高铁开通对城市生态韧性的影响：产业结构升级机制、绿色技术创新机制、环境规制强化机制的中介机制

21 世纪以来，我国高铁建设飞速发展，极大地促进了信息等要素的传递。利用高铁开通这一准自然实验衡量环境监管效率的变化，采用双重差分法，从环境监管视角研究高铁开通对企业环保投资的影响。研究发现，高铁开通使沿线城市上市公司环保投资规模有所提升，这一关系在新《环保法》实施后以及距离环保厅较远的情况下更为显著。进一步，高铁开通对企业环保投资的促进作用在国有企业、地方政府环保意识较强、企业环境信息披露较差的情况下更为显著。结果表明，高铁开通为环境监管活动提供了便利，促进了企业环境信息的跨地区流动，有利于提高环境监管效率，促使企业转变发展模式，提供了交通基础设施建设影响企业高质量发展的经验证据。

… role on social resilience and infrastructure resilience, and has a negative effect on ecological resilience. (3) The driving effects of HSR on the resilience of core cities, large cities, and …

… , in contrast to other cities, high-speed rails increase carbon emissions in resource-based cities. … Table 3 Mediating roles of green innovation and environmental resilience between HSR …

With improved productivity, the impact of social and economic development on the ecological environment is becoming more and more significant, and the transformation of transportation modes often accompanies the transformation of the economic development mode. It is essential to study the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on the environment. This article constructs a compiled index Ecological Environment Pressure (EEP) evaluation system. The spatial analysis tool is then used to explore the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of EEP in China. The Difference-in-Difference (DID) method and the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method are used to quantitatively calculate the impact of HSR operations on EEP based on Panel Data. The results show that the EEP in China decreased significantly from 2003 to 2018, and therefore the quality of China’s ecological environment is improving. The regression coefficient of HSR on EEP is significantly negative, indicating that HSR operations will reduce EEP. Additionally, the HSR operation in the eastern and central regions negatively impacts the EEP. At the same time, the HSR operations will also reduce the EEP of resource-based cities, especially for resource-based cities in the central region. The degree of industrial transformation (DIT) and degree of employment transformation (DET), combined with the implementation of HSR operations, can significantly reduce the EEP. It is suggested to formulate more focused actions and policies to reduce EEP and effectively promote sustainable social development.

Ecological civilization construction is China’s national development strategy, and improving the urban eco-environmental quality is the key to accelerating this strategy, while the high-speed rail (HSR) opening is an important factor affecting the urban eco-environmental quality. Using panel data of 290 cities in China from 2004 to 2020, this study explores the impact of HSR opening on urban eco-environmental quality and its heterogeneity from the perspective of direct impact and interaction between HSR connected cities. Compared with cities without HSR service, the eco-environmental quality of cities with HSR service has significantly increased by 0.023 standard deviations, which is about 4.11% of the total change in urban eco-environmental quality in the same period. Second, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between eco-environmental quality and urban space expansion. Third, the impact of HSR on eco-environmental quality is heterogeneous, mainly manifested in different cities and urban agglomerations. It means that the government should focus on the differences in the economic foundation and development characteristics of various regions, steadily push forward the construction and operation of the HSR, and speed up the renovation of existing lines to help the green development of cities. The research results provide a policy basis for the government to handle the relationship between infrastructure construction and eco-environmental quality, and effectively promote green sustainable development.

With the spread of “urban disease”, urban livability has aroused common concern in academic circles at home and abroad. High-speed railway opening is substantially affecting the development of cities. Based on the data of 271 cities in China from 2005 to 2018, this paper applies the entropy method to calculate urban livability level, and then the difference-in-differences (DID) model and mediatory effect model are constructed to test the impact and mechanism of high-speed railway (HSR) opening on urban livability. The findings show that: (1) Overall, HSR opening has significantly improved urban livability by 13.04%. After alleviating the endogenous problem and conducting a series of robustness tests, the conclusions are still valid. (2) Mechanism analysis indicates that HSR opening improves urban livability by promoting economic growth, talent agglomeration and industrial structure upgrading. Among them, the industrial structure upgrading effect is the strongest, followed by talent agglomeration and economic growth. (3) The heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of HSR opening on urban livability is more significant in the central and western regions and large-sized cities. Accordingly, the feasible path to improve urban livability through HSR opening is proposed. Finally, in the face of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world economy, more channels to enhance urban livability are expected to cope with the future “the global talent war”.

