最为严重的烈性传染病之一，鼠疫的防控工作显得尤为重要。新中国成立后，党和政府大力开展鼠疫防控工作，开展流行病调查，制定各项防控措施。虽然全国范围在较短的时间内遏制了鼠疫流行的猛烈势头，但在西部地区人间鼠疫时有发生。青海省地处我国西部，就其鼠疫流行特征制定了适合本地鼠疫的防控模式。本文就“青海模式”的工作机制、调查监测、宣传教育、人员培训、隐患排查等进行介绍，阐述青海省鼠疫防控工作的成效，为中国传染病防控策略发展提出新的思考。

回顾和展望我国爱国卫生运动，尤其是“除四害”的起源和发展情况，为新时代爱国卫生运动的丰富和发展提供新动力，早日实现健康中国。本文从“除四害”的由来、现状、探索、发展等多方面分析和总结我国爱国卫生运动和病媒生物防制的趋势。分析认为我国病媒生物监测需从生态学、抗药性常规单项监测发展到集生态学、抗药性、病原学及疾病流行特征于一体的综合监测，病媒生物可持续控制理念越来越深入人心，病媒生物防控标准不断完善，农村病媒生物可持续控制使美丽乡村更宜居和安全。从卫生城市发展到健康城市创建，健康教育和健康促进成为自觉行动。本文认为爱国卫生运动是我们党把群众路线运用于卫生防病工作的成功实践。新时代爱国卫生运动必须增加新内涵和新动力，牢记传染病防控初心，助力健康中国行动。

新型冠状病毒肺炎已给全球造成巨大的疾病负担。近几十年来，新发和再发传染病不断出现。全球化、城市化、气候变化增加了疾病防控的复杂性。我国在应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情时采取了联防联控机制，该机制是同一健康策略的实践模式之一。同一健康策略聚焦于人-动物-环境交界面，旨在通过人类、动物和环境三方知识的交叉、整合，促进人类、动物及环境卫生方面的专业人员之间跨学科交流和合作，以最终实现人、动物和环境的最佳健康状态，在传染病防控方面有重要意义。本文介绍了新发及再发传染病出现的因素及同一健康策略的实践模式。

目的：在“健康中国2030”战略背景下，探讨微信公众号在药学服务传播中的策略及其社会教育价值，为药学服务向健康教育范式转型提供实践参考。方法：基于当下主义学习理论、多媒体学习认知理论和社会认知理论，构建“药语清和”微信公众号平台。通过拟人化IP设计（“小青”代表西药学、“老何”代表中药学）、分层化内容供给和多模态传播方式，开展药学健康科普。采用定量指标（用户覆盖规模、互动频次、更新频率）与定性分析（受众认知改变、行为变化）相结合的方法评估传播效果。结果：项目实施期间，公众号阅读人数突破500人次，用户互动次数累计超过2000次，内容更新频率保持≥2次/月。受众在药品安全意识、知识迁移能力和健康信念等方面表现出积极改变，能够将科普知识应用于家庭用药管理和日常健康决策。药师团队完成了从“技术专家”向“教育专家”的角色转变。结论：基于微信公众号的药学传播模式，通过拟人化IP设计、多模态内容呈现和数据驱动的精准干预，能够有效提升公众药品安全意识和健康素养，实现药学专业知识向社会教育资源的转化。该模式为健康中国背景下药学服务的数字化教育转型提供了可复制的实践路径。

在《健康上海行动（2019—2030年）》作为全国首个省级中长期健康行动方案出台背景下，强化健康促进专业机构在健康文化建设中的主导地位，将健康文化建设融入城市文化建设体系，将是我们未来面临的巨大挑战。文章以白领职业人群为对象，从健康文化主题活动的选题、传播的内容和创意手法、传播渠道、活动评估的角度，探索将健康传播与人文艺术表现形式进行创意结合，通过寓教于乐的实践，在专业健康知识与艺术欣赏之间找到最佳结合点，实现对目标人群的精准传播。

