Beyond Price Advantage: Shopping Experience and Value Perception in a Malaysian Duty-Free Island

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As an important part of tourist shopping, the study of duty-free shopping experiences is of great value for enhancing economic growth in the travel retail market and improving the image of tourist destinations. However, current research on duty-free shopping has failed to meet these practical requirements. To effectively identify tourists’ shopping needs and develop effective shopping strategies, we conducted a study from the perspective of destination marketing organizations. For comments on duty-free shopping, we used thematic modeling and sentiment analysis. The thematic analysis showed five themes based on the duty-free shopping experience: perceived variety and function, perceived online process, perceived service, perceived environment, and perceived cost. Our study begins with a duty-free shopping tourism experience and expands on relevant research findings to enrich the tourist shopping knowledge system. Through this study, we hope to provide appropriate and targeted recommendations for marketing shopping tourist destinations.

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Purpose This paper aims to extend the knowledge of travelers’ shopping behaviors at airport duty-free stores by investigating the role of multiple quality factors, value dimensions, trust and satisfaction. Moreover, the influence of possible barriers to airport shopping is examined. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative data collection including a survey was used. A structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Findings The results showed that the proposed conceptual framework provided sufficiently explained travelers’ post-purchase intentions for airport duty-free shopping. Hedonic value and trust in airport duty-free shopping were of greatest importance in determining intentions. The quality of products and physical environment also showed relative importance among cognitive drivers. The findings from the metric invariance test indicated the significant moderating impact of travelers’ perceived barriers to airport shopping. The mediating impact of study variables was also identified. Practical implications Findings help airport practitioners improve their knowledge of travelers’ shopping behaviors at airport duty-free stores and help them to develop efficient methods to facilitate air travelers’ commercial activities at an airport. Originality/value Non-aeronautical business is emerging as a means of revenue maximization in the airport industry, yet there is a lack of understanding about air travelers’ commercial activities at airports. This study filled this void through the development of sturdy framework for air travelers’ non-aeronautical commercial activities at an airport.

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The rising demand for air travel, which is expected to double by 2035, will likely lead to substantial growth in airport duty-free shopping. The IATA estimates that 7.2 billion passengers will travel by air by that time (IATA, 2016). A survey conducted at Lahore International Airport, based on 100 responses, revealed that perceived value, personality, service quality, and satisfaction are significant factors influencing traveler loyalty to duty-free shopping, with satisfaction playing a mediating role. Although this study is limited to one airport with a small sample size, future research should extend to other airports across Pakistan for broader applicability. These findings provide aviation professionals with valuable insights to enhance traveler loyalty and increase non-aviation revenue streams, leading to financial growth and optimization.

Despite its criticality for airport business, duty-free shopping at the retail stores of airports has received scant attention. To overcome this difference, this study explains the complex process via which travelers show their willingness to repurchase in the context of airport retail stores. A quantitative process comprising a field survey is conducted for data collection. The measurement quality is assessed and established through the evaluation of a measurement model. As a result of analyzing the structural equation model, it was found that the perceived performance, utilitarian value, hedonic value, and satisfaction evaluation of airport retail stores play a crucial role in determining traveler willingness to repurchase. The conceptual framework encompassing these concepts also adequately accounts for traveler willingness to repurchase. Moreover, our results from the invariance assessment reveal that the moderating impact of shopping engagement on the hypothesized relationship between utilitarian value and satisfaction evaluation is significant. Overall, the proposed direct associations among theoretical constructs within our framework are well supported. Furthermore, the efficacy of the proposed theoretical framework for a clear understanding of airport shoppers’ post-purchase behaviors is successfully identified.

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Shopping tourism has become significant driver of destination competitiveness, particularly in duty-free island destinations where price advantage and experiential value intersect. This study explores the shopping behaviour and experiences of domestic tourists visiting Langkawi Island using a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews with fifteen tourists were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that affordability, product availability, and supporting facilities significantly influence shopping behaviour, while hedonic factors such as enjoyment and leisure integration enhance overall tourist satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of positioning shopping as a holistic tourism experience to strengthen destination appeal and competitiveness.

Counterfactual thinking is presumed to play a preparatory function in promoting people’s behavioural intentions. This study specifically addresses the impacts of COVID-19 severity, tourists’ counterfactual thinking about the pandemic, and tourists’ perceived duty-free consumption value on the effect of a duty-free policy on travel intentions. Four hundred and ten participants took part in this study, which involved a 2 (duty-free policy: absent vs. present) × 2 (COVID-19 severity: high vs. low) design. Results reveal the following patterns: (a) compared to the absence of a duty-free policy in tourist destinations, enactment of a duty-free policy leads to stronger visit intentions through greater perceived value and (b) the effect of a duty-free policy on travel intention is moderated by tourists’ counterfactual thinking and COVID-19 severity.

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The current research explored the antecedents and consequences of the memorable experiences of Chinese tourists in duty-free shopping. Utilitarian (i.e., savings, quality, and convenience) and hedonic (i.e., value expression, exploration, and entertainment) benefits were proposed to enhance the memorable experiences of these tourists. Unlike previous studies, this study examined the antecedents and consequences of memorable experiences in the field of duty-free shopping for the first time. Based on these theoretical relationships, a research model with 11 hypotheses was developed and the hypotheses tested with data collected from 523 Chinese tourists with shopping experiences at duty-free shops in Korea. The results of structural equation modeling analysis indicated that savings, quality, exploration, and entertainment benefits play important roles in the formation of memorable experiences. Additionally, memorable experiences were found to be an important predictor of brand attitude and brand preference. Moreover, brand preference had a positive influence on WOM.

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본 연구는 공항면세점을 대상으로, 공항면세점 이용객의 혼잡성에 대한 인식수준에 따른 고객행동의 변화를 살펴보 았다. 선행요인으로는 개인적 요소 및 환경적 요소로서 쇼핑성향, 물리적 환경, 사전기대, 관여도 등 4가지를 설정하였 고, 고객의 혼잡도 인식은 인적, 공간적 혼잡의 차원으로 나누었으며 이들 간의 영향에 따른 고객의 감정반응과 행동의 도의 변화를 살펴보았다. 쇼핑성향, 물리적 환경, 사전기대, 관여도 등의 변수들이 고객의 인적, 공간적 혼잡에 영향을 미치고 또한 이러한 혼잡이 고객의 감정반응에 영향을 미치며, 감정반응이 행동의도에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설을 세 웠다. 인천공항과 제주공항 등의 공항면세점에서 구매경험이 있는 사람을 대상으로 설문하여 최종 312명을 분석하였 다. 분석 결과 쇼핑성향, 물리적 환경, 사전기대, 관여도가 인적 혼잡에 미치는 영향은 모두 지지되었으며, 공간적 혼잡 에 있어서도 쇼핑성향, 물리적 환경, 사전기대 및 관여도가 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인적, 공간적 혼잡이 감정반응에 미치는 영향은 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 감정반응이 행동의도에 미치는 영향 관련 가설 또한 지지 되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 논의하였고 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

The objective of this study is to identify the role of Chinese tourists’ shopping values in the formation of their outcome variables. This study more specifically proposes that two dimensions of shopping values, which include utilitarian and hedonic shopping values, positively affect brand prestige. In addition, it was hypothesized that brand prestige helps in regard to enhancing well-being perceptions and brand preference. It was also proposed that well-being perceptions and brand preference have a positive influence on word-of-mouth. This study also hypothesized the moderating role of country image in the proposed model. The survey responses were collected from 634 Chinese duty-free tourists. The data analysis results showed that both utilitarian and hedonic shopping values significantly affect brand prestige. Moreover, brand prestige was found to be a significant determinant of well-being perceptions, and well-being perceptions positively affect brand preference. Brand preference is a critical factor affecting word-of-mouth. Lastly, country image played a moderating role in the relationship between brand prestige and well-being perceptions and brand preference and word-of-mouth.

ABSTRACT This research was an empirical endeavor to better comprehend customers’ post-purchase decision-making process for shopping at airport duty-free stores. A field survey at an international airport in Korea was utilized to collect the data. Overall, our research from the structural model using 293 responses offered an empirical demonstration of the crucial role of shopping value, emotions (positive and negative), and shopping satisfaction in developing customers’ behavioral intentions for airport duty-free shopping. Moreover, while the shopping flow was not a significant moderator, this study demonstrated the essential moderating role of the lack of alternative attractiveness in strengthening the satisfaction–intention relationship.