High-speed rail (HSR) represents a significant advancement in low-carbon transportation, offering both efficiency and environmental benefits. This study delves into the impact of HSR …

… -level cities to investigate the impact of high-speed railways on … high-speed railway operations on environmental sustainability (Sun and Li, 2021; Qin et al., 2023). Leveraging macro-city …

In 2017, China released the statement of High-Quality Development in response to the sustainable development goals proposed by the United Nations. As the spatial carriers of human economic, social, and cultural development, cities should be updated in order to enter a new period of high-quality urban development. In this paper, we use a multi-period DID model, consider the opening of high-speed railways as a quasi-natural experiment, and use the panel data of 285 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2007 to 2020 to empirically analyze the effect of high-speed railway (HSR) opening on urban development quality and explore its transmission mechanism. The empirical results find that the HSR opening can significantly promote the level of high-quality urban development. The results remain the same after robustness tests such as PSM-DID and placebo tests. The study mechanism suggests that the HSR opening can significantly improve the quality of urban development through a population agglomeration effect, while capital agglomeration has a masking effect between the HSR opening and high-quality urban development. Further results show that there is heterogeneity in the impact of HSR opening on the high-quality development of cities in different regions and sizes, in which the boosting effect of HSR opening on the development quality of cities in eastern and western regions is more significant compared to cities in central regions; the boosting effect of HSR opening on the high-quality development level of medium-sized cities is stronger.

… Third, the innovation factors’ mobility activates a transformation in the pattern of supply and demand, which leads to the industrial structure upgrading. Innovation factors trigger new …

The continuous improvement of transportation infrastructure is an important support for achieving high-quality development, while the high-quality characteristics of development will inevitably promote the process of economic and social sustainability. From the dual perspectives of economic transformation and people’s social livelihoods, we regard the opening of a high-speed railway (HSR) in China’s cities as a quasi-natural experiment, and utilize the difference-in-difference (DID) method to examine the impact of improved transportation infrastructure on the high-quality development of prefecture-level cities and its action mechanism. This study is the first to incorporate HSR openings and environmental regulation into the same framework, focusing on the high-quality development problem of cities. The empirical results reveal that: (1) the opening of an HSR can advance industrial structure upgrading and increase social employment level, thereby promoting the high-quality development of cities; (2) the intensity of environmental regulation is an important action mechanism that affects such relationships, but it presents two different influences on an HSR’s industrial effect and employment effect, that is, inhibition and reinforcement, respectively; and (3) urban heterogeneity tests illustrate that an HSR opening plays a more significant role in promoting the high-quality development of China’s eastern region cities and non-resource-based cities. Our findings are beneficial to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of decision-makers’ investment in transportation infrastructure as well as to facilitate the benign interaction between the national HSR policy and local environmental regulation strategies, thereby achieving the high-quality and sustainable development of urban economy and society.

… shows that HSR reduces the total fossil energy consumption of enterprises by promoting industrial structure upgrading, enhancing innovation level and promoting enterprise upgrading. …

ABSTRACT This paper presents the first empirical attempt to examine the impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) and industrial transformation on China’s ecological efficiency (EE), using a data set of 251 cities during 2003–2016. Results show that instituting HSR is beneficial to green growth; a one-point increase in HSR leads to approximately 2% growth in EE. The potential mechanism test indicates that HSR significantly improved EE through industrial transformation, and did so economically. We also found that HSR strengthened impacts of static and dynamic industrial transformation on EE. However, the productivity growth effect of HSR was not statistically significant.

Green development is the main theme of modern development in China and even the world. Green development depends on green technology innovation (GTI). Therefore, for developing countries like China in the stage of economic transition, it is urgent to accelerate GTI to gain sustained advantages in the new round of international competition. As an important representative of contemporary rapid transportation, high-speed railway (HSR) can not only alleviate the rapidly growing transportation demand of the public, but also have potential benefits to the energy consumption structure and environmental quality. Whether and how HSR affects GTI has become the focus of this paper. Hence, by employing the panel data of 286 cities in China from 2007 to 2018 with the time-varying DID model, this paper verifies that HSR development can contribute to GTI. The main findings of this paper are as follows: (1) The operation of HSR can not only make the incremental development of GTI, but also improve the quality of GTI simultaneously. Moreover, the quality improvement effect of HSR is greater than the quantity increment effect. (2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive effect of HSR on GTI is more significant for cities that have implemented LCCP. (3) This paper verifies the mediating effect of high-quality human capital. The opening of HSR further stimulates GTI by improving the level of high-quality human capital in cities and increasing the opportunities for knowledge exchange and diffusion. Based on the above findings, this paper proposes some policy recommendations to help developing countries achieve GTI with positive externalities.