以两本健康传播SSCI专业期刊1994—2018年刊载的文章为研究对象，采用“科学知识图谱”方法勾勒了这20多年间国际健康传播研究的历史与现状。研究发现，这20多年间健康传播的研究议题主要集中在受众研究和效果研究两个方面。其中，热点议题紧随社会现实不断转化，研究方法也不断吸纳医学方法而变得多元丰富。在研究主力方面，美国在全球研究格局中处于“一枝独秀”地位，无论是高产作者还是高产机构均由美国主导，但中国的研究者也开始崭露头角。从高被引期刊和高共被引文献来看，健康传播研究呈现出“传播学取向”和“医学取向”两种分殊。对照国际健康传播研究的演进趋势，未来我国健康传播研究的突破点包括：拓展对LGBT人口和“疑病症”患者等特殊群体的考察、关注在线健康行为实践、立足国情注重对心脑血管疾病的健康科普、重视叙事医学等人文医学传统。

Abstract This work analyzes the safe consumption of wild mushrooms in Mexico, addresses the mushroom poisoning phenomenon, and discusses the role of communication and environmental education to prevent them. We documented that most mushroom poisonings happen in mestizo and transculturized indigenous communities. We constructed the online ‘Digital repository of edible and toxic mushrooms of Mexico.’ The repository contains: updated full listings of edible and toxic mushrooms, infographics of the most important species, a photograph catalogue, and information and treatment protocols for physicians. The website is a dynamic space consisting of educational information for health care specialists, mycologists, and society in general.

Highlights Public health relevance—How does this work relate to a public health issue? Wild mushroom consumption remains widespread globally and is frequently associated with severe foodborne intoxications due to misidentification of toxic species. This review provides updated data on the geographic distribution of poisonous mushrooms and the rising incidence of related intoxications in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Public health significance—Why is this work of significance to public health? Mushroom poisoning represents a leading cause of foodborne mortality in several regions, particularly due to amatoxin-containing species such as Amanita phalloides and Amanita exitialis. The synthesis of newly identified toxic species and evolving epidemiological patterns contributes to improved understanding of current morbidity and mortality risks. Public health implications—What are the key implications or messages for practitioners, policy makers and/or researchers in public health? Mapping regional toxicity patterns supports clinical toxicologists and emergency physicians in improving diagnostic accuracy and timely treatment. Identification of seasonal peaks and high-risk demographic groups provides evidence for targeted public health education campaigns and preventive food safety policies. Abstract Wild mushroom consumption is widespread worldwide and remains an important cause of foodborne intoxication. This concise review analyzes recent literature on the geographic distribution of poisonous wild mushrooms and the epidemiological patterns of intoxication reported in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Most poisoning incidents occur as a result of the misidentification of toxic species as edible during mushroom foraging. Alongside well-known poisonous mushrooms, several newly identified toxic species have been reported in recent years. The available epidemiological evidence demonstrates clear regional clustering of poisoning incidents, pronounced seasonal peaks associated with mushroom growth, and a predominance of cases in populations where wild mushroom foraging is a traditional practice. Amatoxin-containing species of the genus Amanita remain the leading cause of severe and fatal intoxications worldwide. Overall, the analyzed studies indicate that wild mushroom poisoning continues to represent a significant food safety and public health concern, particularly in Asia and parts of Europe. Improved toxicological surveillance, public awareness, and timely clinical management are essential for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with these intoxications.

Social media platforms are playing an increasingly critical role in modern public health, enabling real-time surveillance, health communication, and public engagement during emergencies. Their potential in responding to foodborne poisoning events remains underexplored. This study investigates a self-reported case of mushroom poisoning in China to illustrate how social media can facilitate health consultation, support crisis response, and enhance digital public health surveillance. A poisoning event involving four individuals who consumed wild mushrooms in Yunnan Province on June 1, 2024, was documented through social media activity. Public posts, videos, and comment interactions were archived and analyzed using web scraping techniques to trace the flow of information and engagement dynamics. The patient’s online post triggered a response from a mushroom poisoning expert in Yunnan, providing remote guidance despite limited symptom improvement. This case demonstrates how digital platforms can serve as critical bridges between affected individuals and dispersed clinical expertise. This study underscores the emerging utility of social media as a tool for public health communication, rapid consultation, and digital surveillance. Incorporating social media analytics into traditional public health strategies offers new opportunities for timely intervention and risk communication.