. Tax free industry refers to the tourism service industry that allows specific retailers to sell duty-free goods to inbound and outbound tourists in order to achieve certain political and economic policies and promote the development of tourism consumption, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the sales model and pricing strategy of duty-free stores. This paper advances its basic hypotheses, explores three sales modes of duty-free stores and heterogeneous consumer decision-making behaviour, constructs equilibrium price and revenue level models under different sales modes, establishes the equilibrium decision-making model of pricing strategies under different sales modes of duty-free stores, and conducts numerical simulation analysis. This analysis reveals that (1) the heterogeneous characteristics of high-value and low-value consumers influence the sales patterns of duty-free stores and have an important impact on their pricing strategies; (2) heterogeneous consumers differ substantially in the perceived value of goods in the market, which influences their purchasing patterns, which also has an important impact on the revenue and market share of duty-free stores; and (3) the market shares of high-value consumers and the difference in initial perceived value determine the sales patterns and pricing strategies of duty-free stores and ultimately affect their revenue levels.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the direct impact of shopping experience of tourists on their satisfaction with shopping, while perceived crowding is used as a moderator in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The proposed conceptual model was tested by an empirical study where the data were collected from 411 German tourists, visiting Kaleiçi, Antalya-Turkey. Findings The study results revealed that tourist shopping experience (consisting of education, esthetic, entertainment and escapism dimensions) significantly determines satisfaction with shopping. Moreover, crowding perception has a two-dimensional structure, as human and spatial crowding. Human crowding, which reflects high human density, is found to negatively moderate the effect of shopping experience on satisfaction, where spatial crowding, which is related to high space density, does not influence this relationship. Originality/value This study exceptionally shows that crowding perceptions of German tourists in shopping are affected by both human and spatial crowding. In addition, the moderating role of perceived crowding is clarified in the relationship between shopping experience and satisfaction.

The research object of this subject, through cooperation with Shanghai International Fashion Education Center, a fashion travel education institution, is a convenient sample for the members of its “Japan Fashion Travel Project,” using quantitative research methods and research tools for questionnaires. From the perspective of tourist shopping experience marketing, this paper studies the relationship among tourist marketing, value perception, shopping satisfaction, and customer loyalty to outlets, and discusses the recommendations for sustainable development of outlets.

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In recent years, tourist destinations around the world have witnessed an exponential growth in the number of Chinese tourists. With a view of understanding the consequences of their shopping activity in terms of behavioral response, this study inspects Chinese college students traveling overseas by analyzing 180 questionnaires. The reasoned action theory is applied to examine the impact of a number of factors influencing shopping behavior. The inquiry at hand makes use of methods, including factor analysis, regression analysis, and moderation analysis, to explore the relationship among perceived service quality, perceived value and shopping behavioral intention of tourists. The results show, inter alia, that service quality is a relevant dimension influencing the likelihood of tourists to share their shopping experience with friends and relatives, encouraging them to shop in the same destination, and to continue to shop in the same destination themselves in the future, regardless of the costs of visiting. Therefore, improving service quality may increase college students’ consumption during travel as well as their word of mouth after returning home. The outcomes of this study may contribute to the existing tourism economics and management scholarship and the tourism industry.

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Although the tourism shopping experience is growing in volume and importance, there is a lacuna about how the experiential facets of tourism shopping shape tourists' attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, this study aims to provide a broader understanding of this, by exploring the structural relationships between tourism shopping experiences, tourism shopping value, affective attachment, and behavioral intention. Data were sourced from 500 international tourists who had shopping experiences in Ghana. Results showed that experiential facets of in‐and‐out of store ambience, product, and store policy, all significantly inform hedonic and utilitarian shopping values. Both utilitarian and hedonic values positively influenced affective attachment and behavioral intention. The results of this study have academic and practical implications, as they shed light on understanding the cognition‐affect‐behavior relationships in a tourism shopping context.

The Philippines is an agrarian-based tourism country, millions of tourists come to visit every year. However, most of the first-time visitors leave the question of why so few people decide to return for a tour of the Philippines' tourist destinations. This study aims to determine how the influence of the image of the destination, the experience of tourists on the intention to revisit through the value received and the satisfaction of tourists at tourist destinations in the Philippines. The research method used is quantitative, the sampling technique uses non-probability sampling and a sample of 287 respondents is obtained, the analytical tool used is Path Analysis and the hypothesis uses a significance test using SEM AMOS and SPSS analysis tools. The results of this study indicate that direct testing of the tourist experience variable affects revisit intention in tourist destinations in Philippines, then for direct testing the perceived value variable has a significant effect on tourist satisfaction at tourist destinations in the Philippines, then tourist satisfaction is able to mediate the relationship between tourist experience and revisit intention.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah terdapat pengaruh antara memorable tourist experience terhadap electronic word of mouth, travel motivation, dan perceived value. Serta untuk melihat apakah ada hubungan antara electronic word of mouth, travel motivation, dan perceived value terhadap revisit intention di destinasi wisata Dusun Bambu Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 250 responden. Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi SPSS dan AMOS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa memorable tourist experience berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap electronic word of mouth, travel motivation, dan perceived value. Kemudian penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa electronic word of mouth, travel motivation, dan perceived value berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap revisit intention.

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Memorable Tourism Experiences (MTEs) and tourist interactions with (A) residents and (B) employees at destinations play a critical role in shaping place identity, customer perceived value (CPV), emotional experience, and active loyalty. This study, based on 295 responses analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM), investigates the relationships between these constructs. The findings reveal that both MTEs and interactions significantly impact CPV, place identity, and emotional experiences, which in turn influence tourists' active loyalty. Drawing on Stimulus‐Organism‐Response (SOR) theory, the research highlights how external stimuli like MTEs and social interactions trigger cognitive and emotional responses, leading to loyalty. The study is one of the first to differentiate the effects of interactions with residents versus employees on place identity and emotional experiences. These insights provide valuable guidance for stakeholders seeking to enhance tourist loyalty by cultivating meaningful experiences and informed management strategies aimed at improving customer retention.

Chinese tourist factory attractions are increasingly adopting Virtual Reality (VR) technology into experience design to enhance the appeal, visitor loyalty, and the industry’s sustainable development. However, research regarding the impact of VR on the sustainable development of factory tourism remains underexplored. This study reconstructs the “VR Perceived Experience-Perceived Value-Tourist Loyalty” model to explore the mechanisms through which VR experiences affect tourists’ perceived value, loyalty, and sustainability in tourist factories. We surveyed 521 VR participants at tourist factories and employed structural equation modeling for empirical analysis. The results indicate that: (1) the authenticity, immersion, interactivity, and aesthetics of VR experiences at tourist factories significantly and positively affect VR multi-sensory perception experiences; (2) multi-sensory VR perception experiences significantly and positively affect the perceived quality and perceived value of tourist factories; (3) multi-sensory VR perception experiences do not directly influence tourist loyalty; (4) VR perceived quality significantly and positively affects the perceived value and loyalty toward tourist factories; (5) the perceived value of tourist factories significantly and positively affects tourist loyalty. The findings elucidate the interrelationships between VR experiences, tourists’ perceived value, and loyalty in the context of tourist factories. They also provide theoretical support and practical guidance for policymakers in industrial tourism policymaking, management, experience design, and the sustainable development of factory tourism.