… the introduction of high-speed train systems … green innovation. Thus, this research probes the hypothesis that the establishment of high-speed train networks can trigger green innovation…

Mankind is seeking a green development path. This paper places emphasis on whether high-speed railways (HSRs), as a typical representative of green transportation, can effectively promote green technology innovation in cities. Based on the panel data of 286 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2007 to 2018, we employ the Panel Negative Binomial Regression Model and the Spatial Dubin Model for empirical analysis. The results illustrate that the expansion of HSRs not only has a direct and substantial promotion influence on local green technology innovation but also on the surrounding area. We further find that circulation node cities reap more benefits of the opening of HSRs than other ordinary cities. The higher the degree of marketization, the weaker the marginal impact of HSRs on green technology innovation. Meanwhile, the mechanism test confirms that HSRs can indirectly stimulate the progress of green technology innovation by influencing the creative class flow and the government’s environmental concerns. Our findings present new insights for enhancing green technology innovation and provide policy recommendations for local governments to take advantage of HSRs to obtain resources.

Abstract Growth effects of high-speed railway (HSR) have received increasing attention from scholars. However, little attention has been paid to HSR’s effect on green innovation. To bridge this gap, using the difference in differences method, this paper aims to provide insights on how HSR affects green innovation from the perspective of innovation factor mobility, by employing the 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China in 2005–2016. The main findings are as follows: (1) Although the effects derived from HSR are heterogeneous, HSR significantly drives green innovation efficiency by 11.3%, which reveals that HSR is a critical variable for understanding the growth of green innovation. (2) This paper presents evidence that HSR promotes the mobility of innovative factors and then contributes to green innovation efficiency, based on which heterogeneity is explored. (3) HSR’s effect on green innovation efficiency has a dynamic experience over time and shows an inverted U-shaped curve characterized by “increased first and then decreased,” which peaks in the 5th or 6th year. (4) Green innovation growth effects of HSR have spatial proximity: for every 1% increase in distance, the green innovation effect decreases by 0.0061%–0.0124%. A farther distance to an HSR station induces a lower growth effect. (5) This paper concludes with recommendations to improve green innovation through HSR construct and innovative factor mobility.

Significant progress has been achieved in the construction of transportation infrastructure in China, where a high-speed rail network of considerable scale and high operational speed has been formed. Against the backdrop of China’s current keynote on “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality,” the high-speed rail as a modern, green mode of transport, has become a key force in promoting green technological innovation and maintaining sustainable economic development. This paper focuses on the relationship between the opening of high-speed rail and urban green innovation and the mechanisms behind it. This study utilized panel data on Chinese cities from 2000 to 2018, taking the opening of high-speed rail as a quasi-natural experiment. It focuses on the impact and mechanism of the opening of the high-speed railway on urban green innovation by using the double-difference space Durbin model. Findings indicate that high-speed rail plays a significant role in promoting urban green innovation and that the spatial spillover effect is substantial. The results of the heterogeneity test indicate that high-speed rail can enhance urban green innovation in non-resource-based cities. The impact mechanism of high-speed railways on urban green innovation mainly comes from the flow of innovative personnel and capital, a strategy of local governments to strengthen environmental regulations and improve regional advantages. This paper also indicates that high-speed rail has an inverted U-shaped trend in promoting urban green innovation, and the optimal radius is 200 km from the nucleus city.

This study examines the impact of China's high-speed rail (HSR) on green technological innovation (GTI). Empirical analysis shows that HSR development significantly increases the …

Exploiting China’s high-speed rail (HSR) as a quasi-natural experiment, we examine the relationship between the HSR connection and green innovation. The opening of HSR can promote green innovation by facilitating the flow of innovation factors. Using the multiperiod difference-in-differences (DID) model, we find that the regional green innovation performance significantly becomes better following the opening of HSR in the local city. Moreover, in examining the specific mechanisms at work, we find evidence that HSR stimulates green patents through increased labor mobility and research capital mobility. Further analyses show that the facilitating effect of HSR is heterogeneous among cities. Our paper sheds new light on the effects of HSR on social welfare in the case of sustainable economy.

