新《监狱法》背景下监狱学专业人才培养质量提升研究

贵州警察学院作为一所转型期的公安院校，非公安专业学生占了学生总数相当大的比例，其中的监狱学专业也同样面临着就业难的问题，这部分学生的就业问题，也一直是学院关注的重点。事实上监狱学专业学生从事对口专业的比率很低，就业中存在很多问题，与公安专业相比，监狱学专业无法纳入公安联考，就业范围相对较窄。如何有效提高监狱学专业学生的对口就业率，不浪费学校专业的教育投入，避免毕业即失业的困境，将是本文探讨的重点。本研究以贵州警察学院监狱学专业为研究对象，探讨了影响该专业毕业生就业的因素，通过问卷调查的方式，分析了毕业生的就业情况、就业意愿、就业能力和就业机会等方面的影响因素，同时针对这些影响因素提出对策建议，以促进该专业毕业生的就业发展。

本文通过分析监禁刑犯人在监狱改造时所可能面临的理论问题和实际制度和可以改进的方面，提出“慎刑”思想和人权思想如何更好地贯彻在对于监禁刑犯人从改造中到出狱后的过程中发挥作用，达到更好的改造效果。本文通过借鉴前科消灭制度和日本的更生保护制度来完善我国对于出狱人的社会保护以及人权保障问题，以此来构建一个更加完善的适用于犯罪人的改造循环体系，达到我们充分减少出狱人再犯累犯比率可能性的设想，充分实现刑罚犯罪预防的目的。

本文在当下监狱人民警察急需改善的立法现状和执法环境的背景下，探讨了监狱人民警察队伍建设以及监狱人民警察权益保障的现状和存在的问题。一是现行法律法规与当前监狱人民警察的执法环境已经存在不相适应的情况，需要完善执法依据、修补法律法规存在的漏洞；二是监狱工作是专业性极强的政治任务，需要充分发挥好人才管理体制优势，挖掘引进专业人才服务于党和人民的监狱事业；三是疫情防控常态化的背景下，监狱人民警察长期封闭工作，需从根本上解决监狱人民警察急难愁盼的问题，出台从优待警政策，加强监狱人民警察心理健康服务。笔者在立法、人才管理、加强心理健康服务等方面进行了探讨，旨在为我国监狱事业理论发展尽绵薄之力。

对分课堂是近年来提出的一种互动式教学方法，将教师授课、学生内化吸收、课堂讨论有机结合在一起，强调互动，重视学生自主学习，提高了教学效率，培养了学生的创新能力，能很好地满足教育部提出的“金课”建设要求。“监狱突发事件应急处置”是监狱学专业的核心课程，强调理论为基础与实践为主体。本研究深入分析“监狱突发事件应急处置”课程实行对分课堂教学改革的创新理念，随后，开展实践教学论证，以通过多角度的教学创新的方式推进教学改革创新，并根据监狱学专业自身特点探索“监狱突发事件应急处置”课程教学改革的具体路径。

区块链技术的发展正在如火如荼地进行中，本文将该项技术与刑罚执行相结合，首先分析刑罚执行领域存在的问题，在此基础上论述区块链技术融入到刑罚执行领域的必要性与可行性，进而提出区块链刑罚执行信息共享平台构建的具体途径，以期为区块链技术在法学领域的应用提出新思路的同时解决我国刑罚执行领域目前存在的问题。

神经科学作为一个相对较新，正在飞速发展的领域，在刑事司法实践中已经显示出巨大的应用潜力，并由此催生出了神经法学(Neurolaw)这一交叉研究领域，旨在探讨神经科学领域对于个体的决策、行为能力等方面的研究发现对现行法律规则和判断标准的影响。神经法学不仅关注神经科学技术如何适用于解决现有的法律体系中存在的多种难题，从案件的立案、侦查，到案件审判，最后到罪犯的矫正与释放后的再犯风险预测，同时也关注神经科学技术应当在司法程序的哪些环节使用、是否应该使用等伦理与规范性问题。而本文着重探讨了神经科学在刑事司法系统两个关键领域中的应用情况和未来的发展方向，包括刑事责任能力判定和服刑人员的风险评估与矫正。神经法学的研究不仅加深了我们对于犯罪行为背后的神经机制的理解，在深入研究并加强两个领域学者间交流的前提下，神经科学还能够进一步改进刑事司法实践，提供更加个性化和科学的罪犯评估和矫正计划，使得刑事司法实践更加公正且人性化。

监狱干警可以通过此系统来了解服刑人员的心理状态掌握服刑人员动态，更有效促进监狱教育改造工作的开展。情绪识别技术通过对面部表情的嘴巴张开程度、眉毛上扬角度两项指标进行计算，从而分析服刑人员在生活中是否存在异常情况。若出现异常则与已知身份数据库对比面部特征数据点确定其身份，将异常表情图像保存到异常情绪文件夹对应身份文件夹下。此系统通过python第三方库来完成情绪提取，情绪特征集描述、测试验证来完善。