Destination image can be used to strengthen brands and change markets. Brands can be formed with marketing communication strategies, one of which is using storytelling. The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of memorable tourist experience on storytelling behavior through perceived value in the post-pandemic period. The research was conducted at the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir tourist destination. The sample criteria used are tourists who have visited at least 2x (twice). The data was collected using the google form and 160 effective questionnaires were collected which would then be processed using the AMOS Structural Equating Modeling (SEM). Research shows: (1) Memorable tourism experience has a significant effect on perceived value; (2) Perceived value has a significant effect on storytelling behavior; (3) Memorable tourism experience has a significant effect on storytelling behavior; (4) Memorable tourism experience has a significant effect on storytelling behavior through perceived value. In suggestions for tourist destinations are that managers create a pleasant experience so that it is still stored in the memories of tourists and becomes a very memorable tourist experience. Citra destinasi dapat digunakan untuk memperkuat merek dan mengubah pasar. Merek dapat terbentuk dengan strategi komunikasi pemasaran, salah satunya dengan menggunakan storytelling. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan pengaruh memorable tourist experience terhadap storytelling behavior melalui perceived value pasca pandemi. Penelitian dilakukan di destinasi wisata Waduk Gajah Mungkur. Kriteria sampel yang dipergunakan adalah wisatawan yang baru berkunjung minimal 2x (dua kali). Pengumpulan datanya dengan menggunakan google form dan terkumpul 160 kuesioner efektif yang selanjutnya akan diolah menggunakan Structural Equating Modeling (SEM) AMOS. Penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Memorable tourism experience berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perceived value; (2) Perceived value berpengaruh signifikan terhadap storytelling behavior; (3) Memorable tourism experience berpengaruh signifikan terhadap storytelling behavior; (4) Memorable tourism experience berpengaruh signifikan terhadap storytelling behavior melalui perceived value. Saran bagi destinasi wisata adalah pengelola menciptakan pengalaman yang menyenangkan sehingga masih tersimpan di dalam memori wisatawan dan menjadi pengalaman yang sangat berkesan (memorable tourist experience).

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted tourist behavior and changed how loyalty to travel destinations is built. This study aims to explore the factors influencing destination loyalty in a post-pandemic context, considering tourists' changing expectations and satisfaction. Drawing on Expectation Disconfirmation Theory (EDT), the research develops a conceptual model to explore the relationship among perceived value, destination image, experience quality, destination satisfaction and destination loyalty. A convenience sampling strategy was employed to collect data through 264 tourist questionnaires. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was utilized in analyzing data gathered to support hypothesized associations. Results indicate that experience quality, destination image and perceived value contribute significantly to destination satisfaction, which, in turn, has a strong and positive influence on destination loyalty. Results also highlight the mediating influence of satisfaction in post-pandemic travel environments on developing loyalty. This study is limited by the application of a cross-sectional design and non-probability sampling, which will probably affect the generalizability of the findings. Future research should employ longitudinal methods and large samples to confirm and generalize the proposed model. The study provides policymakers and destination marketers with practical insights into the importance of experience quality and perceived value in achieving ultimate tourist satisfaction and loyalty. As a post-pandemic context, these attributes must be a priority to maintain and regain competitive tourism destinations. This research contributes to the body of tourism literature through the application of EDT in a post-pandemic setting, giving a new perspective on how tourist loyalty is reclaimed through satisfaction driven by shifting perceptions and experiences.

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ABSTRACT Shopping in duty-free stores plays an increasingly important role in tourism, but few studies have focused on the impact of tourists’ shopping experience and enjoyment on their satisfaction. This study aims to examine how shopping quality affects the well-being of tourists, with a specific focus on the role of fun experience (including hedonic engagement, sense of liberation, and sense of fun) as a mediator. This research fills a gap in the existing literature by carefully analysing how shopping quality and fun experiences enhance tourists’ well-being. A cross-cultural sample was surveyed using quantitative methods to ensure the results were universally applicable. Based on 514 valid questionnaires, the study uses Structural Equation Modelling to analyse the data and draw several conclusions. First, the study finds that shopping quality positively impacts tourists’ fun experience. Second, it confirms that fun experience is a significant source of well-being for tourists. Third, the study shows that fun experiences mediate between shopping quality and well-being. Finally, the research confirms that hedonic engagement and a sense of liberation are foundational to a sense of fun. These findings offer crucial insights for retail managers and marketers in developing strategies to enhance shopping experiences and improve consumer satisfaction and well-being.

With the increasing significance of travel retail within the global tourism industry, understanding the effects of duty-free shopping experiences on traveler well-being and brand perceptions has become crucial for enhancing customer satisfaction and engagement. This study examines the relationships between duty-free shopping experiences, traveler well-being, and brand perceptions at King Fahd International Airport. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, data were collected from 412 passengers who had recently engaged with duty-free shops. The study incorporated four key experiential dimensions—pragmatic, sociability, hedonic, and usability experiences—alongside well-being, brand engagement, brand experience, and word-of-mouth (WOM) advocacy. The findings indicated positive associations between well-being and pragmatic, hedonic, and usability experiences. Moreover, well-being significantly influenced brand engagement and brand experience, but not WOM. Brand engagement was found to be a significant predictor of brand experience, while it had no significant effect on WOM. Additionally, WOM did not significantly influence brand experience. These insights contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between shopping experiences, well-being, and brand-related outcomes, providing valuable guidance for airport retailers and marketers to optimize traveler satisfaction and engagement.

Hainan Province’s unique geographical advantages are in an important position in China’s future economic development layout. Promote the development Hainan Province’s economy tourism, The State promulgated the offshore duty-free policy in Hainan Province, and paper studies impact on the tourism consumption and economic development Hainan Province in this context. The results show that the impact of the offshore duty-free policy on tourism consumption and economic development in Hainan Province has increased significantly, implementation of the duty-free policy has also led development surrounding industries. Conclusion that the offshore duty-free policy has stimulated tourism consumption and economic development in Hainan Province is valid in the short term. At present, based on the content of the policy, this paper will further expand the duty-free quota and commodity categories of duty-free goods, and strengthen the improvement and publicity of the policy, so as to build a world-class international shopping center and international tourism center.

Abstract Shopping can be one of the primary motivations for tourism, and commercial revenues are becoming an indispensable source of income for airports. Understanding airport shoppers' satisfaction is thus becoming increasingly relevant for airport operators and remains largely unexplored in the academic literature. This paper contributes to the strand of the literature analysing the satisfaction of duty-free shoppers through a six-item construct that was modelled using a hybrid fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. A questionnaire was administered at the international terminal of a regional airport in Australia. The results show that the differences in terms of place of residence and passengers' destination route are factors influencing the level of shoppers' satisfaction. Residents in Australia and passengers travelling short-haul are more satisfied than non-residents of Australia and those travelling long-haul. With respect to each attribute, the satisfaction elasticities show that shoppers are more elastic in terms of the variety of items available in the shops and the choice of international brands; and satisfaction is less elastic with respect to the ease with which specific items can be found, as well as the ‘look and feel’ of the shops.

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PurposePast research often relies on linear relationship assumptions from the perspective of managers when studying the relationship between attribute performance and satisfaction. However, this study extracts tourists’ online reviews to explore asymmetric relationships and identifies island tourism satisfiers, hybrids and dissatisfiers.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses 3,523 reviews from Tripadvisor to examine Langkawi Island’s tourist satisfaction. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) machine-learning approach, penalty–reward contrast analysis and asymmetric impact-performance analysis (AIPA) were employed to extract and analyse the data.FindingsLangkawi’s dissatisfiers included “hotel and restaurant”, “beach leisure”, “water sport”, “snorkelling”, “commanding view”, “waterfall”, “sky bridge walk”, “animal show”, “animal feeding”, “history culture”, “village activity” and “duty-free mall”. Amongst these, five were low performers. Hybrids encompassed “ticket purchasing”, “amenity” “traditional food market” and “gift and souvenir”, all of which were low performers. Only one attribute was categorised as a satisfier: “nature view” which performed exceptionally well.Practical implicationsThis study provides recommendations to enhance tourist satisfaction and address tourist dissatisfaction. The elements requiring immediate attention for enhancement are the five low-performance dissatisfiers, as they represent tourists’ fundamental expectations. Conversely, the satisfier or excitement factor (i.e. nature views – mangroves and wildlife) could be prominently featured in promotional materials.Originality/valueThis research constitutes an early endeavour to categorise attributes of island tourism into groups of satisfaction, hybrid or dissatisfaction based on user-generated data. It is underpinned by two-factor and three-factor theories.