The green economy is essential in supporting sustainable economic development and relies on talents and technologies. From the perspective of traditional economic theory, this study explores the impact of high-speed rail and innovation on the green economy from the perspectives of talent and technology. Using the data of 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2018, this study constructs empirical models to discuss the driving factors of the green economy. Empirical results show that high-speed rail and innovation can promote the development of a green economy, and the opening of high-speed rail can strengthen the positive association between innovation and a green economy. The accessibility of high-speed rail improves the flow of talent between different cities and greatly stimulates the positive impact of innovation on green economic activities. In the further test, this study explores the impact of high-speed rail and innovation on the green economy from different dimensions, including government policy, economic strength, and administrative level. During China’s 12th Five-Year Plan, high-speed rail and innovation had a positive impact on the green economy, but the impact of innovation can still be significant after this period. Moreover, the opening of high-speed rail may motivate the migration of talents from developed cities to developing ones, while developed cities can rely on technological advantages to support green economic activities. Furthermore, low-administrative level cities will rely on attracting more talents to promote a green economy due to technological disadvantages. Innovation can play a critical role in enhancing the green economy of cities with high administrative levels. Talents and technology are both important to green economic activities, and the construction of high-speed rail changes the impact of technology on the green economy through the flow of talent. Our findings can explain why the opening of high-speed rail can promote the development of a green economy and effectively help governments achieve the goal of sustainable development.

Transportation infrastructure is essential to regional innovation systems, and the high-speed railway (HSR) is reshaping China’s regional innovation pattern. Previous research lacks an analysis of the impact of opening an HSR on urban traditional and green innovation. This paper uses urban panel data from 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019 to study the impact and mechanism of opening an HSR on urban innovation from a comparative perspective. The results of a multi-period difference-in-difference (DID) model show that opening an HSR can promote both traditional and green urban innovation, especially impacting urban green innovation. A further analysis of the mechanism of action found that high-quality talent and communication infrastructures are two crucial mechanisms of transmission for the opening of an HSR to affect urban innovation. In addition, heterogeneity analysis showed that opening an HSR promotes traditional urban and green innovation for cities in general. However, for central cities, the opening of an HSR has no significant impact on green innovation and has little effect on promoting traditional innovation. The policy inspiration of this paper is that, in the face of an innovation gap and the inequality of regional innovation and development, the construction of HSRs should be promoted according to local conditions. Construction and layout resources should be shifted from central cities to general cities to narrow the regional innovation gap. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the roles of the flow of high-quality talent and communication infrastructure in promoting urban innovation and sustainable urban development.

… As a major technological innovation, high-speed railway (… , green innovation is a critical catalyst for sustainable development. However, the impact of HSR on regional green innovation …

… opening of high-speed rail (HSR) … green development with the panel dataset including 281 cities in China from 2006 to 2019. According to the empirical results, HSR can facilitate green …

… The results show that high-speed rail is conductive to reducing total … technological innovation. Meanwhile, we observe that the energy consumption reduction induced by high-speed rail …

In an era during which the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, high-speed railway (HSR), as one of the key influencers of urban green development, has a significant impact on urban green finance and green productivity. This paper uses HSR as a quasi-natural experiment to study the effect of HSR openings on green productivity in Chinese cities. The empirical results show that, first, the opening of HSR is conducive to the sustained improvement of green productivity in Chinese cities. Second, the opening of HSR makes a significant contribution to the improvement of green productivity in large-scale cities as well as cities in the east and central regions. Third, the opening of HSR can positively impact urban green productivity through the mechanism of green finance development. However, this positive impact tends to first increase and then decrease over time. As the relationship between “finance” and “environment,” green finance has an important impact on the green development of cities. These findings will provide positive and useful references for cities to formulate reasonable green development plans in the post-COVID-19 era.

We estimate the impact of transportation on environmental pollution in China by using a comprehensive establishment-level pollution-discharge dataset between 2002 and 2012. Our empirical strategy explores China’s high-speed rail (HSR) rollouts as a plausibly exogenous shock on transportation improvements. An event study shows that the parallel trends assumption is violated, which suggests the need to control for city-specific trends. The difference-in-differences framework then reveals that HSR has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on both air and water pollution discharge intensities. Nevertheless, we observe several salient heterogeneity effects. HSR both reduces pollution from heavily polluting industries, and also alleviates air pollution in central cities, the central areas of a city, and cities with a larger proportion of secondary industry. We interpret these heterogeneity effects according to the industrial and spatial restructuring of economies due to HSR.

… Based on this method, this paper uses an adjacency matrix to construct a spatial Dubin DID model to analyze the impact of HSR on environmental pollution in surrounding cities. The …

This study utilizes the opening of high-speed rail as a quasi-natural experiment and employs panel data from 281 Chinese cities at or above the prefectural level from 2003 to 2019 to empirically examine the impact of high-speed rail development on environmental pollution. The results indicate that the opening of high-speed rail significantly reduces environmental pollution, with varying degrees of effects on three types of industrial pollutants. The empirical findings pass the parallel trends test and dynamic effect test, revealing a lag of one year for the impact of high-speed rail on environmental pollution and an increasing effect on reducing industrial pollutant emissions over time. In this study, the core explanatory variable is replaced by the frequency of high-speed rail, and the baseline regression results demonstrate that an increase in high-speed rail frequency can decrease industrial pollutant emissions, with varying degrees of impact on different pollutants, ensuring the robustness of the results. Mechanism testing shows that the opening of high-speed rail can reduce environmental pollution through industrial structural adjustment and technological progress.