社区矫正脱管漏管检察监督工作是监外刑事执行检察工作的最重要组成部分。随着我国社区矫正整体规模不断加速扩大，也对以脱管漏管检察监督为主的社区矫正检察监督工作提出了新的更高挑战和要求。制约该项工作持续、健康发展的因素有监督线索来源不广泛、办案标准不统一、监督机制不健全、人员队伍不完备等等，为此，提出探索社区矫正巡回检察、推进社区矫正领域“数字检察”、完善检察内部制度建设、加强社区矫正检察队伍能力建设等对策建议予以解决。

青少年是社会中很重要的一类群体，在社会生活中也是很重要的角色，是一个国家发展的未来，但是近年来，青少年犯罪数量在不断增多。司法社会工作介入也成为矫正偏差少年群体的新路径，帮助这些涉罪青少年重新融入社会、再社会化，这是司法社工介入涉罪青少年社区矫正的首要目标。如今的社会越来越注重人的人格和尊严，我国的刑罚制度、刑罚观念也朝着人性化、科学化的方向发展，在这种科学化观念的影响下，世界各国也都在努力探索适合本国国情的矫正制度。本研究立足于当下形势，详细地分析司法社会工作介入涉罪青少年社区矫正的必要性，希望在一定程度上可以在司法社工介入青少年犯罪社区矫正的制度化建设方面有所推动，弥补实践中的不足之处。

当下，我国犯罪结构呈现“双升”“双降”趋势，实务中短期自由刑大量涌现，短刑犯在监狱中比例越来越大。短期自由刑的弊端早已被国内外的大量研究充分证实，但其本身所具备的诸多价值却不容忽视。相较于直接废除，保留并完善短期自由刑才是妥当之举。在诸多改革措施中，提前释放短刑犯有助于从根本上解决交叉感染等短期自由刑的弊端，而短刑犯自身较小的再犯可能性、人身危险性、主观恶性以及教育刑实际效果的不佳更是让提前释放短刑犯具备可行性，而司法实务中短刑犯却因诸多原因不易减刑、假释，导致大量短刑犯只能羁押在监，承受短期自由刑的弊端。通过对比国外的相关制度。本文设想采取减刑假释合二为一的提前释放制度。通过事前给予，事后根据不良表现撤销的方式，一方面提高了执行机关操作的便捷性，扩大假释的适用范围，大幅减少在监短刑犯的数量；另一方面有助于激励短刑犯改过自新，提高教育矫正的效果。

The article briefly presents some biographical data of the outstanding legal scientist of Russia, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Honored Worker of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Major General of the Internal Service Struchkov Nikolai Alekseevich, Doctor of Law, Professor, organizer of departmental (Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia) legal education. Some provisions of his works relating to criminal, correctional labor, and penal enforcement law are presented. His contribution to the development of the general theoretical foundations of the science of correctional labor law, which influenced the formation of methodological approaches to the formation of general and particular theories, the allocation of correctional labor law as an independent branch of the law of legal science, the expansion of the subject covering the legal regulation of the execution of all types of criminal penalties, the role of morality and morality in their implementation. His merits in the development of correctional labor (penal enforcement) legislation, the main directions of penal enforcement policy, its role in the fight against crime are presented.

The history of academic criminology has been written at a macro‐scale from national and international perspectives. These histories rely on abstract concepts that overlook external events in the formation of criminology. Using a microhistory approach, this article explores the origins of the penology programme established at the Police School of San José State University. Willard Schmidt started the programme in 1946 based on his experience as director of security police at Tule Lake prison camp, a site for incarceration of Japanese Americans during the Second World War. The discussion examines August Vollmer's role in founding the Police School and his opposition to the incarceration, Schmidt's activities at Tule Lake, and how this shaped the first penology programme in California.

In their editorial recently published in Medicine, Science and the Law , Crole-Rees et al., highlight the high rates of life-time trauma experienced by people within criminal justice systems, and the negative consequences of this trauma for individuals and society. 1 The authors point to the limited evidence base regarding the ef fi cacy and safety of trauma-focused therapy in criminal justice settings. They note that while some favourable case reports and pilot studies exist about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in prisons and forensic services, that “ to date ” no such randomised control trials of EMDR have been conducted. We write to correct this and to describe our randomised control trial which was published online in early 2024. 2 This trial investigated the ef fi cacy and risks of EMDR for people with PTSD and psychotic disorders who were in prison or who had been diverted from custody into forensic mental health care. The study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing EMDR therapy to routine care in 24 offenders with psychotic disorders and PTSD. The primary outcome was the mean change in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) score. Secondary outcomes included participant-rated PTSD symptoms, psychotic symptoms, social functioning, disability level, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, posttraumatic cognitions, complex post-traumatic dif fi culties, and adverse events. Blinded investigators assessed outcomes at baseline, and after 10 weeks and 6 months. An in-depth description of the methods can be found in the study protocol. 3

ABSTRACT Due to their close proximity to those serving time, correctional officers may not only be agents of control but also agents of change. Although state departments of correction often target for recruitment those individuals who can fulfill the custodial role of the job, little attention is given to hiring a human service-oriented workforce. To fill that void, we surveyed 673 newly hired correctional officer trainees from three states to determine the extent and sources of their embracement of a rehabilitative orientation. Our findings provide insight for departments of correction concerning the potential facilitators and inhibitors of achieving their rehabilitative mission.