Objectives To investigate factors associated with susceptibility to wild mushroom consumption using machine learning approaches and identify key predictors for targeted intervention development. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 216 Chinese university students employed three machine learning algorithms (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Extremely Randomized Trees [ExtraTrees]) to predict consumption susceptibility based on demographics, media usage, and cognitive factors. Susceptibility was assessed through scenario-based questions following established frameworks from tobacco research. Model performance was evaluated using AUC with 95% confidence intervals calculated via bootstrap resampling (1,000 iterations). Sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative susceptibility thresholds. Results 65.3% were classified as susceptible to consumption. Logistic Regression achieved highest performance (AUC = 0.776, 95% CI: 0.679–0.862). Risk perception emerged as the strongest predictor (importance = 0.133 ± 0.044), followed by mushroom picking experience (0.101 ± 0.017) and content impression (0.089 ± 0.018). Among the 63 participants (29.2%) who reported using AI models, 75.93% indicated trust levels of ‘fairly trust’ or above. Conclusions In this exploratory study of Chinese university students from a single institution, cognitive factors, particularly risk perception and identification ability, showed the strongest associations with consumption susceptibility. These preliminary findings suggest that targeted interventions enhancing risk awareness may be relevant for this population, though replication across diverse samples is needed before broader conclusions can be drawn.

We applied and extended the Protection Motivation Theory to investigate the predictive factors of not eating wild mushrooms to find ways to prevent food poisoning accidents. A total of 322 residents from poisoning risk areas in China completed a self-administered questionnaire based on Protection Motivation Theory, assessing perceived susceptibility, rewards, self-efficacy, and risk information seeking. Data were analyzed using the partial least squares method. Perceived susceptibility (β = 0.221, P < 0.001), self-efficacy (β = 0.194, P < 0.001), and risk information seeking (β = 0.245, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with the intention of not eating wild mushrooms. In contrast, intrinsic rewards (β=-0.168, P = 0.039) were negatively correlated with the intention of not eating wild mushrooms. Perceptual susceptibility, intrinsic rewards, self-efficacy, and risk information seeking to predict the behavioral intention of not eating wild mushrooms. The results of this study support the theory of protection motivation and its extended applicability, providing evidence that public health crises can promote changes in resident behavior related to food safety.

Mushroom poisoning is a significant public health concern, with diverse species causing various degrees of toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards mushroom poisoning among the population in Jilin Province. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in Jilin province between August 2023 and September 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and KAP. Among 503 valid collected questionnaires, 331 (65.8%) were filled out by women and 188 (37.4%) by individuals aged 31–40. The median (25% quartile and 75% quartile) knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 11 (6, 15) (possible range: 0–22), 37 (32, 42) (possible range: 10–50), and 24 (22, 26) (possible range: 10–30), respectively. Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.110, P = 0.014), as well as attitude and practice (r = 0.512, P < 0.001). Conversely, although a negative correlation was observed between knowledge and practice (r = -0.035), this relationship was not statistically significant (P = 0.439). Multivariate logistic regression showed that never eating wild mushrooms (OR = 4.413, 95% CI: 2.858, 6.816, P < 0.001) and not experiencing food poisoning (OR = 3.113, 95% CI: 1.208, 8.025, P = 0.019) were independently associated with the practice. The study found that the general population in Jilin Province demonstrated moderate knowledge levels, with only 10.93% of participants achieving adequate scores (≥ 80% of the total score). Attitudes were relatively positive, with 29.42% of participants scoring ≥ 80%, but practice remained suboptimal, as only 26.04% of participants achieved proactive practice scores (≥ 80%). Significant positive correlations were observed between knowledge and attitude, and between attitude and practice. There was no significant correlation between knowledge and practice, suggesting that higher knowledge levels did not consistently lead to safer practices at this time. not applicable.