The tourism shoppers’ purchasing behaviors have critical effects to economies, but there are few of comprehensive review that integrates and synthesis the finding of literature on tourism purchasing behavior systematic from past, present and future perspective. As the international tourists consuming volume have decreased in average, the purchasing behavior has changed into online, planned characters especially under the conflict from COVID 19, this paper tries to find the way to solve this problem for the tourism retailing industries development and the market demand. The methods of this paper is to use the theory of tourist classification and duty-free products classification for research shoppers’ sample identification and duty free products wish lists audition, customers purchasing methods is to analyze the gap, Citespace is used here to fill the gap with domain knowledge and visualize the finding of 150 papers on tourism purchasing behavior published from 2010 to 2020. The finding of this research is: i) Lotte, King Power, Dubai international duty free can be Asia representative research shops, Chinese international tourists can be the research target group; ii) Fragrances & cosmetic, wines & spirits, fashion & accessories and personal luxury goods can be selected as the 4 duty free products categories; iii) Chinese tourism shoppers have the purchasing gap between oversea and domestic products, both those kinds of products can be acquired online and offline; iv) Multiple emergent themes in the existing corpus, the theory of planned behavior and online communication are the key domain knowledge to fill this gap. So, a questionnaire is urgent to design based on this research result to find out the decision tree nodes and then compose the decision-making model for duty free industry and tourism shoppers effectively.

Markets play an important role in the economy of a rural community. The market not only functions as ameeting place for sellers and buyers to carry out transactions, but also increases its function as a center forvarious community activities ranging from selling artistic, agricultural, handicraft, culinary, cultural, religiousproducts with the existence of the Melanting Temple for Hindus, especially those earn their living as traders inthe market. So it is very appropriate for the market to be called the center of the economy and also a touristattraction, especially shopping tourism. The existence of this market, some of which are global, some aredeveloping on a regional scale or traditional markets are found in every village in Indonesia, including onLombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province. In 2023, West Nusa Tenggara Province targets 2 million touriststo visit and spend their free time and money on holidays, whether they come in groups or independently. Forthe arrival of tourists, it is necessary to provide adequate tourist accommodation and tourist attractions, interms of quality and quantity. One of the tourist attractions offered to tourists visiting West Nusa TenggaraProvince is the Tenten Traditional Market with its various unique potentials which is not yet widely known andthere is a need for a development strategy in this qualitative descriptive research which is analyzed using SWOTAnalysis. With this SWOT analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that occur inconnection with the existence of the Tenten Golong Traditional Market as a tourist attraction in West NusaTenggara Regency are known. After knowing the elements of this SWOT, it is concluded that the TentenTraditional Market has the potential to be developed into a shopping tourist attraction by implementing severalgood strategies to improve the internal environmental conditions of the market, the quality of human resourcesmanaging the market, product quality, marketing and the external environment in outside that market.Keywords: Traditional Market, Development Strategy, SWOT Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply a fuzzy LinPreRa cognitive map to evaluate the interaction and importance of factors affecting the development of strategic alliance partnerships between the outlying island duty-free shops and existing collaboration firms in duty-free shops. Meanwhile, the key factors should be considered in establishing strategic alliance partnerships while analyzing and comparing the perspectives of owners for outlying island duty-free shop and partner vendors of collaborating firms along with differences of influencing key factors on partnership quality. Design/methodology/approach This study incorporates a fuzzy linguistic preference relation analytical network process (fuzzy LinPreRa ANP) in the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) method to formulate a fuzzy LinPreRa cognitive map to evaluate the interactions and importance of key factors and the conditions of interactive impacts during the establishment of strategic alliance partnerships. The authors use the outlying island duty-free shops in Taiwan as the empirical subject to illustrate how the fuzzy LinPreRa cognitive map is applied. In-depth, interviews and questionnaire surveys are conducted to collect and evaluate respondents concerning key factors affecting strategic alliance partnerships establishment. Findings The following three findings based on the results of empirical analysis: first, the administrative behavioral patterns of managers for strategic alliance partnerships encompass shared values and goal coherence, while the associative statements are located on the first layer of fuzzy LinPreRa cognitive map core associations, which illustrates that businesses attach great importance to conceptual ideas. Second, integrity and reputations of both parties are the governing mechanism of strategic alliance partnerships, influencing mutual reputation. Third, the relationship of strategic alliance partnerships refers to the profit opportunities of both parties and their ability to respond to the market, including future development, regional indicators, marketing capabilities, brand multiplicity and customer retention. However, it can be inferred that such associative factors are located in the outer layer or belong to noncore associations, which means that both parties’ abilities to respond to market reactions are weakened. Practical implications This study provides valuable relationship managerial strategies to maintain long-term partnerships for outlying island duty-free shops and their alliance collaborating firms including strengthened relationships of both parties’ managers to achieve common values and consistent objectives; improved beneficial value of both parties in strategic alliance partnerships; continued close communications to enhance the quality of strategic alliance partnerships; and establishment of personnel training mechanisms and strict formulation of management rules for strategic alliance partnerships. Originality/value The main valuable contributions are included the fuzzy LinPreRa cognitive map by combining two different decision methods including FCM and fuzzy LinPreRa ANP is proposed to help decision makers to improve the evaluation quality and calculation efficiency for critical elements’ interaction and importance; the fuzzy LinPreRa cognitive map can clarify considering significant factors when maintaining strategic alliance partnerships and further provide valuable relationship managerial strategies to maintain long-term relationships for duty-free shop owners and their alliance collaborating firms.

This study examines the status of the duty-free exemption system in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province and explores directions for future development. The operation of duty-free shops in Okinawa (Japan) and Hainan (China) is reviewed and improvements are proposed for Jeju’s designated duty-free shop system, including the removal of purchase frequency limits and expansion of eligible duty-free items. Based on the example of Heligoland (Germany), this study proposes an approach to designate affiliated islands as duty-free zones. Economic analysis indicates that establishing affiliated islands as duty-free zones could generate positive economic spillover effects not only in Jeju but across South Korea.

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This paper constructs a theoretical model based on the "Choice Set Theory" to explore the impact of Hainan's offshore duty-free shopping policy on tourists' consumption preferences. The study examines six policy dimensions: tourist identity, quota restrictions, sales channels, spatial distribution, output channels, and market supervision. Using questionnaire surveys, 289 valid samples were collected from duty-free shops in downtown Sanya and the airport, with statistical analysis performed using SPSSAU software. The results show that: quota restrictions, sales channels, spatial distribution, and output channels significantly affect tourists' activation set; females prefer offline channels and mail delivery; port output channels are significantly influenced by age; market supervision has a substantial impact on the inert set and exclusion set, with tourists showing high approval of regulatory policies. This study provides theoretical foundations and practical references for optimizing duty-free policies and formulating marketing strategies.

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This study attempts to develop a model of shopping experience memory and place attachment, examines the relationship between shopping experience memory and place attachment, with destination familiarity as a mediating variable. Additionally, the study investigates whether these relationships differ based on tourists' gender, educational level, and age. The research involved 421 tourists from the duty-free shops in Sanya, China. Questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS, AMOS to verify the reliability and validity of the survey. The results show that shopping experience memory is positively correlated with place attachment, and destination familiarity plays a mediating role between shopping experience memory and place attachment. Gender and age significantly moderate the relationship between shopping experience memory and tourists' place attachment, while educational does not moderate the relationship between shopping experience memory and place attachment.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the antecedents and consequences of travelers’ well-being perceptions in the context of a duty-free shop. For this, data were collected from 742 Chinese tourists who purchased goods at duty free shops while traveling in Korea within the past year using an online survey company’s system in China. The results indicated that pragmatic, hedonic, and sociability experiences have a positive influence on travelers’ well-being perceptions. In addition, travelers’ well-being perceptions aided the enhancement of brand attitude and brand preference, which in turn positively affected word-of-mouth. Novelty is the originality of this study as very few studies on this topic are presented in the extant literature and practical implications are also discussed.

In the modern world, a new category of travelers (global shoppers) has appeared. They are people who spend their time for shopping on abroad trips. The article considers the problem of understanding the consumer behavior of Russian tourists (Russian global shoppers) in duty-free shops. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of consumer behavior, motives and habits of Russian tourists when shopping at duty free stores at airports. A pilot study was conducted by questionnaire survey at the airport. The results of the study showed that Russian tourists consider shopping (duty free) as part of their trip abroad. They are looking for a favorable price / quality ratio. Many of them do not plan their shopping in advance, but adhere to certain budget restrictions. The paper offers suggestions to improve customer satisfaction. The results of the study are useful for business persons and marketing managers in the international trade sphere.