Most research finds that individuals are drawn to the correctional officer occupation for the pay and benefits or because it provides a new and exciting opportunity. However, these are not the only interests for choosing a correctional officer position. The current study draws on a sample of pre-service correctional officers surveyed prior to beginning their jobs (N = 673). In the spirit of the deviant case method, we focus on a subset of our sample who provided problematic motivations for becoming officers (n = 38). Using a thematic analytic approach, we identified five broad themes within this nefariously/disconcertingly motivated sample: use of force, punitive focus, power and control, cavalier ulterior motives, and problematic social boundaries. We theorize, based on prior research, that these individuals could constitute a meaningful minority that may contribute to the detriment of both their organizations and those they are overseeing. Future research should explore this possibility.

ABSTRACT Correctional officer recruits (CORs) must complete the correctional training program (CTP) mandated by Correctional Service Canada (CSC), in preparation for the plethora of occupational responsibilities they will be tasked with in their occupational role of correctional officer (CO). During training, recruits continue to conceive ideas about their career trajectories. Previous research exploring CO or COR motivations has focused largely on occupational entry and their underlying intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Little empirical evidence examines the general occupational directions or desires of CORs exiting CTP, particularly their interest in future Correctional Emergency Response Team (CERT) membership. The current study relies on data from interviews with 36 CORs who expressed interest in CERT membership before employment at a federal penitentiary. Findings suggest that these CORs are drawn to CERT membership due to previous occupational interests, media representations of CERT/ERT, but also experience challenges in acquiring membership related to CERT culture, social relationships, and gender. We conclude the article with considerations for recruitment and retention of COs as it relates to CERT membership for Canadian federal correctional services.

Self-directed violence (SDV), comprising both suicide and self-injury, presents a continued public health challenge for correctional institutions. In fact, correctional settings are one of four primary targets for the reduction of SDV by leading professional organizations. This article presents a public health solution to SDV in correctional settings, namely the Core Competency Model for Corrections (CCM for Corrections), an educational program for correctional mental health providers. Grounded in the general CCM of Suicide Prevention, we proffer an evidence-based sample curriculum covering 10 SDV prevention competencies in correctional settings. These competencies address both clinical care (e.g., enacting evidence-based treatment plans, using best practice documentation standards) and provider-focused (e.g., managing personal attitudes about SDV and incarcerated persons, engaging in self-care and debriefing) skills. We further espouse the underlying social-cognitive theory of CCM for Corrections toward the goal of identifying mechanisms of action for improved SDV prevention skills. Finally, we highlight considerations in the initial design and testing of CCM for Corrections. These recommendations address (a) utilization of a community-academic partnership approach and corrections SDV advisory panel, (b) selection of an in-person or online training modality, and (c) measurement of sample educational program outcomes. The CCM for Corrections represents a promising approach to SDV reduction and management in correctional settings ripe for collaborative pilot testing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The penal enforcement system is a state management structure that performs a variety of functions aimed at achieving the goal of effective execution of criminal penalties and other measures of a criminal legal nature. One of the functions assigned to the penal enforcement system is the training of qualified scientific and pedagogical personnel. The article provides some statistical data on the activities of adjunct educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia; Certain problems that complicate the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel are identified; measures are proposed to improve the effectiveness of the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in the penal system. This article is based on the research work carried out at the Federal Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in 2023.

The training of cynologists for the system of execution of punishments additionally involves the implementation of a number of educational activities aimed at developing practical skills in a cynologist who must use a service dog at a high professional level, and for this it is extremely important to have the necessary level of knowledge and skills. Methodological support for the training of cynologist with service dogs to perform the assigned tasks remains relevant. The article highlights the peculiarities of the staffing of service dogs in penitentiary institutions and remand detention centers of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the regulatory and legal framework for the implementation of cynology support for law enforcement agencies of Ukraine regarding the selection of service dogs for special service and experience, the criteria for the selection of service dogs for penitentiary institutions and remand detention centers of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine for training in the direction of the special service for the search for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are proposed. The requirements for the cynologist are outlined, the list of material and technical support is indicated, and the mode and leader of the training classes are proposed. The essence and content of the method of development by cynologists of a behavioral reaction in dogs to obtain the desired object is revealed, which is based on the sequence of practicing exercises by a cynologist with a service dog in order to acquire the practical skills of a trainer to prepare a dog to search for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. In the context of the tasks defined by the normative documents of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine regarding professional training, the proposed separate aspects of the training of dog handlers with service dogs in penitentiary institutions and detention centers of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine will contribute to the effective training of cynology pairs by specialization in the educational institution of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine. Key words: selection, special dogs, penitentiary institutions, Department of Cynology, training, training of dogs.

