地方认同与“地方感”理论

基于文献计量分析与可视化，梳理与凝练1983~2020年国内外地方认同1564篇文献，从研究热点、研究历程、研究方法、研究者与研究机构及基金项目资助等方面进行比较。研究发现：国外地方认同研究经历了起步–提升–拓展–成熟的四阶段，而国内尚处于初步探索阶段；国内外均重视地方认同与旅游、教育及文化的相互影响研究，国内对地方认同与国家、城市建设相关研究尚显不足，有关地方认同的建构模式尚未统一。

在乡土社会独特的情境约束下，乡镇青年公务员“融入难”“适应慢”等水土不服问题凸显。作为政策执行“最后一公里”的关键力量，青年干部的工作适应状况直接关系到乡村治理效能，亟需通过增强其对地方和组织的心理归属感，从根源上破解适应困境。本文基于对450名乡镇青年公务员的问卷调查，从地方认同与组织认同双重视角出发，构建心理资本中介模型，分析其对工作适应性的影响。研究发现：地方认同与组织认同均显著正向影响工作适应性；心理资本在两者关系中起部分中介作用，间接效应占比超60%，表明增强青年公务员对地方与组织的情感归属，有助于提升其心理资本与工作适应能力。多群组分析进一步显示，地方认同对工作适应性的正向影响在本地生源公务员中显著，而在外地生源中不显著，表明地方认同的作用路径存在生源组间差异。据此提出强化地方融入、优化组织支持等建议，以破解基层青年干部“适应慢”困境。

本文以林白的长篇小说《北流》中的粤语实践为中心，探讨了方言文学在突破语言权力结构与重构地方文化认同中的双重价值。本文聚焦《北流》对勾漏粤语的创造性运用，通过文本细读与文化分析相结合的方法，揭示其如何借助方言特有的表意系统与审美特征，实现语言等级制度的双重突破。在语言权力的层面，《北流》不仅突破了以普通话为主导的层级秩序，通过勾漏粤语的在地性表达重建南方的话语场域，还以勾漏粤语与广府粤语的混杂使用，尝试瓦解粤语内部的正宗的使用规范。在重构地方文化认同的方面，《北流》通过激活地方经验与集体记忆，构建出了超越地域局限的共同想象。小说中的粤语方言实践超越了文学技巧的范畴，它不仅是地域特色的展现，更是对文化自主诉求的深刻表达。

高校学生就学迁移是我国人口迁移的重要形式之一。高校学生的地方认同对大学及其所依托城市的经济发展、学生与地方的情感交流具有重要意义。本研究从地理学的视角出发，通过问卷调查获取一手数据，运用Logit模型探究高校学生就学迁移与地方认同影响因素。研究发现：1) 不同属性高校学生的地方认同不存在显著差异；2) 是否有亲朋在昆、学校生活情况对高校学生就学迁移后地方认同的形成具有显著影响。

目的：本研究旨在了解流动人口的城市认同、主观幸福感与社会心理融合之间的关系。方法：采用《农民工城市认同问卷》、《社会距离量表》、《生活满意度量表》和《情感平衡量表》，对483名流动人口的数据进行分析。结果：(1)流动人口的主观幸福感能够预测其城市认同和社会心理融合，生活满意度、积极情绪起到正向预测作用，而消极情绪起到负向预测作用；(2)流动人口的城市认同在其主观幸福感对社会心理融合的影响中起到完全中介作用。

近年来传播学界聚焦传播与空间的互动，关注到了城市空间生产等主题。传播地理学通过探究空间、地方与传播的互动关系，突破传统媒介中心论，将地域文化及移动实践纳入研究视野，揭示媒介如何重构社会空间并形塑地方认同。基于传播地理学跨学科研究的概念框架，分析City Walk参与者在城市中行走移动过程中，与城市空间、地方的双重相遇，发现City Walk中呈现的地方符号、地方纹理的交织、地域化区隔与虚拟空间的打造，缓解社会加速理论视域下的时空压缩焦虑，实现媒介化空间实践与城市的协商互动。

近年来，古镇旅游、特色小镇建设热潮逐渐退去，众多古镇景区面临发展困境；而消费升级背景下，游客对旅游体验、旅游产品要求逐步提高，传统的风景观光型旅游产品难以满足其需求，其对原真性的追求构成了重要的旅游动机。重游率可以反映旅游的成熟程度及游客对该地的满意度水平。文章以乌镇为案例地，基于网络游记和旅游者问卷调查数据，挖掘提炼乌镇游客原真性感知要素及维度，探究了原真性对重游意愿的作用机制及地方依恋的中介作用。研究发现：客观和存在两类原真性对旅游者重游意愿的影响作用机制存在差异性，除对重游意愿的直接影响外，存在原真性也可经由地方依赖间接影响重游意愿。文章结合使用大小数据，交叉验证乌镇旅游者原真性感知的要素及维度，对原真性中客观和存在两分支、地方依恋两维度的审度丰富了已有的学术认知，也为优化旅游地管理建设提供了新思路。