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Abstract Airport duty-free shopping is becoming the most important source of revenue and profit. As airports provide a unique retailing environment that differs from the day-to-day distribution channels, observation of travelers' shopping behavior in airports shows that it is different from that in traditional retail store environments. Duty-free retailers at airports must recognize this specific shopping behavior to maximize their sales performance. We examine the relationship between two different types of impulse buying behaviors: cognitive and affective. We also study travelers' satisfaction/loyalty in the context of airport duty-free shopping using two moderators of this relationship: intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Data were collected from outbound Chinese travelers, who represent the largest proportion of travelers worldwide, to identify implications for airport duty-free retailers. This study found a positive relationship between affective impulse buying behavior and travelers' satisfaction, an aspect that also generates loyalty in the context of airport duty-free shopping. Furthermore, travelers' extrinsic motivations moderate the negative relationship between affective impulse buying behavior and travelers' satisfaction. This study provides insights that airport duty-free retailers can utilize to motivate travelers’ consumption and enhance their satisfaction in duty-free shopping, thereby increasing consumer loyalty.

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This work proposes a multimodal neuro-signal fusion model for predicting consumer price sensitivity within immersive virtual reality (VR) duty-free shopping settings. Electroencephalography (EEG), eye-tracking, and galvanic skin response (GSR) signals were concurrently collected and synchronized at the millisecond level to elicit subconscious responses within 500 ms of every price cue. A cross-modal attention-based transformer model was trained and tested on a data set from 120 international travelers, producing 8,640 price-exposure events. The multimodal model resulted in an F1-score of 0.85 and ROC-AUC of 0.91, a 14% improvement over the best single-modal baseline performance. Ablation studies verifiec complementary roles across modalities, for which EEG frontal-theta power and gaze dwell on price tags were established as principal predictors. In an online A/B test imbedded in the VR store, adaptive discount policies activated by the model elevated conversion rates by 9.7 percentage points and lifted average basket sizes by 98.9 while holding profit margins. These findings prove not only the technical possibility of multimodal neural-driven price models but also their potential for creating real economic impacts in cross-border stores.

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This study draws on the premise of value-in-the-experience (VALEX), axiology, and situated cognition to investigate how value is contextualized within a broader social system that is manifested through the service environment where the shopping experience occurs. A cross-level framework is proposed to examine how shopping value is embedded within the broader setting. Findings reveal that the broader shopping environment is a facilitator of the value–experience process when tourists are seeking hedonic value, while it is a disabler when they are seeking utilitarian value. This inquiry opens a new avenue of research in shopping tourism, with a focus on a more complex dynamic of value-in-context based on situated cognition.

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Article history: Received May 15, 2013 Received in revised format 25 June 2013 Accepted 7 August 2013 Available online August 7 2013 The main objective of this study is to develop and to test a comprehensive model that investigates the effect of shopping environment on consumption emotion, perceived value and behavioral intentions in tourism setting. The proposed model specifies the effect of environment perceptions on consumption emotions (pleasure and arousal), hedonic and utilitarian value, which in turn emotions and values affect tourist’s satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Data were collected through tourists who visited a tourist city by using cluster random sampling method. A total of 410 questionnaires were used for data analysis. Structural equations modeling (SEM) by using LISREL was performed to empirically test the relationships between the constructs of this research . Results show that environment has a positive and significant influence on pleasure and arousal. However, the effect of environment perceptions on behavioral intentions was not significant. In addition, results indicate that pleasure and arousal have positive and significant effects on tourist’s values. Findings also indicate that hedonic and utilitarian values had direct effect on customer satisfaction and the effect of satisfaction on behavioral intention was positive and significant. Finally, it suggests that service providers should focus on components of environment in a way that contributes positively in creating positive emotions in customers, which in turn consumption emotions enhance perceived value and positive behavioral intentions.

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This research aims to explain and analyze the factors that influence Repurchase Intention in e-commerce in 5 big cities in Indonesia. This research is also intended to explain the Satisfaction variable that can mediate Utilitarian Shopping Value and Hedonic Shopping Value on repurchase intention. The subjects of this research are Indonesian consumers who shop online for fashion products in 5 cities, which are the cities with main source of ecommerce visitors. In this research, the Likert Scale was used as a research instrument measurement scale to determine the opinions of consumers in 5 city in Indonesia regarding the following three factors: (1) hedonic shopping value is necessary for e commerce in order to encourage users to make a repeat purchase/repurchase intent; (2) Utillitarian shopping value has a positive and significant effect on Repurchase intention; (3) Satisfactory shopping value perceived adventure journey in shopping, for example, to get value added in getting promos or discounts there can lead users to repeat purchases; and (4) Utilian shopping value can increase satisfaction; (5) satisfaction mediates the relationship between the two variables; (6) satisfaction is still able to have a significant influence on the motivation shopping value (Utiliarian and hedonitic) on epurchase intention, even though the nature of the satisfaction variable is partial mediation.

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The sustainable consumption trend is gaining popularity among Gen Z. Guided by the environmental awareness construct, Norm Activation Model, corporate social responsibility paradigm, and shopping value perspective, this study aims to assess how environmental awareness is connected to consumer evaluations of their personal consumption behavior and corporate social responsibility to help explain their sustainable apparel purchase intention, in conjunction with consumer shopping motivation. An online survey was conducted with a group of Gen Z consumers (N = 192). The results from testing the conceptual model indicated that environmental awareness was positively linked to personal norms and CSR expectations, both of which were similarly related to green purchase intentions. While hedonic and utilitarian shopping value was positively associated with CSR expectations, they were both negative predictors of green purchase intentions. This study is the first to integrate environmental ethics, personal ethics, expectations of corporate ethics, and hedonic vs. utilitarian consumption value to better understand the attitude–behavior gap in sustainable apparel purchase decision-making.

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Purpose: This study delves into the examination of the multifaceted determinants that impact impulsive purchasing inclinations within the realm of online retail, while simultaneously considering the idiosyncratic disparities in consumer shopping patterns.   Theoretical framework: The concept of perceived usefulness (PU) pertains to the degree to which a customer holds the belief that engaging in online purchasing will enhance their ability to carry out transactions effectively. The streamlined layout of a website facilitates user navigation and enhances their ability to access a wide range of information.   Method: The research utilises a quantitative survey to collect valuable perspectives from a heterogeneous cohort of internet consumers. The empirical evidence indicates that the presence of external stimuli, namely perceive ease of use and perceive usefulness exerts a substantial influence on impulsive purchasing tendencies.   Findings: The present study serves to enhance comprehension regarding the underlying mechanisms that drive impulsive purchasing behaviours in the contemporary digital era.   Research, Practical & Social implications: It offers valuable insights for both marketers and consumers who aspire to adeptly navigate the intricate online shopping landscape.   Originality: The research problem addressed in this study is the phenomenon of Impact of External and Internal Stimuli on Online Impulsive Buying Behavior: Mediating role of Hedonic and Utilitarian shopping value. this study proposes ideas for guiding government control in public events.

Abstract Consumer’s ability to touch products is an essential component of one’s retail shopping experience. When the ability to touch is not available, Virtual Reality (VR) platforms may provide a simulated medium for consumers to haptically explore products. In multiple studies, we discover that a VR retail environment (vs. an online retail website) positively impacts hedonic shopping value. Further, we demonstrate that a VR retail environment leads to consumers perceiving certain products as an extension of the body as opposed to perceiving it as a presentation of the body. Our findings reveal that a VR retail environment is more suitable for products that are perceived as an extension of the body (e.g., tools) rather than as a presentation of the body (e.g., clothes). Finally, we unveil mediating pathways to these relationships involving telepresence and need for touch.