. The essence of the penitentiary system is the execution of custodial sentences on individuals with final sentences. The implementation of these activities requires specialised professional training of prison officers in order to carry out the process of deprivation of liberty effectively. The effectiveness of the penitentiary system can be defined from the perspective of the smoothness of its implementation (undisturbed course of the process of serving the sentence) – taking into account aspects of the security of wards and staff of the penitentiary service, and also under the criterion of the effectiveness of re-socialisation, calculated by the degree of social inclusion of individuals after serving the sentence, closing the stage of experience with the criminal world. The outlined challenges delineate the level of prison staff competences required for the proper conduct of penitentiary activities, which is the main theme of this article. The aim of the paper is to identify the competences of prison officers – necessary to ensure the effectiveness of penitentiary activities, determined by the specifics of the prison environment. Competences growing out of knowledge, skills and experience in the implementation of processes related to the execution of a prison sentence, as well as the ability to actively apply dynamic protection and management techniques, together with a professional approach to the problem of shaping human behaviour, in connection with the implementation of the educational and upbringing function of the wards. The article is based on a review and critical evaluation of the available literature and studies, together with a conclusion.

This research study’s objective was to explore the knowledge, characteristics and usefulness of the criminal profiling technique within a sample of judicial actors in Colombia who, due to their professional functions in criminal investigations, could possibly apply the technique. The methodology included performing semi-structured interviews on 155 officials belonging to Colombia’s main institutions for the administration of justice (Prosecutor’s Office, National Police, Ombudsman’s Office, National Penitentiary and Prison Institute, and members of the judicial branch). Among the results, it was observed that judicial actors consider the technique useful due to the scientific notion they have regarding it. Furthermore, although it is perceived as being useful, it is seldom used because of a general lack of knowledge derived from scant training for its execution. These results are discussed in light of the recent criminological study carried out in the country, its professionals’ education and the gaps in academic research and its use in criminal investigations. It was concluded that the technique is still being developed in the Colombian context. It currently have some guides and protocols within each institution, and requires more impact assessments and comprehensive analyses regarding its relevance and scientific nature.

The article formulates a number of directions for improving the effectiveness of the execution of criminal penalties, taking into account the expansion of the scope of information technology. Among other things, it is proposed to develop a point system for assessing the degree of correction of a convicted person; to carry out biometric photographing, genomic registration and other methods of collecting personal data of convicts serving not only imprisonment, but also other punishments, with their placement in a single information system; to make a decision on parole using artificial intelligence by calculating the number of points; to create an information system containing comprehensive information about the convict and his behavior, as well as to keep the convict's personal file in electronic form; computer modeling of convicts' behavior; in order to establish the objectivity and comprehensive verification of the convict's testimony, use polygraph and technology to recognize facial expressions and (or) his body movements; chip convicts for comprehensive monitoring of their behavior, including those released on parole in the post-penitentiary period.

The article examines the legal nature of criminal punishment in the form of forced labor, reveals its purpose and objectives, conditions, and basic principles. A comparison is made with other types of criminal penalties related to the use of convict labor, and the conditions of detention of convicts in a correctional center are compared with conditions in a colony settlement. The conducted research made it possible to consider the advantages and limitations of forced labor provided for by criminal law, the practice of implementing this type of punishment in modern conditions and to identify differences from other punishments related to legal restrictions in the field of labor: compulsory and correctional labor. Important conditions for the successful application of forced labor, which directly affect the positive results of convicts' work, are appropriate conditions and protection of their work, the quality of jobs, remuneration for work corresponding to current labor market proposals in modern conditions. Given the build-up of initiatives, proposals from companies and business owners to create jobs and arrange dormitories in correctional centers and isolated areas functioning as correctional centers, it is possible to come to conclusions about expanding the network of centers in the near future throughout Russia, including new regions: Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics, Zaporizhia and Kherson regions. Having studied the positive results of the labor of those sentenced to forced labor and having considered topical issues related to the execution of this criminal punishment, summarizing the results of an empirical study of the problems of using technical means of supervision and control over persons held in correctional centers, as well as relying on the provisions of criminal legislation and orders of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, the authors conclude that, that the use of means of personal control over convicts will be a deterrent to the illegal behavior of persons who are malicious violators of the order and conditions of serving their sentences; the expansion of the legal grounds for the appointment of forced labor will contribute to an increase in the number of convicts, and therefore increase the country's labor resources.

Taking into account the peculiarities of the Chinese state structure and legislation, the article reveals the main directions of the modern penal enforcement policy of the People’s Republic of China, which consists in a combination of punishment and correction in order to re-socialize convicts in the context of preventing them from committing new crimes and other offenses. Among them: improving the organization of interrelated vocational training and labor use of convicts; ensuring the safety and stability of the administration of the penitentiary institution; improving psychological support for the execution of punishment, etc. Special attention is paid to improving the effectiveness of interaction between penitentiary institutions with local authorities, business entities, educational and other organizations and other members of the public in order to integrate persons into society after release from punishment through the practice of their vocational training and employment, providing them with social and other assistance, as well as monitoring their post-penitentiary behavior.