Background Wild mushroom poisoning is a major cause of foodborne illness-related deaths in Hunan Province. By analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of fatal incidents due to wild mushroom poisoning in Hunan Province over the past decade and preventive measures implemented in recent years, in this study, we aimed to provide insights for nationwide prevention and control of wild mushroom poisoning, focusing on reducing mortality. Methods Data from the “Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System” in Hunan Province were used to describe the characteristics of wild mushroom poisoning. Kernel density analysis was performed using ArcMap 10.8.1 to identify spatial clustering. Results It showed that from 2014 to 2023, 80 fatal wild mushroom poisoning incidents and 111 deaths, with a case fatality rate of 1.5%, were reported in Hunan Province. June (40 events, 50.0%) and August (17 events, 21.3%) are the peak periods for wild mushroom poisoning. The species most frequently associated with fatal poisoning were Russula subnigricans (20 events, 25.0%), Amanita fuliginea (18 events, 22.5%), and Amanita rimosa (11 events, 13.5%). Kernel density analysis indicated that the fatalities were primarily concentrated in the central and eastern regions of Hunan Province. All (100%) fatal incidence collected from households with poisoning caused by accidental harvesting and consumption. Rural areas accounted for 93.8% of the fatal incidents. The highest proportion of deaths (48.7%) occurred in the age group of 60 years and above. Conclusion Fatalities due to wild mushroom poisoning incidents exhibit seasonal and regional variations. We call for multi-sectoral collaboration in prevention and control efforts, focusing on key populations, regions, and time to conduct public education and promotion and ensure smooth access to medical care, which are crucial strategies for preventing wild mushroom poisoning incidents and reducing mortality.

Abstract Wild mushroom poisoning has been recognized as a global problem threatening human health. In this study, we aimed to explore characteristics of wild mushroom poisoning in Zhejiang province, China. From 2016 to 2018, 429 cases of wild mushroom poisoning were reported, and among them, there were 2 deaths and 84 hospitalizations, with the incidence of 0.2526 per 100,000 and the case fatality rate of 0.47%. Digestive symptoms were found in all cases. Systemic symptoms and signs, neurological symptoms, and urinary symptoms were found in 28.90% (124/429), 11.66% (50/429), and 4.90% (21/429) of the cases, respectively. The proportion of cases with incubation period <6 h was 85.78%, and those with ≥6 h accounted for 14.22%. The peak period of poisoning occurred from June to October annually. Quzhou (Moran’s I = 1.242, p < .05) and Lishui (Moran’s I = 0.759, p < .05) with mild climate, more mountains, and abundant rainfall were “hot spots” for the incidence of wild mushroom poisoning, showing a state of high‐incidence aggregation. Epidemiological analysis showed that there were seasonal, high‐incidence areas and high‐risk groups in wild mushroom poisoning. The government should give early warning to high‐incidence areas and strengthen publicity to high‐risk groups before wild mushrooms mature every summer and autumn. In addition, we recommend that ordinary people not pick wild mushrooms outdoors for consumption, because it is difficult to distinguish whether wild mushrooms are poisonous and do not buy wild mushrooms of unknown sources.

Background Mushroom poisoning is a major public health issue in China. The integration of medical resources from different institutes of different levels is crucial in reducing the harm of mushroom poisoning. However, few studies have provided comprehensive implementation procedures and postimplementation effectiveness evaluations. To reduce the harm caused by mushroom poisoning, a network system for the prevention and treatment of mushroom poisoning (NSPTMP) was established in Chuxiong, Yunnan Province, a high-risk area for mushroom poisoning. Methods The NSPTMP consists of three types of institutions, namely, centers for disease prevention, hospitals, and health administration departments, with each kind of institution comprising prefecture, county/city, town, and village levels. After three years of implementation, the network was evaluated by comparing the indices before and after network implementation using data from the “Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System” and 17 hospitals in Chuxiong. The indices included the fatalities caused by mushroom poisoning, the composition ratios of different types of mushrooms for both outpatients and inpatients and the hospitalization rates. Results Compared to the average fatality rate of mushroom poisoning from 2015 to 2017, the average fatality rate from 2018 to 2020 significantly decreased from 0.57 to 0.06% ( P  < 0.001). Regarding the poisonous genus containing lethal mushrooms, the outpatient and inpatient composition ratios significantly decreased for Amanita (9.36–2.91% and 57.23–17.68%, respectively) and Russula (15.27–8.41%) ( P  < 0.05). Regarding poisonous mushrooms that caused mild symptoms, the outpatient and inpatient composition ratios significantly increased for Scleroderma (5.13–13.90% and 2.89–18.90%, respectively) and Boletaceae (19.08–31.71%) ( P  < 0.05), and the hospitalization rates significantly increased for Scleroderma (6.33–18.02%) and Boletaceae (5.65–12.71%) ( P  < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that the NSPTMP effectively reduced the harm caused by mushroom poisoning. In addition to the integration of medical resources, the development of poisonous mushroom identification, hierarchical treatment systems in hospitals, public education, and professional training also played important roles in improving the system’s effectiveness. The establishment and evaluation of the NSPTMP in Chuxiong Prefecture can provide valuable insights and serve as a model for other regions facing similar challenges in managing mushroom poisoning.