… HSR opening on urban environmental efficiency while also analyzing the influence of an HSR network on environmental … opened HSR since 2007, we construct a continuous DID model …

With the firm level datasets from 2004 to 2014, this paper uses the difference in differences (DID) estimator to explore the effects of China's high-speed rail (HSR) on firms' environmental efficiency. We find that China's HSR lowered SO2 intensity (SO2 per unit output value) by approximately 7.9%. More importantly, firms reduce SO2 intensity mainly through innovation, productivity improvement, and the agglomeration of firms. Our additional analyses show that these observed effects of HSR are mainly driven by firms in core cities, while the environmental efficiency of firms in the peripheral cities seems to be unaffected. Heterogeneous effects indicate that the HSR has a more significant effect on dirty firms, state-owned firms, foreign firms, and large firms. Our results suggest that HSR construction could have contributed to the China's environmental governance.

… This indicates that the introduction of an HSR influences pollution and the DID parallel trend … of HSRs on environmental regulations, and the coefficient of HSR is significantly positive (β …

… HSR did improve accessibility, but there was … HSR on energy use, carbon emissions, and environmental pollution is explored in detail in the fifth section. Li and Cheng (2022) think HSR …

SO_2 emissions have brought serious hidden danger to human health and environmental quality, thus hindering sustainable economic development. The development of high-speed rail indirectly has an important impact on SO_2 emissions through its economic effects. Controlling SO_2 emissions from the source has increasingly become the focus of many scholars, and it is very important to assess the environmental effects of high-speed rail on SO_2 emissions reduction. We use the panel data of 285 cities in China from 2007 to 2017, and adopt the spatial Difference-in-Differences model to study the impact of the opening of high-speed rail on SO_2 emissions. We also introduce an improved spatial DID model that distinguishes neighboring treatment groups and neighboring control groups to test the spatial spillover effect of high-speed rail on neighboring heterogeneous samples. We find that the opening of high-speed rail significantly reduces the city’s SO_2 emissions through the internal accumulation effect of technological innovation and industrial structure optimization and the urban external interaction mechanism of the cross-regional flow of production factors. Moreover, the spatial spillover effect of the opening of high-speed rail on neighboring cities is significantly positive, especially the spatial spillover effect of HSR on SO_2 emissions from neighboring cities without HSR. In addition, heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect varies with the different cities’ tiers and income levels. These findings are conducive to accurately assessing the environmental effects of high-speed rail, and provide important policy references for achieving sustainable development and reducing SO_2 emissions.

… despite the net positive effect of HSR. This research provides critical insights for … HSR, it is essential to implement differentiated policies precisely, optimize the environmental regulatory …

… (SDM) and DID model to test the spatial spillover effect of HSR on carbon productivity. This … current research on the economic and environmental effects of HSR. In conclusion, this paper …

… that allow HSR to promote firm environmental performance. Our … of introduction of HSR on firm environmental performance and … (DID) analysis shows that the effect of HSR opening on …

… , the relationship between High-speed railways (HSR) and … difference-in-difference (DID) method was used to investigate … study highlights the environmental effects of HSR from both …

… of the HSR not only improves the transportation environment among … efficiency but did not include the environmental impact of … In response to the importance of environmental protection, …

Considering the opening of high-speed railway (HSR) as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper explores the emission reduction effect of HSR opening and its mechanisms and heterogeneity characteristics based on the panel data of 272 cities in China from 2006 to 2019 by staggered DID model and the mediating effect model. It is found that (1) the opening of HSR significantly reduces the carbon emission level of cities, and the conclusion still holds after controlling the endogeneity issue and a series of robustness tests; (2) Bancon decomposition and negative weight diagnostics both show that the estimated average treatment effect bias is small and the robust estimators are more robust; (3) by reducing production costs and promoting inter-regional industrial division of labor, the opening of HSR promotes intra-industrial structural transformation and inter-industrial structural transformation, respectively, thus reducing urban carbon emissions. At the same time, HSR achieves urban carbon emission reduction by promoting free movement of population and human capital agglomeration; and (4) further study finds that there is regional heterogeneity in the emission reduction effect of HSR opening, and the carbon reduction effect is mainly reflected in large and medium-sized cities, near provincial capitals, non-resource-based cities, and cities with rich educational resources, which indicates that the location of future HSR should be combined with the city’s own characteristics and be tailored to the city.