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Introduction: This research aims to analyze tourist behavior after visiting tourist destinations in the Magetan district, namely how satisfaction can encourage tourists to advocate for others through digital devices and social media.   Theoritical Reference This research uses consumer behavior theory, the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as grand theories. This research is quantitative research with a survey method. Research variables studied Souvenir Shopping, Destination Image, Tourist Satisfaction, and Digital Advocacy Behavior.   Method: Research variables studied Souvenir Shopping, Destination Image, Tourist Satisfaction, and Digital Advocacy Behavior. The population is all visitors to tourist destinations in Magetan Regency, a sample of which was taken as many as 267. The research hypotheses are 5 direct influences and 2 mediating influence hypotheses. Data testing uses Path Analysis and Sobel Test.   Results and discussion: The research results show that first, the Souvenir Shopping and Destination Image variables partially influence Tourist Satisfaction. Second, the variables Souvenir Shopping, Destination Image, and Tourist Satisfaction also partially influence Digital Advocacy Behavior. Third, the Tourist Satisfaction variable can mediate the influence of the Souvenir Shopping and Destination Image variables on Digital Advocacy Behavior.   Conclusion: What can be concluded from this research is that both satisfaction and dissatisfaction with tourist visits, the experience of shopping for souvenirs, and the experience of enjoying tourist destinations can encourage tourists who have visited tourist destinations in the Magetan district to advocate for other people so they are willing to visit. Managers of tourist destinations in Magetan need to maintain and develop the image of tourist destinations by creating new concepts and maintaining the uniqueness and convenience of shopping for souvenirs so that publicity by tourists through Digital Advocacy always increases.

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Article history: Received: July 9 2019 Received in revised format: July 19 2019 Accepted: August 19, 2019 Available online: August 19, 2019 The main objective of this research paper is to examine the mediating roles of place attachment and tourist satisfaction on destination attractiveness and loyalty relationship using the phantom approach among foreign tourists visiting Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Tourists from three countries listed in the top 20 international markets visiting Malaysia were chosen as the target population. The survey was conducted at the departure hall of Langkawi International Airport using a simple random sampling method. A total of 365 useful questionnaires were returned and analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings of the study have empirically demonstrated that destination attractiveness had no significant direct influence on destination loyalty. However, the study discovered that tourist satisfaction and place attachment fully mediated the relationship between destination attractiveness and destination loyalty. Destination attractiveness has an indirect effect on destination loyalty. The study also illustrated that the tourist satisfaction factor had a stronger mediator effect than place attachment factor in the destination loyalty relationship model. The study suggested several insightful recommendations to the destination management office in maximizing tourist’s experience with cultural attractiveness and adequate infrastructure, thereby, enhancing the visitation of international tourists to Langkawi Island. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that tend to influence the behavior of interest in returning to a destination. This study develops a problem regarding how the quality of destination services and destination attractiveness can positively affect tourist loyalty in terms of interest in returning to visit. This study uses 2 types of research data, namely primary data and secondary data. In this research, the population determined is the people who visit the Kota Lama Semarang tour who have visited more than 3 times. This research uses analytical techniques that are quantitative analysis using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique as a statistical instrument to test various hypotheses that have been determined. The results of this study indicate that destination attractiveness affects tourist satisfaction; destination service quality affects tourist satisfaction; This study cannot prove the effect of destination attractiveness on interest in returning to visit; however, this research can prove the influence of destination service quality on interest in returning to visit; and the influence of tourist satisfaction influences the interest in returning to visit. Keywords : Destination attraction; Quality of Service; Destination Service Quality; Tourist Satisfaction; SEM

This study examines the role of culturally rooted cuisine in shaping tourist satisfaction and enhancing the perceived attractiveness of destinations within the broader framework of cultural tourism. Based on responses from 289 participants, the research analyzes four core constructs: the culinary encounter, depth of cultural engagement, the symbolic perception of traditional food practices, and the educational dimensions embedded in gastronomic experiences. These variables are evaluated concerning their influence on both emotional resonance (affective response) and rational appraisal (cognitive evaluation) among visitors. Findings demonstrate that culturally rooted cuisine transcends mere sensory enjoyment, serving instead as a potent vehicle for cultural immersion and informal learning. Each hypothesized relationship is statistically significant, with tourist satisfaction emerging as the most critical predictor of destination appeal. Of particular interest is the educational value derived from food-related experiences—framed as the transmission of cultural and historical knowledge through cuisine—which simultaneously reinforces tourist satisfaction and enriches perceptions of the destination. The conceptual framework synthesizes insights from experiential marketing, destination image Theory, and scholarship on cultural consumption—the research positions cuisine as a dynamic and expressive medium of cultural identity. From a managerial perspective, the findings underscore the strategic importance of curating culinary experiences that are narratively rich, participatory in nature, and deeply embedded in local cultural contexts.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the influence of destination image, tourist attraction, and experience of climbers on intention to return with satisfaction as an intervention variable for climbers of Mount Gede Pangrango. Instruments used in this research were questionnaires to 150 respondents with descriptive and quantitative data processing and analysis. Descriptive analysis in the research aims at describing the characteristics of the respondents and describing the research variables, while quantitative analysis is carried out using SEM - PLS (Partial Least Square) tools with the aim of testing the hypothesis. Based on the results of the analysis in this study, it can be explained that the image of the destination, tourist attraction, and experience of climbers has a positive and significant effect on satisfaction among climbers of Mount Gede Pangrango. Destination image, tourist attraction, climber experience, and satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on intention to return to climbers of Mount Gede Pangrango. Travel image, tourist attraction, and climber experience have a positive and significant effect on Repeat Visit Interest with Satisfaction as an intervention variable for climbers of Mount Gede Pangrango.

This study examines tourist satisfaction as a key factor in enhancing the overall tourist experience and the competitiveness of destinations. Satisfied tourists are more likely to increase their spending, revisit the destination and share positive experiences online, thereby reinforcing a destination reputation and attractiveness. To measure tourist satisfaction comprehensively, the study adopts the six “As” theoretical model that includes access, attractions, accommodation, amenities, ancillary services and assemblage. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on this framework and distributed to a convenience sample of 1,468 respondents. The validity, reliability and dimensional structure of the items were evaluated. Global satisfaction was then measured through a theory-based aggregation of indicators and analysed in relation to tourists’ sociodemographic characteristics. The findings confirm that the six “As” model effectively captures multiple dimensions of tourist satisfaction. Results indicate significant variations in satisfaction levels across different sociodemographic groups, providing valuable insights into tourists’ expectations and experiences. This enables destination managers to identify specific strengths and weaknesses within the tourism offering. The research is made on a single destination, and it would be very useful to extend it to other both domestic and international destinations with similar strategic positioning. However, it proposes an experience-based approach during the experience, and this makes results extremely true and authentic and therefore very useful for decision-makers as well. The paper therefore represents an advance in experience-based marketing and management, since it is not just concentrated on the consumer side or on the company side: it is based on an overlapping approach that considers the whole tourist ecosystem at a destination level. The offers a very interesting and challenging perspective for decision makers in starting or developing co-projecting initiatives with customers in order to optimize and valorise the lived experiences in the destination. The experience-based suggested approach, based on the 6 As’ model, is a clear example of involvement of local stakeholders and consumers, with interesting implications for citizens as well. This opens a new horizon also for further research. This paper contributes to tourism research by proposing a holistic, theory-driven model for measuring tourist satisfaction that connects individual experiences with the broader destination ecosystem. Unlike traditional approaches, this model encourages continuous, data-informed improvement and fosters a more interactive relationship between tourists and destination stakeholders.

This study examines the relationship between destination image, tourist satisfaction and revisit intention in the Panjin Red Beach Scenic Area. The research used a questionnaire survey and convenience sampling to gather data from tourists. Results show that the area attracts a more educated demographic, with natural scenery and infrastructure receiving positive evaluations. Accommodation prices and parking lot capacity were rated low, and tourist shopping and management services received even poor ratings. However, the quality of entertainment activities in the area was rated high. The study confirms destination image significantly impacting both satisfaction and revisit intention. Tourists with higher satisfaction were more likely to revisit, suggesting that enhancing the overall tourism experience is crucial. The study recommends improving the tourist experience by innovating, diversifying offerings, optimizing service quality, improving infrastructure, managing peak times and holidays effectively, strengthening tourist feedback mechanisms and introducing smart technologies. These recommendations will serve as a reference for other tourist destinations and promote sustainable tourism development. Moreover, the development of the local tourism economy can also promote the progress of transition economics and finance.