Background Wild mushroom poisoning represents a significant public health challenge in China, with the highest mortality rate globally. Despite extensive prevention campaigns, consumption behaviors persist, particularly among university students who may be influenced by social media and peer pressure. Objective This study applied Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to investigate psychological factors influencing wild mushroom consumption intentions among Chinese university students and identify key predictors for targeted intervention development. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 216 Chinese university students. The PMT model included threat appraisal (perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits, costs) and coping appraisal (response efficacy, self-efficacy, response costs). Behavioral intention was assessed through scenario-based consumption likelihood measures. Structural equation modeling was used to test the theoretical model. Results The PMT model demonstrated good fit (χ²/df = 2.14, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.073, SRMR = 0.065) and explained 42.3% of the variance in wild mushroom consumption intentions (R² = 0.423, 95% CI [0.35, 0.49]). Perceived benefits emerged as the strongest positive predictor (β = 0.385, 95% CI [0.27, 0.50], p < 0.001), while self-efficacy was the strongest negative predictor (β = −0.298, 95% CI [−0.42, −0.18], p < 0.001). Traditional threat appraisal components (severity and susceptibility) showed minimal predictive effects. Response costs also significantly predicted consumption intentions (β = 0.156, 95% CI [0.04, 0.27], p < 0.01). Conclusions PMT provides a valuable framework for understanding wild mushroom consumption behavior among Chinese university students. The dominance of perceived benefits and self-efficacy as predictors suggests that effective interventions should address positive outcome expectations while building confidence in avoidance behaviors. These findings indicate that effective interventions must move beyond traditional risk communication to address the complex interplay of perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and social factors driving consumption decisions, with implications for developing culturally-tailored, multi-component prevention strategies.

Background The accidental consumption of wild poisonous mushrooms has emerged as a primary source of poisoning incidents globally. It is imperative to comprehend the dietary habits of individuals consuming wild mushrooms to address this issue effectively. Methods In this investigation, an extended version of the theory of reasoned action was employed, incorporating perceived benefit and food-related self-efficacy as novel predictive variables. Results A total of 793 Chinese residents participated in the study, which revealed that subjective norms (β = 0. 219, t = 5.314), attitudes (β = 0.426, t = 8.237), self-efficacy (β = 0.144, t = 5.905), and perceived benefit (β = 0.177, t = 4.586) significantly influenced the participants' intentions. Conclusion The extended theory of reasoned action framework has proven to be a valuable instrument for understanding individuals' inclinations toward selecting food-related risks. These factors should be considered in governmental initiatives aimed at enhancing food safety.

The food industry, like many others, has a risk communication problem. That problem is manifested in the public's desire to know the truth about outbreaks of foodborne diseases; ongoing concern about the safety of foods, additives, and food-processing procedures; and continued apathy regarding aspects of routine food hygiene. If these concerns are addressed in a coherent and trustworthy way, the public will have better and cheaper food. However, sloppy risk communication can itself cause public health damage. Because citizens are ill-equipped to discriminate among information sources, the food industry as a whole bears responsibility for the successes and failures of its individual members. We review risk communication research and practice for their application to the food industry.