The article contains the text of the author’s translation of the section. III «Disciplinary measures against persons in custody», contained in Book II «Detention in a penitentiary institution» of the Penitentiary Code of France. Within the framework of a brief comparative analysis, attention is drawn to a number of problems of law enforcement activities of the administration of correctional institutions in Russia related to the lack of proper legislative regulation of certain aspects concerning the grounds, types and procedure for the application of penalties, the need to improve the penal enforcement legislation of Russia taking into account foreign experience is noted.

The existing literature has shown that in Western penal systems there is often an official demand for narrative rehabilitation during treatment programs, and has criticized the requirement for a narrative change to correspond with the "judicial-correctional truth." This study is based on participant observation in a male prison in mainland China. Through a comparative lens, this paper found that offenders in Western treatment programs are required to demonstrate a change in narrative identity that is immersed in details from their personal history and from judicial discourse, whereas the Chinese penal system scrutinizes individuality less and focuses more on adherence to a unified narrative form and structure. While both systems are concerned with social control and the legitimation of penal power, Chinese prisons are less concerned with cognitive specifics and more with overt behavioral compliance. Both practices of narrative rehabilitation may be insufficient in facilitating the complex needs of offenders to desist from reoffending.

People with mental illness are overrepresented in correctional facilities. Correctional officers (COs) lack education to respond to inmates with mental illness. A review was conducted of mental health education programs for COs to identify factors related to effectiveness. Medical and criminal justice databases were searched for articles describing mental health education for COs. Studies including measurable outcomes were analyzed using an inductive analytic approach. The review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews. Data were synthesized using Moore seven levels of outcomes for continuing professional development education. Findings were grouped by curriculum content and described according to levels of outcome. Of 1492 articles, 11 were included in the analysis. Six described mental health programs, two described skill-specific programs, and three described suicide prevention programs. Programs reviewed content about mental illness, practical skills, included didactic and experiential teaching. The programs achieved level 5 on Moore taxonomy. Programs led to improvements in knowledge, skills, and attitudes among officers; however, improvements declined post-training. Officers were receptive to facilitators with correctional or lived mental health experience. Experiential teaching was preferred. Common themes related to programs' effectiveness included applicability to COs, information retention, program facilitators, and teaching methods. There is limited, but positive literature suggesting that education programs are beneficial. The decline in improvements suggests need to ensure sustainability of improvements. This review can guide the planning of future education programs for COs based on continuing professional development best practices.

To evaluate the impact of a motivational interviewing (MI) training program for prison professionals by analysing the progression of MI-compatible competence and adherence, as well as the reduction of non-compatible practices. A longitudinal quasi-experimental study with repeated measures was conducted over four months at three time points. A total of 25 correctional professionals participated in a three-phase training program. A Spanish-translated version of the Motivational Interviewing Assessment: Supervisory Tools for Enhancing Proficiency (MIA:STEP) questionnaire from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) was used for self-assessment. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA, Friedman's test, effect size (h Non-compatible adherence to MI significantly decreased ( The program was effective in significantly reducing non-compatible adherence to MI, which emerged as the most substantial outcome. While compatible adherence fluctuated and compatible competence exhibited a differentiated progression depending on the statistical test used, the findings indicate progressive learning and areas requiring further reinforcement. The ecological validity of the study design strengthens the applicability of the results, providing evidence of the impact of MI training in correctional settings.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Salamanca (CEISH). Evaluar el impacto de un programa de formación en entrevista motivacional (EM) dirigido a profesionales penitenciarios, analizando la progresión de la competencia y la adherencia compatibles con los principios de la EM, así como la reducción de prácticas no compatibles. Estudio cuasiexperimental longitudinal con medidas repetidas en tres momentos a lo largo de cuatro meses. Participaron 25 profesionales penitenciarios en un programa formativo de tres fases. Se utilizó una versión traducida al español del cuestionario La adherencia no compatible con EM disminuyó significativamente ( El programa demostró ser eficaz en reducir significativamente la adherencia no compatible con EM, consolidándose como el principal logro. Aunque la adherencia compatible con EM presentó fluctuaciones y la competencia compatible con EM mostró una progresión diferenciada según la prueba estadística utilizada, los resultados reflejan un aprendizaje progresivo y áreas de ajuste. La validez ecológica del diseño refuerza la aplicabilidad de los hallazgos, proporcionando evidencia sobre el impacto de la formación en EM en contextos penitenciarios.El estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética de la Universidad de Salamanca (CEISH).