分析城市生态韧性的社会网络以及影响因素有助于促进区域绿色协同发展。选取黄河流域63个地级市2012—2021年相关数据，构建压力-状态-反应模型。采用CRITIC-TOPSIS、引力模型、多尺度地理加权回归模型分析黄河流域城市生态韧性、联动关系以及影响因素。结果表明：（1） 黄河流域生态韧性总体在0.5左右波动，表现为“上游>下游>中游”，各流域年平均涨幅分别为0.41%、0.30%、0.40%。（2） 黄河流域大致可分为7个主要城市网络（N 1 ~N 7 ），上、中、下游的流域聚集程度和城市关联程度依次不断升高。（3） 考虑直接作用、调节作用以及替代效应的影响，产业结构高级化对城市网络N 1 ~N 4 的城市生态韧性提升作用更大，影响系数分别为0.4213、0.4210、0.5085、0.8883，而产业结构合理化更有利于提升城市网络N 5 ~N 7 的城市生态韧性，影响系数分别为0.8483、0.5669、0.8128。

严寒地区长达6个月以上的冬季使城市面临更加独特且多元的气候问题，如低温、冷风、冰雪等，这种复杂气候对城市安全的影响成为严寒地区城市设计亟待解决的问题。通过系统性文献综述，梳理既有研究针对城市设计要素与气候韧性关系达成的共识性认知，得到气候韧性视角下城市设计不同维度构成要素的属性特征。以此为基础，针对严寒地区独特多元的气候问题，提出包含调蓄旱涝的生态安全格局、多样连通的生物安全格局、多中心紧凑型城市形态格局、改善雾霾的多层级通风廊道格局、改善冬季光环境舒适性的公共空间体系等内容的气候韧性导向的城市设计框架，并结合住建部城市设计试点项目长春市总体城市设计进行实践应用。以期为中国严寒地区开展应对气候灾害的韧性城市设计提供方法框架和技术指引。

河流水系、交通网络与城镇聚落的发展、演化的相关性是区域系统韧性研究中的重要切入点。京杭大运河在历史上扮演了南北交通大动脉的角色，带动并影响了沿线城市的发展。通过历史文献分析，利用核密度分析、缓冲区分析等地理信息空间分析方法，对清中后期以来不同时期运河沿线城市聚落及南北水陆交通网络空间分布特征、演化过程、耦合关系及相互作用机制进行探究。随着区域自然环境、行政区划等要素的演化以及现代高速交通网络的建设与发展，大运河与沿线交通网络及城市聚落之间的演化过程表现出双向选择、协同发展的动态关系。由此，将运河沿线城市归纳为5种类型：相互促进型、自身优势型、交通驱动型、运河依赖型和新兴交通型。在演化过程中，韧性成为运河沿线城市顺利优化转型并融入新的区域发展体系、重塑城市新生的关键属性。

中国经济进入新时代，产业转型升级是高质量发展的核心和关键。文章将高铁途经城市的站点开通视为一个准自然实验，采用多期双重差分方法实证检验了交通基础设施改善对产业结构升级的影响及作用机制。研究发现：从总体上看，交通基础设施改善能够显著提升当地产业结构的合理化和高级化水平，在考虑了一系列可能干扰估计结果的因素后结果仍然稳健。进一步的中介效应检验发现，交通基础设施改善显著促进了要素在城市间的流动，并通过规模经济效应、技术创新效应和资本劳动配置优化这三种效应的发挥推动了产业结构升级。其中，规模经济效应对产业结构合理化和高级化的贡献最大，技术创新和资本劳动配置效应次之。异质性检验和机制分解结果表明，交通基础设施改善对经济发展水平和基础较好的城市的产业结构高级化的推动作用更显著，且产业结构的高级化变动主要源于城市间资源的优化再配置；而经济发展基础相对较差的城市在高铁开通后主要受益于城市内资源的优化再配置，产业结构的合理化水平有更显著的提升。因此，要继续通过发展和优化高铁网络来提高资源配置效率，以改革创新深度挖掘和持续释放高铁开通的资源再配置效应，为经济发展新常态下的产业结构升级和高质量发展提供支撑力量。