Currently, food safety hazards have introduced as one of the most important threats to public health worldwide. Considering numerous crises in the field of food safety at global, regional, and national levels, and their impact on the physical and mental health of consumers, it is very vital to evaluate risk communication strategies in each country. Food safety risk communication (FSRC) aims to provide the means for individuals to protect their health from food safety risks and make informed decisions about food risks. The purpose of this study is to present FSRC as one of the key parts of risk analysis, its importance considering the prevalence of food contamination and recent crises related to food. Additionally, the stages of implementation of FSRC are mentioned. In FSRC, it is essential to comply with the principles and prerequisites. There are various strategies for FSRC nowadays. Different platforms for FSRC are rapidly evolving. Choosing and evaluating the appropriate strategy according to the target group, consensus of stakeholders, cooperation and coordination of risk assessors and risk managers have a significant impact in order to improve and implement FSRC.

… The results are discussed within the context of risk communication. … The risk communication messages therefore need to reassure the consumer that the risk from the food is tolerable …

… Both books echo a thesis strongly established in the social sciences and risk communication literature: risk perception is a critical variable affecting a host of human behaviors. …

Risk-communication campaigns are important … foodborne diseases are a widespread public-health problem, in Italy few communication campaigns have focused on such diseases. In …

… communication and suggests potential frameworks for developing social media strategies. The extension to food safety risk communication is … tracked by the Foodborne Diseases Active …

… , risk communication requires risk managers to identify ways of delivering information according to a target communication … levels of risk of contracting a foodborne disease produced an …

The aim of this contribution is to discuss the most important issues connected with communicating food-borne diseases. The investigation focuses on the role of symbolic language in informing stakeholders about food-borne crisis situations. To narrow the scope of the research, the study concentrates on metaphors and their role in risk cognition, especially in the face of information overload. This approach allows the author to study the metaphorical dimension of risk cognition as well as its dynamics connected with the necessity of a constant response to changing internal and external conditions. Theoretical investigations on metaphors in food, health and risk discourse are often supported by empirical analyses on the use of metaphors in communicating food-borne diseases. This study encompasses selected materials on food-borne diseases gathered from Italian online sources and covers the corpus of investigated verbal metaphors. The aim of this chapter is to show whether metaphors strengthen or weaken risk cognition, and how far they determine the risk communication of food-borne diseases.

Consumers in most developed countries have greater access to safer food than ever before, yet the issue of consumer perception on the safety of the food supply, the control infrastructure and existing and new process technologies is often not positive. A series of high profile food incidents, which have been ineffectively managed by both the regulators and the industry, and where there has been a failure to be open and transparent, have sensitised a proportion of consumers to scary stories about the food supply. There has been concomitant damage to consumer confidence in (i) the safety of food, (ii) the food industry’s commitment to producing safe food and (iii) the authorities’ ability to oversee the food chain. Threats to consumers’ health and their genuine concerns have to be addressed with effective risk management and the protection of public health has to be paramount. Dealing with incorrect fears and misperceptions of risk has also to be addressed but achieving this is very difficult. The competencies of social scientists are needed to assist in gaining insights into consumer perceptions of risk, consumer behaviour and the determinants of trust. Conventional risk communication will not succeed on its own and more innovative and creative communication strategies are needed to engage with consumers using all available media channels in an open and transparent way. The digital media affords the opportunity to revolutionise engagement with consumers on food safety and nutrition-related issues.

Foodborne diseases contribute substantially to the overall burden of disease, including hospitalizations, economic loss, and death. Nonetheless, in contrast to food safety experts, the public usually perceives foodborne diseases as low risk, which highlights the differences in the perception of the risk. Many studies have shown that risk perception is a complex concept determined by a variety factors. Among the factors associated with increased concern are high media attention and an impact on children.Risk communication is a new concept aimed at the providing meaningful, relevant, and accurate information. The purpose is to increase knowledge and enable the recipients to make informed choices. The process of risk communication is complicated by the many contributors, including experts, lay people, risk managers, media, and other stakeholders. It is a two-way process that requires respecting and listening to the contributors. The risk message and its originator are crucial components that account for the success of risk communication.Communication campaigns aim at raising awareness of hygienic food preparation at home, changing risk behavior, and reducing the number of foodborne infections. By considering the determinants of risk perception and the rules for communicating effectively, risk communication can help preventing foodborne infections and improve public health.