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National parks are increasingly recognized as attractive nature-based tourism destinations, playing an important role in tourism development in Vietnam. The study investigates the relationships between nature-based destination attractiveness, tourists’ satisfaction, perceived risk, and their revisit intention for Bach Ma National Park, central Vietnam, particularly in the context of COVID-19. Data were randomly collected from 308 domestic visitors who visited the park from December 2020 to May 2021, and structural equation modeling was performed to examine the relationships. The results of this study show that all six attributes of Bach Ma National Park, including natural, social, and cultural attractions, infrastructure, accessibility, prices, and services, had a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction. Vietnamese tourists’ perceived risk associated with the pandemic had a significant negative impact on their satisfaction and a positive effect on their revisit intention. The findings from this study make a significant contribution to nature-based tourism literature, particularly towards effective marketing and management of national park-based tourism destination in Vietnam, notably with domestic tourists and in times of shocks such as COVID-19. Plain language summary Purpose: This study aims at exploring the relationships between nature-based destination attractiveness, tourists’ satisfaction, perceived risk, and their revisit intention for Bach Ma National Park, central Vietnam, particularly in the context of COVID-19. Methods: Data were randomly collected from 308 domestic visitors who visited the park from December 2020 to May 2021, and structural equation modeling was performed to examine the relationships. Conclusions: The results of this study show that all six attributes of Bach Ma National Park, including natural, social, and cultural attractions, infrastructure, accessibility, prices, and services, had a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction. Vietnamese tourists’ perceived risk associated with the pandemic had a significant negative impact on their satisfaction and a positive effect on their revisit intention. Implications: The findings from this study make a significant contribution to nature-based tourism literature, particularly towards effective marketing and management of national park-based tourism destinations in Vietnam, notably with domestic tourists and in times of shocks such as COVID-19.

Purpose: This research aims to investigate the interplay between destination image, Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WoM), service quality, and tourist satisfaction during their stay in Bali. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research design uses quantitative causality. The data collection technique employed in this study involves a questionnaire distributed to 600 respondents, determined through incidental sampling. Findings: Service quality, while the services provided by the Monkey Forest staff are well-received by tourists; destination image, while the attractiveness of Monkey Forest tourist attractions is unique and appealing; and the beauty of the natural landscape. Tourist satisfaction exerts a positive and significant influence on e-WoM, while a satisfied traveler with the image and service quality of the monkey forest destination is willing to engage in marketing through electronic word of mouth. Additionally, two moderation relationships are discovered: the relationship between service quality and e-WoM, which is positively and significantly influenced by the variable of tourist satisfaction, and the clause relationship, wherein destination image positively and significantly influences e-WoM, with tourist satisfaction as a moderating variable. Conclusions: So, it can be concluded that there are five clause relationships between variables as hypotheses, including three direct effects and two moderating relationships (indirect effects). Research Limitations: The limitations of this research lie in the limited coverage of the research object, focusing on either a specific area or solely on one destination. Practical Implications: The implication of this study on the e-WoM variable, which serves as an endogenous variable, significantly impacts the Normated Fit Index, albeit within reasonable limits.

Mount Bromo is one of the most famous tourist destination in Indonesia. Many tourist are willing to make revisit to Mount Bromo more than once. This research is quantitative and explains the condition of each variable and  the effect of tourism attractiveness variables and destination image on revisit intention with tourist satisfaction as an intervening variable. The population of this study is tourists who visiting Mount Bromo between November 2018 - December 2018, while the samples used were 385 people from visitors to Mount Bromo. The number 385 is obtained after the calculation is done using the Lemeshow formula. The method of collecting data using a questionnaire and using the purposive sampling method. In analyzing data this study uses path analysis. The findings in this research are: (1) Tourism Attractiveness has a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction ; (2) Destination image has a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction; (3) Tourism attractiveness has a positive and significant effect on revisit intention; (4) Destination image has a positive and significant on revisit intention; (5) Tourist satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on revisit intention; (6) Tourism attractiveness and destination image has a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction; (7) Tourism attractiveness and destination image has a positive and significant effect on revisit intention through tourist satisfaction Keywords: Tourism Attractiveness, Destination Image, Revisit Intention, Tourist Satisfaction DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-11-12 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

The growth of the retail business in Indonesia has led to increasing competition among industry players, pushing each to compete more aggressively in their marketing efforts. As the fashion industry in Indonesia continues to evolve, retail fashion companies are striving to create high-quality products to attract and engage customers, with the ultimate goal of fostering customer loyalty. Additionally, findings show that 118 out of 126 respondents tend to compare products from various brands before making a purchase. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationships between customer perceived value, customer engagement, and customer satisfaction in relation to customer loyalty in the retail fashion industry. The analysis was conducted quantitatively by distributing questionnaires to 235 respondents, which were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that customer perceived value (including product quality, service quality, and price fairness), customer engagement, and customer satisfaction (both product and brand satisfaction) have a positive and significant relationship with customer loyalty. Based on these findings, managerial implications have been developed for the fashion retail industry to refine their strategies and enhance customer loyalty.

This study investigates the primary determinants of consumer purchase intention within the rapidly expanding retail sector of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. As market competition intensifies, understanding the factors that drive consumers' willingness to buy is crucial for retailers. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Stimulus-Organism-Response framework, and Perceived Value Theory, the research proposes a conceptual model comprising five independent variables: perceived product quality, price fairness, brand trust, customer experience, and sales promotion. Employing a quantitative research design, empirical data was collected through a survey of 417 retail consumers in Ho Chi Minh City using a convenience sampling method. The collected data underwent rigorous statistical analysis using SPSS, which included reliability testing via Cronbach’s Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The empirical results reveal that all five examined factors have a significant and positive impact on consumer purchase intention, jointly explaining 68.1% of its variance. Notably, brand trust emerged as the strongest predictor of purchase intention, followed by perceived product quality, customer experience, price fairness, and sales promotion. The findings confirm that consumers prioritize trustworthiness, product excellence, and positive shopping experiences when making purchasing decisions. The study provides valuable theoretical contributions by integrating multiple retail-related determinants into a unified framework. Practically, it offers actionable insights for retailers and marketers to develop effective strategies focused on enhancing trust, optimizing product quality, and improving the overall customer experience to sustain a competitive advantage in Vietnam's dynamic retail market.

Although consumer-perceived utilitarian value and hedonic value have been considered essential antecedents of consumer behavior, few studies have investigated the effects of both website quality and online retail performance on consumer-perceived utilitarian value and hedonic value, which in turn affect consumers' relationship commitment. This study analyzed data from 394 online shoppers using structural equation modeling. The results revealed that both utilitarian and hedonic value significantly and positively affected relationship commitment. Information quality, system quality, service quality, and price fairness were revealed to significantly and positively affect the perceived utilitarian value of online stores, whereas system and service quality increased perceived hedonic value.

This study investigates the complex psychological and ideological dimensions of consumer behavior in the discrete GPU (graphics processing unit) market, with a focus on the role of MSRP (manufacturer’s suggested retail price) as a cognitive anchor. Drawing on survey data and a mix of quantitative and qualitative consumer responses, the research examines how perceived fairness, moral reasoning, and market ideology influence willingness to pay (WTP), particularly under conditions where price exceeds or undercuts MSRP. The findings reveal significant elasticity in consumer demand, shaped not only by performance-to-price considerations but also by emotional reactions to corporate pricing strategies. Notably, while MSRP is often rejected as an indicator of intrinsic value, many consumers nonetheless adhere to it as a normative benchmark when it is viewed as favorable. This adherence is contingent on broader narratives about greed, justice, and historical pricing. A disconnect emerges between consumers’ professed support for free-market principles and their disdain of profit-maximizing behavior, particularly when pricing is perceived as exploitative. The study challenges the predictive power of neoclassical economic models by highlighting contradictions between rational utility-maximizing behavior and emotionally charged market activity. These findings suggest the need for revised behavioral models that incorporate moral and ideological biases as central determinants of consumer valuation. Implications for pricing strategy, product positioning, and consumer expectation management are discussed.

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Abstract The emerging trend of organic food consumption is manifested by the opening of organic food restaurants in the hospitality sector. In this respect, drawing on cue utilization theory, stimulus-organism-response (S–O-R) theory, equity theory and the principle of dual entitlement, the aim of the current study is to investigate the role of perceived food quality (PFQ), price fairness (PF), perceived value (PV) and customer satisfaction (CS) on customers' revisit and word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions towards organic food restaurants. For this purpose, the empirical data were collected by means of a written survey instrument from customers who had previously visited an organic food restaurant. The hypotheses were analyzed with maximum-likelihood estimation. The findings revealed that PFQ positively influences PF and PV. The significant positive relationships were also confirmed between PF, PV, and CS. The findings were also supported that consumers’ behavioral intentions are influenced by CS. Furthermore, CS acts as a partial mediator among PFQ, PF, PV and behavioral intentions. Some significant theoretical and managerial insights are also presented.