高铁建设进一步完善了我国的交通网络体系，这对地区经济时空格局将产生深远影响。文章采用2000-2016年地级市辖区数据构建“反事实”框架下的双重差分模型，研究高铁开通对我国地区产业结构升级的因果净效应。结果发现，高铁建设显著提升了地区产业结构由低级向高级转变的高级化进程，且东、中部地区高铁开通的净效应显著，西部地区却不明显，稳健性检验结果依然显著。进一步从资源再配置视角检验高铁建设的作用机制，研究发现，高铁开通加速了地区劳动力流通和资本积累，并且高铁建设主要通过提升资本和劳动力再配置效应来实现地区产业结构由低级向高级的动态转化。同时劳动力和资本再配置效率存在明显的区域差异性，即东、中部地区劳动力和资本再配置效率显著高于西部地区，具有潜在的“俱乐部收敛”特征。

数字经济是经济发展提质增效的新动能和新引擎，对产业结构的转型升级具有重要驱动作用。在理论分析的基础上，从产业转型速度、产业结构高度化以及产业结构合理化三个维度对产业结构的转型升级进行分解，以区域创新创业指数表征城市创新创业水平，采用2011—2018年我国城市面板数据实证考察数字经济发展的产业结构转型升级效应及其作用机制。研究发现：(1)数字经济能显著提升产业转型速度、产业结构高度化和产业结构合理化，且基于互联网发展和数字普惠金融发展的分析结果趋同。(2)数字经济对产业结构转型升级的效应具有边际报酬递增的后发性优势，且东中西部区域异质性特征明显，其中中部地区是未来数字经济发展的重心。(3)从城市规模看，中等城市和大城市是数字经济驱动产业转型升级的重要着力点；从城市等级来看，二三线城市是产业转型的关键所在。(4)中介效应分析显示，创新创业水平是数字经济产业转型升级效应的重要传导路径，数字经济通过激发区域创新创业活力可加快产业转型速度、促进产业结构的高度化和合理化。以上结论对探索中国城市数字经济可持续发展、助推其与产业结构转型升级深度融合具有一定的参考意义。

高铁快速发展带来整体经济的突飞猛进，也带来小城发展变化。文章通过选取2010至2018年881个小城市的面板数据，研究高铁建设对小城发展的影响。研究发现：高铁开通可能引致部分小城人口的外流，或许加剧了部分小城人口的空心化程度。作用机制甄别结果表明，高铁通过引致消费需求外流、滞后产业结构升级和助推房价攀升途径予以实现，其中滞后产业结构升级是更为重要的传导途径。异质性分析结果表明，对不同规模的小城市而言，高铁开通可能造成人口流失的程度具有明显差异性，城区人口规模在0−20万的小城市，人口流失程度要明显低于城区人口规模在20−50万的小城市。进一步研究发现，高铁建设并未形成开通高铁小城和未通高铁小城间的经济增长差距；同时，对于开通高铁小城间的内部经济增长差距，也未得到有效验证。总之，小城应充分考虑自身区位劣势、资源禀赋 and 产业布局等条件，在符合高质量发展的要求下发展高铁经济。

“双碳”目标下，绿色技术创新在权衡经济高质量发展与降碳目标方面发挥重要作用。基于2006—2021年中国19个城市群地区的209个地级市面板数据，在刻画绿色技术创新与碳排放时空演变格局基础上，实证探究了绿色技术创新对碳排放的非线性影响，并讨论了人力资本对该影响的调节效应。研究发现：（1）2006—2021年中国城市群绿色技术创新水平整体呈上升趋势，碳排放增速先增后降，且绿色技术创新水平较高的城市群碳排放增速明显低于创新水平较低的城市群；（2）绿色技术创新影响碳排放呈先促进后抑制的倒“U”型关系，且受城市群等级、地理区位、低碳政策、城市产业结构以及城市规模的影响；（3）人力资本对绿色技术创新影响碳排放存在显著调节作用，人力资本的增加一方面强化了倒“U”型曲线拐点前的正向作用和拐点后的负向作用，另一方面使绿色技术创新水平的降碳阈值右移。研究结论为“双碳”目标下以提升人力资本为抓手，充分发挥绿色技术创新的降碳效应，贯彻绿色低碳发展理念提供了理论支撑和经验证据。