… focus on communication through social media about food safety and/or infectious diseases. … use in food safety and infectious disease risk communication. The information gleaned from …

Concept of “risk analysis” in food safety management needs to be understood to assess, manage, and communicate risks for proper implementation of food safety policies, food laws, and standards, in a country. Science-based approaches, which are an integral part of risk analysis to improve modern food safety systems, are intimately linked to processes such as good quality practices. Risk analysis strengthens the ability of traditional food safety systems to meet current challenges. Risk analysis is just one part of an effective food safety system. Other components of food safety system like food safety policies, food legislation, food inspection, laboratory analysis, epidemiological surveillance of food-borne diseases, monitoring systems for chemical and microbiological contamination in foods, and information, education and communication, also need to be improved continuously. “Food safety controls” are now being replaced by “risk-based controls” in all stages of food production.

… assessors, regulators, and the food industry), to our knowledge there has been no systematic analysis of the different approaches to risk communication, and (if applicable) underlying …

… and risk analysis systems is described as a potential basis for improved foodborne disease … to significantly reduce the risk of microbiological foodborne diseases. Dealing with this …

In late 2020, dried wood ear mushrooms, a low-moisture food ingredient that had been imported and sold to restaurants, were linked to a foodborne outbreak of Salmonella Stanley, which sickened 55 individuals across the United States. These mushrooms are commonly used in Asian cuisine. It's unclear if the contaminated dried wood ear mushrooms that caused the foodborne illnesses were improperly handled during preparation. The objectives of this study are to assess the handling practices, risk perceptions, and food recall experiences of dried wood ear mushrooms in restaurant kitchens among Asian restaurant managers and chefs. We conducted a series of telephone interviews with managers and chefs of Asian restaurants in the United States who used dried wood ear mushrooms in making dishes. After reaching information saturation, a total of 25 restaurant managers and chefs participated in the interview. Our results showed that 76% of the participants did not keep track of package information, such as expiration date and lot number, and many participants reported using cold water for rehydration. Wood ear mushrooms were blanched before being used in all cold dishes and most stir-fry dishes, but less commonly in stew or ramen. Some participants (16%) did not view dried wood ear mushrooms as a raw food ingredient, and 16% did not perceive that low-moisture food ingredients constituted microbiological food safety risks. The majority of the participants had heard of food recalls, but only 17% knew about the dried wood ear mushroom recall, and even fewer had heard of food recalls of other low-moisture foods, like nuts and seeds (9%), and flour (4%). While this study shares similarities with previously published studies evaluating the handling practices of consumers and restaurant employees with respect to meat and poultry, it makes a distinctive contribution to the field of food safety as the first-of-its-kind to study the handling practices of a low-moisture food ingredient: dried wood ear mushrooms. This unique ethnic food ingredient has been associated with a past outbreak and multiple recalls in the United States. The findings of the study show the need to develop food safety educational programs that are tailored toward Asian restaurant food handlers and provide guidance to develop risk communication strategies for this niche audience.

… risk perception towards the consumption of wild mushrooms … s perception of radioactive contamination of wild mushrooms. Furthermore, it was possible to confront public perception with …

This study investigates the cultural transmission of mushroom knowledge through an iterated learning paradigm, focusing on how content-based and model-based biases shape transmission across generations. Norwegian participants, predominantly mycophobic, were arranged in seven linear transmission chains of eight generations each, interacting in dyads. A trained confederate provided initial information about 24 mushrooms regarding edibility (poisonous/edible/inedible), accompanying facts (death/survival/neutral), and the information source's familiarity (familiar/unfamiliar). Results revealed a strong bias toward labeling mushrooms as poisonous, reflecting cultural caution. Model-based biases (familiarity) did not significantly influence transmission, while content-based biases (fact type) affected early fidelity, especially survival-related facts. Over generations, details beyond edibility were progressively lost, with transmission converging on simplified edibility judgments. This suggests cumulative cultural simplification prioritizing survival-relevant information. These findings imply that cultural attitudes influence the transmission of high-risk content, amplifying caution across generations. Despite limitations, this study offers novel empirical data on mushroom knowledge transmission in a mycophobic context and lays the groundwork for cross-cultural comparisons with mycophilic societies.