Mental health first aid (MHFA) training is a low-cost, evidence-based intervention that teaches trainees to recognize signs of mental distress. Thirty correctional officers (COs) were recruited to participate in a remote MHFA intervention study. The COs were divided into three MHFA training sessions, with no more than 10 COs per group. Data collection assessments included pretest and posttest surveys and a focus group meeting. Of the 30 eligible CO participants, 27 completed the study, including follow-up assessments. Nine COs participated in a focus group meeting-one third (

Effective treatment interventions for criminal offenders are necessary to reduce risk of criminal recidivism. Evidence about deviant electroencephalographic (EEG)-frequencies underlying disorders found in criminal offenders is accumulating. Yet, treatment modalities, such as neurofeedback, are rarely applied in the forensic psychiatric domain. Since offenders usually have multiple disorders, difficulties adhering to long-term treatment modalities, and are highly vulnerable for psychiatric decompensation, more information about neurofeedback training protocols, number of sessions, and expected symptom reduction is necessary before it can be successfully used in offender populations. Studies were analyzed that used neurofeedback in adult criminal offenders, and in disorders these patients present with. Specifically aggression, violence, recidivism, offending, psychopathy, schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance-use disorder (SUD), and cluster B personality disorders were included. Only studies that reported changes in EEG-frequencies posttreatment (increase/decrease/no change in EEG amplitude/power) were included. Databases Psychinfo and Pubmed were searched in the period 1990-2017 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, resulting in a total of 10 studies. Studies in which neurofeedback was applied in ADHD ( Implications of the results for the applicability of neurofeedback training in criminal offender populations are discussed. More research focusing on neurofeedback and learning of cortical activity regulation is needed in populations with externalizing behaviors associated with violence and criminal behavior, as well as multiple comorbidities. At this point, it is unclear whether standard neurofeedback training protocols can be applied in offender populations, or whether QEEG-guided neurofeedback is a better choice. Given the special context in which the studies are executed, clinical trials, as well as single-case experimental designs, might be more feasible than large double-blind randomized controls.

Neurobiological information - including executive functioning - is increasingly relevant for forensic clinical practice, as well as for the criminal justice system. Previous meta-analyses report that antisocial populations show impaired performance on executive functioning tasks, but these meta-analyses are outdated, have limitations in their methodological approach, and are therefore in need of an update. The current multi-level meta-analysis including 133 studies (2008-2023) confirms impaired performance in executive functioning (d=.42), but studies are heterogeneous. Several moderator analyses showed that neuropsychological test used, type of executive function component, and control group characteristics moderated the overall effect. Specifically, matching psychiatric problems in the non-antisocial control group eliminated any differences in executive functioning between groups. No moderation effects were found for assessment quality, hot or cold executive functions, and various population characteristics. These results could indicate that the assessment of executive functioning in antisocial populations may be less relevant for recidivism risk assessment than thought, although this should first be assessed in prospective longitudinal studies. Executive functioning could potentially be used to identify or screen for individuals with certain treatment needs or be used as a responsivity factor, especially in disorders which are often underdiagnosed in criminal justice settings.

Certain clinical populations exhibit an Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory (OAM), characterized by difficulty remembering specific events. One study has observed OAM for positive events in a group of offenders. This study analyzed the stability of the valence effect in the OAM of offenders, the executive control impairments facilitating OAM in offenders, and the relationship of self-esteem and social desirability with AM specificity. The specificity (Autobiographical Memory Test) and emotional properties of the AMs of 59 prisoners (30 men, 29 women) and a control group (29 men, 30 women) were compared. Social desirability, depression symptoms, self-esteem and executive functions (Mazes, Stroop, Verbal Fluency) were assessed. The offenders recalled fewer specific positive AMs than controls, and did not perceive the emotional intensity of their negative AMs to decrease over time, unlike the controls. The offenders' recall of specific negative AMs seemed to influence negatively their performance in the subsequent executive control tasks. Dysfunctional coping strategies in offenders were related to OAM, but not social desirability or self-esteem.

A growing body of research highlights the continuum between dark and bright personality traits impacting individual prosocial or antisocial tendencies. However, the interplay between personality dimensions and actual criminal behavior and its reoccurrence is not fully elucidated. We aimed to explore the cumulative predictive value of the bright and dark core of personality for criminal history in differentiating a general community sample (N = 282) from a large sample of inmates (N = 296), with (n = 129) or without (n = 167) criminal history while controlling for age, sex and impression management. Predictors of first-time offending were higher levels of Neuroticism, Openness, Dark Factor, Sadism, and Deceitfulness. Criminal recidivism was predicted by high Neuroticism and Deceitfulness. Finally, higher levels of Extraversion were negatively related to criminal behavior and history, highlighting a potential protective effect of displaying assertive and sociable tendencies. The findings highlight the relevance of considering the dark personality core complementary to the typical personality dimensions in the risk assessment, prediction, and reduction of criminal behavior.