采用超效率SBM模型对中国绿色科技创新效率进行测度,并基于引力模型构建空间关联网络,进而对网络结构特征及网络影响因素进行分析。结果表明：①中国绿色科技创新效率总体呈波动增长态势,东部地区明显高于中、西部地区,近年来东部地区效率增长相对平稳,中部地区增长较大,而西部地区下降较为明显。②中国已形成一个结构稳定的绿色科技创新效率空间关联网络,网络关系数、网络密度波动增长,网络效率不断下降,但仍具有较强的小世界性。③网络核心—边缘结构明显,上海、北京、浙江处于中心位置,中介作用显著,新疆、宁夏、内蒙古等偏远省份处于边缘位置。④四大板块内部联系稀疏,板块间联系紧密,溢出效应较强。⑤相邻矩阵、经济发展水平差异矩阵、开放程度差异矩阵显著正向影响空间关联,而地理距离、知识基础差异矩阵显著负向影响空间关联关系的建立。

本文以中国高铁技术创新实践为例，分析一种由政府主导的，既合作又竞争的技术创新模式。笔者在原有发展型国家分析框架的基础上，引入新经济社会学制度和认知两大变量，指出是制度环境和认知框架建构出不同的产业政策范式，从而影响不同创新模式的形成。在创新的不同阶段，既有的认知框架决定了技术发展路径的选择，既存的制度环境又规制着技术创新的组织形式，塑造了不同时期创新的理性选择。在不同产业政策范式的指引下，原铁道部在打造政产学研合作创新网络的同时，构建寡占竞争格局，通过合作与竞争双重机制推动了中国高铁技术实现创新。

… events, high-speed rail (HSR) … resilience and seamless integration with their urban surroundings. This study developed two hierarchical evaluation frameworks that assess (1) …

… -induced accidents, significantly threatens the resilience of high-speed rail (HSR) network. … comprehensive resilience assessment framework of HSRN. Firstly, we develop resilience …

This paper examines the ecological impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on urban avian biodiversity in China, using data on cumulative bird species richness from the Global Biodiversity …

… core-peripheral divides through aggressive urban integration, whereas Europe has utilised HSR as a tool for regional resilience. Nonetheless, both systems face … Environmental impacts …

ABSTRACT Critical infrastructure networks, such as transport and power networks, are essential for the functioning of a society and economy. The rising transport demand increases the congestion in railway networks and thus they become more interdependent and more complex to operate. Also, an increasing number of disruptions due to system failures as well as climate changes can be expected in the future. As a consequence, many trains are cancelled and excessively delayed, and thus, many passengers are not reaching their destinations which compromises customers need for mobility. Currently, there is a rising need to quantify impacts of disruptions and the evolution of system performance. This review paper aims to set-up a field-specific definition of resilience in railway transport and gives a comprehensive, up-to-date review of railway resilience papers. The focus is on quantitative approaches. The review analyses peer-reviewed papers in Web of Science and Scopus from January 2008 to August 2019. The results show a steady increase of the number of published papers in recent years. The review classifies resilience metrics and approaches. It has been recognised that system-based metrics tend to better capture effects on transport services and transport demand. Also, mathematical optimization shows a great potential to assess and improve resilience of railway systems. Alternatively, data-driven approaches could be potentially used for detailed ex-post analysis of past disruptions. Finally, several rising future scientific topics are identified, spanning from learning from historical data, to considering interdependent critical systems and community resilience. Practitioners can also benefit from the review to understand a common terminology, recognise possible applications for assessing and designing resilient railway transport systems.

… mechanism of the high-speed railway network for upgrading industrial structures. Based on … the centrality of the sample cities in the high-speed railway network. The panel data model, …

… industry, and the construction of high-speed railway (HSR) is highly valued as a gas pedal to promote economic growth and accelerate the industrial upgrading … industrial upgrading was …

… 2 Impact of high-speed rail on the upgrading of industrial structure in resource-based cities … 3 Impact of high-speed rail on the upgrading of service industry structure in resource-based …

… the upgrading of urban industrial structures… industrial structure upgrading is comprehensively evaluated from the servitization of the industrial structure and the improvement of industrial …

… of High-speed Railway (HSR) on city industrial upgrading. Using the Annual Survey of Industrial … 4-digit manufacturing industries. We find that HSR enables cities to enter more complex …

… Railway Group, HSR "benchmark" trains may exert an positive impact on the industrial upgrading, … Therefore, using Diamond model and commodity pricing-industrial system upgrading …

… high-speed railway can significantly increase the economic aggregate and urbanization rates along the route and promote the upgrading of industrial structures… , the high-speed railway …

… High-speed Rail (HSR) is one of the most technological … The rapid development of China's High-speed Rail (CRH) is … vital function in the process of technology innovation. Besides, the …

… First, based on difference-in-differences (DID) model, it is found that HSR promotes CSR, … HSR stations on CSR. As HSR station-firm distance is within 10 km, HSR inhibits CSR; …