How do mushroom foragers make safe and efficient decisions under uncertainty, or deal with the genuine risks of misiden-tification and poisoning? This article is an inquiry into ecological rationality, heuristics, perception, and decision-makingin mushroom foraging. By surveying 894 Finnish mushroom foragers, this article illustrates how socially learned rules of thumb and heuristics are used in mushroom foraging, and how simple heuristics are often complemented by more complex and intuitive decision-making. The results illustrate how traditional foraging cultures have evolved precautionary heuristics to deal with uncertainties and poisonous species, and how foragers develop selective attention through experience. The study invites us to consider whether other human foraging cultures might use heuristics similarly, how and why such traditions have culturally evolved, and whether early hunter-gatherers might have used simple heuristics to deal with uncertainty.

… to the design of effective campaign strategies in the health domain. First, … health campaigns and offers promising innovative strategies … and by generating public relations publicity. Use a …

… Since many health behaviors are complex, health behavior change … of effective branding strategies a key objective for public health. … branding as a public health strategy. Based on our …

… Now that we have presented some strategies for externally-caused public health problems, … strategies for internally-caused public health problems. 4.2 Communication Strategies for …

… strategies. This paper describes the field of social marketing as it is used to improve the … to promotion through channels including personal selling, publicity, and promotional events. The …

Public relations—a marketing communications method involving the use of publicity and other unpaid promotional methods to deliver messages—historically has served as the communicative workhorse of the health services industry, representing the predominant pathway over many decades by which health and medical facilities conveyed stories to the public. While other components of the marketing communications mix, perhaps most notably that of advertising, have now captured a significant portion of interest, attention, and use by healthcare establishments, public relations remains a valuable communicative avenue when deployed properly. As an unpaid method of promotion, public relations is uniquely positioned among its counterparts in the marketing communications mix which require direct expenditures to reach audiences. Typically effected by preparing and submitting press releases to news media firms in hopes that they, in turn, will present given stories to their audiences, limitations are somewhat obvious as transmission control rests with external entities. But overcoming limitations is possible with prudent strategies. This article presents Willis-Knighton Health System’s associated strategies, along with a range of public relations insights from decades of deployment experience. Prudently deployed and led by guiding strategies, public relations offers health and medical organizations opportunities to engage audiences in an efficient and highly credible manner. Courtesy of its unique properties, public relations capably can complement other marketing communications, operating synergistically to help healthcare institutions achieve their conveyance goals, fostering exchange and bolstering market share. Careful operationalization of this marketing communications avenue can help healthcare establishments realize their full communicative potential.

Health literacy of urban communities in Indonesia is generally still relatively low. Stunting problems, high maternal mortality rates, tuberculosis, non-communicable diseases, and complete basic immunization coverage, are strategic issues that are a priority for health development, because they are considered still dangerous. The five health problems in the community occurred due to the low health literacy. Social awareness, understanding, and prevention of health problems, can be done by promoting health and counseling and empowering public health. Especially for urban communities in developing countries including Indonesia, health promotion and education can be done through creative publicity. The research method for elaborating and assessing problems is a case study method for discovering the creativity and strategy of publicity utilization by hospitals on public health literacy. Creative utilization of various types of communication media and creative content packaging is needed in health publicity. Publicity as a part of health promotion, is one of the performance of all hospitals in West Java, and is part of the performance of the Office of Health in Indonesia. The results shows that the publicity has a significant effect in building the health literacy of urban communities, but not for people on the coast and mountains. The media used for publicity is not optimal, and the content is not yet creative. Coverage and publicity collaboration with the media is also still not a priority program of the hospital. The strategic model for the creative use of publicity was found as a result of research and recommendations for communication media users in health sector.

… downstream strategies to … publicity across multiple media outlets to inform the public of the program, promote specific healthy behaviors, encourage the use of existing and new health…