(1) Background: The Italian Constitutional Court's decision n. 99/2019 abolished the distinction between physical and psychological health care in the Italian prison system. However, this and other changes to the penitentiary system present challenges to prison staff, which may vary based on their roles and backgrounds; (2) Purpose: To create a process of dialogue and collaboration that include different points of view, needs, and proposals regarding mental health in prisons, this study collects and integrates the perspectives of 91 prison staff who work in various capacities in eight prisons in northeast Italy. (3) Methods: Each participant was involved in either a focus group or a semi-structured interview, and thematic analysis was used to process the resulting transcripts; (3) Results: Through this process, 10 themes were derived that highlight the difficulties of working with prisoners with psychiatric disorders or psychological distress, including lack of human and economic resources, lack of positive communication between prisoners and society and a sense of professional incompetency; (4) Conclusions: Based on these themes, the need for increased points of view, dialogue, and collaboration between prison professionals and between prison and society is discussed, and the current feasibility of treating psychiatric disorders in prison is considered.

Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a serious and overwhelming public concern. Neuroimaging techniques have provided insights into the brain mechanisms underlying IPVAW perpetration. The purpose of this study is to examine the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) involving the process of social decision-making of male perpetrators. Twenty-six male perpetrators convicted for an IPVAW crime were compared to 29 men convicted for crimes other than IPVAW (other offenders) and 29 men with no criminal records (non-offenders) using a seed-based approach. Seeds were located in areas involved in reflective (prefrontal), impulsive (amygdala and striatum) and interoceptive (insula) processing. Then, as an exploratory analysis, the connectivity networks on male perpetrators were correlated with measures of executive functions and socioemotional self-report measures. Male perpetrators in comparison to other offenders and non-offenders, presented higher rsFC between prefrontal, limbic, brainstem, temporal and basal ganglia areas. Also male perpetrators showed higher rsFC between insula, default mode network and basal ganglia, while lower rsFC was found between prefrontal and motor areas and between amygdala, occipital and parietal areas. Exploratory correlations suggest that the specific rsFC in male perpetrators might be more related to socioemotional processes than to executive functions. These results showed that male perpetrators present a specific rsFC in brain systems that are essential for an adaptive social decision-making.

The article provides the characteristic of a female recidivist through a qualitative empirical analysis of socio-demographic, criminal-legal, and criminal-executive features of convicted women serving their sentences in the Chernihiv Correctional Institution No. 44 by conducting an anonymous survey of 123 female recidivists. The characteristic features inherent to female recidivists have been identified and generalized and, on this basis, a typical characteristic of such persons has been worked out based on the analysis of results of the survey of convicted women. This category is mostly represented by middle-aged people from 36 to 48 years. This person has a secondary or secondary special, vocational education, is unmarried, without stable socially useful ties, and the existing family ties have deteriorated after being sentenced to imprisonment, and by occupation she has a predominantly working specialty. She is serving a sentence of imprisonment for a term mainly from 2 to 5 years for middle grave crimes, has 3 to 4 convictions, which indicates her extensive criminal experience.

Indonesian law provides prisoners with basic rights, including access to education, health care and nutrition. Yet, structural and institutional limitations, notably overcrowding and under-resourcing, prohibits penal institutions from fulfilling these commitments for female prisoners. The purpose of this paper is to explore their health concerns. Six prisons and one detention centre were researched, comprising: female prisoners (n=69); clinical officers (six); clinic heads (seven); wardens (seven); heads of prisons (seven); and a Directorate representative. Data were collected through observation, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire. Raw data were transcribed and analysed thematically, adopting the General Principles of Grounded Theory. Both "formal" and "informal" health-coping strategies were dependent upon a range of factors which determined access to treatment, medicines and other items procured both inside and outside of the prison, as well as referral services. Informal systems of support existed for women, especially in regard to pregnancy and raising of babies born in detention. Systems that maintain harmony within cell blocks were identified as an important informal coping strategy. This research is important in informing policy and practice. There is a clear need for gender-sensitive legislative frameworks, penal policies and prison rules to ensure women's needs are addressed. The identified coping strategies were considered viable, but do not replace the need for a health system providing women prisoners with levels of care as available in the community, including commensurate budgeting, personnel, access and referral to more specialised external health services.

HIV presents particular problem in penal establishments: the nature of the population; conditions in prison; media attention and misinformation; the possibility of transmission within and beyond the prison population; the extra issues that apply to female prisoners. These are discussed in the context of prison policy regarding HIV and the broad strategic approach which is being adopted to manage the problem of HIV within penal institutions. Counselling has a key role in the overall strategy. Pre- and post-test counselling with prisoners is described and the particular problems presented by inmates are discussed and illustrated by reference to case histories. Developments in counselling provision for inmates are outlined. This paper explores on HIV counseling in prisons. HIV infection presents particular problems in penal establishments including the nature of prison conditions, attention and misinformation by the media, transmission of HIV infection with prisoners and outsiders, and the extra issues that apply to female prisoners. All these are discussed in the context of prison service policy regarding HIV infection and the broad strategic approach employed to manage the problem within penal establishments where counseling played a key role. Moreover, this article features the pre-test and post-test counseling and problems presented by inmates, which are discussed and illustrated with reference to several case histories. Also outlined are developments in counseling provision for prisoners. Pre-test counseling, which is performed to ensure knowledge of the test, presents additional problems in the penal setting because of difficulties in maintaining absolute confidentiality of results, mismatch of counseling expectations and motivations with counseling aims, and unique problems for the development of safer behavior. Meanwhile, post-test counseling with HIV-positive inmates is problematic and requires particular skills of the counselors. It should be recognized that prison could represent an opportunity to offer education and counseling to a unique and vulnerable population.