Fine-dining restaurants represent the ultimate experience in the food industry, offering customers an elevated dining experience beyond mere sustenance. These establishments are characterized by high-quality food, appealing food visual, unique service, and remarkable ambiance. In this respect, drawing on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) that is extended from the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and equity theory, the objective of this study is to investigate the role of price fairness (PF), perceived value (PV), behavioural loyalty (BL) on purchase behaviour toward fine-dining restaurant experiences. For this purpose, the empirical data were collected by means of an online questionnaire of Saudi parent customers who had previously visited a fine-dining restaurant. The hypotheses were tested using SPSS software. The findings revealed that perceived value positively influences parents’ purchase behaviour. A significant positive relationship of price fairness and behavioural loyalty on purchase behaviour was rejected. The results also rejected the moderation effect of gender in the relationships between price fairness, perceived value, behavioural loyalty, and purchase behaviour.

No abstract available

Introduction: The aviation industry in Indonesia has experienced significant growth in recent years, becoming one of the most dynamic sectors in the national economy, especially with the emergence of new airlines such as Super Air Jet (SAJ) which offers low-cost flight services. This growth is driven by increasing community mobility and economic growth, which requires airlines to not only provide adequate services but also provide a satisfying experience for customers in an increasingly competitive aviation industry. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality, price fairness, and perceived value on customer loyalty at Super Air Jet airlines. Methods: This study uses a quantitative causal research type with the method used in this study using the Structural Equation method. Modeling (SEM) to analyze data obtained from respondents, and testing the validity and reliability of research instruments and testing the proposed hypotheses. Results: The results of the study indicate that service quality, price fairness, and perceived value have a positive influence on customer loyalty. In addition, customer satisfaction is proven to mediate the relationship between independent variables and customer loyalty, while image and trust do not have a significant mediating role in this study. Conclusions: These findings provide insight into strategies for increasing customer loyalty through improving service quality and price fairness. Customer satisfaction is a major factor in building customer loyalty. To increase loyalty, airlines need to focus on improving service quality and perceived value received by customers. Research suggestions include increasing price transparency and further exploring other factors that may influence customer loyalty in the low-cost airline industry.

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi dampak kolaborasi antara TikTok dan Tokopedia terhadap kecenderungan pembelian ulang (repurchase intention) pada generasi Z di Bali. Variabel yang menjadi fokus adalah perceived price fairness, perceived value, perceived risk, dan repurchase intention. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode Structural Equation Modeling menggunakan WarpPLS dengan sampel sebanyak 190 responden. Temuan menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara perceived price fairness, perceived value, dan perceived risk terhadap repurchase intention. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa persepsi tentang harga yang adil, nilai produk atau layanan, dan risiko yang dirasakan memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk keinginan generasi Z untuk melakukan pembelian ulang. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya strategi pemasaran yang berfokus pada meningkatkan persepsi harga yang adil, nilai yang diberikan kepada konsumen, dan mengelola risiko yang dirasakan guna memperkuat loyalitas konsumen dalam konteks kerjasama antara TikTok dan Tokopedia di pasar Bali. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam memahami perilaku pembelian konsumen, khususnya generasi Z, dalam era kolaborasi platform digital.

This study examines how perceived price fairness and consumer social experience affect customer engagement and repurchase intention among street coffee consumers in Indonesia. Using a quantitative explanatory approach with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on data from 400 respondents, the research identifies a dual-value dynamic between economic fairness and social experience in shaping consumer loyalty. The findings show that price fairness does not significantly influence engagement but directly increases repurchase intention, indicating that transparent pricing builds rational trust and behavioral loyalty. In contrast, consumer social experience strongly enhances both engagement and repurchase intention, confirming that emotional connection and social belonging are the main drivers of repeat behavior. Customer engagement also significantly predicts repurchase intention and mediates the relationship between social experience and loyalty, while its mediating effect between price fairness and loyalty is insignificant. These results demonstrate that engagement functions as a psychological bridge between social interaction and behavioral commitment. The study contributes to understanding consumer loyalty in informal markets and suggests that entrepreneurs should combine fair pricing with interactive, community-based experiences to strengthen customer trust and long-term loyalty.

Abstract The demand for gluten-free products has grown tremendously in the past decade globally. In this regard, the present research aims to examine how consumer satisfaction (CS) toward gluten-free products is influenced by perceived quality (PQ), perceived price fairness (PPF), and perceived value (PV), with the use of the theory of cue utilization, dual entitlement, and S-O-R theory. The hypotheses were tested with maximum-likelihood estimation. The finding of this study revealed that PQ, PPF, and PV positively influence CS. Additionally, the partial meditation impact of PV was observed between PPF, PQ, and CS. Theoretical contribution, managerial implication, and scope for further research are discussed at the end of the paper.

Customer loyalty in local retail is commonly explained by service quality and pricing; however, the indirect statistical pathway through which these factors are associated with loyalty remains underexamined, particularly from an Islamic business ethics perspective. This study examined the relationships among service quality, perceived price fairness, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty at Star Kitchen, a local retailer in Palu, Indonesia. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 102 repeat customers through a questionnaire and analyzed using PLS-SEM. Service quality was modeled as a reflective–reflective higher-order construct comprising tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Service quality and perceived price fairness were positively associated with customer satisfaction, with perceived price fairness exhibiting the stronger association. Among the significant direct paths, customer satisfaction showed the largest association with loyalty, whereas neither service quality nor perceived price fairness was directly associated with loyalty. Mediation analysis indicated indirect-only mediation through customer satisfaction in both relationships. PLSpredict indicated high out-of-sample predictive performance. Islamic business ethics was not measured directly but was applied as a normative interpretive framework. Accordingly, the findings may be interpreted as consistent with amānah, ṣidq, iḥsān, ʿadl, transparency, and mutual consent, without constituting empirical validation of these principles. The study provides contextual evidence from an ordinary local retail setting and identifies customer satisfaction as the principal indirect statistical pathway linking service and price evaluations to loyalty.

This study seeks to identify the implications of perceived product assortment quality (PAQ) and price fairness (PF) on consumer’s repurchase intention (RI) toward branded dairy products, with perceived value (PV) acting as a mediating variable. Using a value-based consumer behavior framework, the research focuses on Indomilk as a major player in Indonesia’s competitive dairy market. A structured survey employing a five-point Likert scale was administered to 109 respondents, and the data were subsequently analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3 software. The outcomes demonstrate that perceived PAQ and PF significantly enhance PV. However, PAQ does not directly influence RI, indicating a fully mediated effect through PV. In contrast, PF affects RI both directly and indirectly. The findings emphasize the central role of PV in sustaining repurchase behavior and offer strategic insights for value-oriented assortment and pricing decisions in the dairy industry

No abstract available

Economic policies and exchange rate fluctuations significantly impact the hotel industry. These changes force hotels to focus on providing value based on customer purchasing power. Customers compare prices with the benefits gained from products or services provided. Therefore, price fairness is crucial to determining value and customer satisfaction. Specifically, when the value of the product or service matches the price. Based on the current change in the exchange rate and its impact on prices and customers’ evaluations of products and services in hotels, and a lack of previous studies that dealt with the topic in Egypt. The research developed and examined a conceptual model grounded on three theoretical perspectives; equity theory, dual entitlement theory, and expectation-disconfirmation theory. The proposed model investigated the relationship between price fairness, perceived value, and customer satisfaction under the exchange rate change in hospitality industry in Egypt. Both paper-based questionnaires and web-based questionnaires were distributed to a stratified random sample of 384 guests in three, four, and five-star hotels in the Red Sea and Luxor governorates. The results show that the change in the Egyptian pound exchange rate increased food and beverage prices, and accommodation prices in hotels, moreover had a positive impact on the tourists’ decision to purchase. Additionally, price fairness affects both the perceived value (functional, emotional, social, and value for money, and customer satisfaction. Moreover, perceived value acts as a mediator in the relationship between price fairness and customer satisfaction. This research contributes to filling a knowledge gap and offers practical implications.