Given the heavy burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in correctional facilities, we examined knowledge about these infections among case workers and correctional officers in penal institutions in Puerto Rico. We used data from a cross-sectional study of state prisons, commissioned by the Puerto Rico Department of Correction and Rehabilitation, to assess knowledge about HCV and HIV (10 items each) among 256 case workers and correctional officers from 18 penal institutions selected in the prison system. Total scores for each scale ranged from 0 to 10 points, with higher scores reflecting more knowledge. Of 256 participants, 64.8% were males, 39.6% were aged 30-39 years, and 70.3% were case workers. The percentage of correct responses for knowledge items ranged from 8.5% to 97.0% for HCV infection and from 38.7% to 99.6% for HIV infection. The vast majority (>96%) of participants knew that injection drug users should be tested for HCV infection and that sharing of needle injection equipment and multiple sex partners increase the risk of HIV infection. However, misconceptions about routes of transmission for these viral infections were found, with larger gaps in knowledge for HCV infection. Mean knowledge scores for HCV and HIV infections were 4.20±0.17 and 6.95±0.22, respectively, being significantly (p<0.05) higher for case workers. The findings about HCV and HIV knowledge in an important segment of the correctional system staff support the urgent need for increasing educational opportunities for correctional staff.

Prison is typically considered as a dangerous setting partly because of promiscuity and violence, which leads to a whole series of suffering and frustration among prisoners. Due to their occupation, prison guards must ensure the safety of the inmates, their colleagues, as well as any other persons working in prison and in the prison setting. Thus, correctional guards are the "Bumper excitement" of prison violence and suffer from stressful and traumatic events. Indeed, inmates' sufferings and frustration are firstly expressed towards them because they share daily relationships with inmates. In addition, correctional guards are faced with the high inmate suicide risk. One potential consequence of these chronic stressful situations is burnout. Burnout is described as a three-dimensional syndrome composed of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and sense of lack of personal accomplishment. Burnout is a severe psychological suffering, which can lead to depression. It has been initially identified among persons who are working with patients. Nevertheless, research shows that burnout is not a psychopathology of work but of the relationship with others. In other terms, burnout seems to arise when people share stressful, chronic and violent relationships with someone else. Burnout doesn't appear per se in any international classification of mental disorders: clinicians often use the diagnosis of adjustment disorder. Our aim is to assess the impact of victimization on burnout among guards in French prisons. Prison guards were chosen for two major reasons. First, the custodial role of correctional officers is typically described as a stressful occupation, sensitive to burnout. Second, prison is generally considered "dangerous". Indeed, victimizations and aggressions frequently occur. Consequently, we hypothesize that burnout levels will be high for prison guards. We also hypothesize that the intensity of the victimizations (verbal, physical or armed aggression) will heighten burnout levels. Two hundred and thirty-five prison guards were involved. Among these 235 correctional guards, there were 46 women and 188 men, ranging from 22 to 56 years old. Victimizations were very common: more than 87 % had experienced an aggression, whether verbally, physically or armed. They were asked to fill out the French form of the Maslach burnout Inventory (MBI). The MBI is a 22-item self-report measurement that assesses the three dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Items are rated on a 7-point scale ranging from 0 ("never") to 6 ("every day"). We have statistically created a new global level of burnout with the three dimensions. It is called "burnout level". We have assessed two sets of independent variables (VI): demographic VI (age, sex, tenure, level of studies) and correctional VI (penal status of prison, victimizations). Regarding our dependent variables, we have four levels which are (1) global burnout (GB), (2) emotional exhaustion (EE), (3) depersonalization (D), and (4) personal accomplishment (PA). For the purpose of our study, we carried out variance analyses (Anova) in order to compare the averages of our groups of subjects. Further to Anova, we chose the Bonferroni/Dunn post hoc test. The results indicate that demographic variables such as age, sex or level of studies have no significant effect on GB, EE, D and PA levels. Tenure has a significant effect on GB and D levels. Concerning correctional variables, results show that the penal status of prison has a significant effect on GB and EE. Prison guards working with inmates incarcerated for more than 5years report higher GB and EE than their counterparts working with inmates not already convicted. Victimizations have a significant effect on GB, EE, D and PA levels. Prison guards with physical or armed aggressions report higher global GB, EE, D and PA levels than prison guards without aggressions. Furthermore, prison guards with physical or armed aggressions report higher global GB and D levels than prison guards with verbal aggressions. Two major points are highlighted by our study. First, characteristics of prison and inmates are related to burnout among prison guards. Second, victimizations lead to burnout.