鉴于快节奏城市生活对城市人群身心健康的负面影响日益凸显，短时间的休闲活动对城市休闲者心理恢复的积极作用渐受关注。休闲涉入和地方依恋对休闲需求分析的重要性虽已被广泛认同，但尚未有研究将两者与休闲者心理恢复联系起来，定量分析城市森林公园休闲者心理恢复的作用机制。文章将休闲涉入作为地方依恋的前因变量，并以地方依恋为中介构建结构方程模型，基于402份有效问卷实证检验了休闲涉入的吸引力、中心性和自我表达3个维度通过地方依恋的地方依赖和地方认同2个维度对休闲者心理恢复的作用机制。结果表明：1) 吸引力维度对心理恢复存在显著的正向影响，并且可以通过地方依赖和地方认同间接影响心理恢复；2) 生活中心性对心理恢复不存在直接影响，但其可以通过地方依赖间接影响心理恢复；3) 自我表达维度对心理恢复无显著影响，并且地方依赖和地方认同在其与心理恢复之间不存在间接影响。研究结论有助于了解城市森林公园休闲者的心理恢复作用机制，丰富对地方依恋的恢复作用的研究，并助力城市森林公园的管理与改造，更好地发挥其恢复性功能。

古城蕴含着丰富的历史文化底蕴，是极为重要的旅游资源，但近年来却出现了古城过度商业化的现象，游客已然难以感受到其原有的自然真实性。能否厘清真实性感知与推荐意愿之间的关系，关乎着旅游地能否实现长远的发展，因此，只有找到其中的作用机制，才能为旅游地的发展提供引擎和动力。文章以SOR理论为基础，引入体验质量、地方认同等变量，构建了真实性感知与推荐意愿关系的模型，并以云南丽江古城为样本地，探究真实性感知如何引发游客的推荐意愿。在对200份有效问卷进行分析后发现：旅游真实性感知能正向引发游客推荐意愿，在这一过程中，旅游体验质量承担了中介作用。因此，旅游地应该营造自然、真实的旅游体验环境，通过给游客提供优质的体验服务，并增强游客对旅游地的认同感和归属感，以增强游客对景区的推荐意愿，从而促进旅游地的可持续发展。

随着数字媒介的快速发展，短视频平台成为了文化传播和地方认同建构的重要渠道。本研究基于文化认同理论，探讨洛阳文旅短视频在数字空间中对用户数字地方感的构建过程。通过分析洛阳文旅短视频的文化符号、情感叙事以及平台算法等的作用，本研究从认知层面、行为层面和价值层面三个维度，深入探讨用户在数字平台上如何通过观看洛阳文旅相关短视频，形成对洛阳文化的认同，并赋予其特定的价值。在认知层面，本研究重点分析了短视频如何通过文化符号、视觉与情感叙事和平台个性化推荐等影响用户对洛阳文化的理解与认同；在行为层面，探讨了用户在观看短视频后的社交互动、旅游决策和文化消费等行为，如何体现他们对洛阳文化的认同感；在价值层面，分析了文化认同如何推动用户在情感和社会层面赋予洛阳文化特定的价值。研究表明，短视频平台通过多维度的互动与反馈，促进了用户对地方文化的认同，并通过情感共鸣和文化价值赋能，进一步加强了数字地方感的构建。本研究不仅可以丰富文化认同理论在数字媒介时代的应用，也为理解数字平台如何塑造地方文化认同提供了新的视角。

目前博物馆作为文化传承的重要载体，对于提升人们的文化素养和推动旅游业发展具有重要作用。本研究选取昆明市辖区历史博物馆、民族博物馆、综合博物馆为研究对象，基于博物馆游客满意度对游客文化认同进行初探，运用问卷调查法、探索性因子分析法、结构方程模型法等方法假设、探讨及验证博物馆游客“满意度–文化认同”的关系，并据研究结果为昆明博物馆旅游建言献策。

作为“新一线”城市和教育大都市的武汉拥有丰富的人才资源，但人才流失问题一直阻碍着城市的发展。近年来推出的各类人才政策初见成效，如何根据武汉市大学生的特点改善相应政策，以期留住更多的人才以及更长久地留住人才是目前关注的焦点。本研究以湖北大学为例，调查分析了生源地对大学生择业地域倾向的影响，以及学校认同的中介作用。并由此得出结论：生源地对择业地域倾向有显著的直接影响，学校认同在生源地对择业地域倾向的影响中起部分中介作用。即生源地为湖北省(非武汉市)的大学生留汉就业的意愿更强，不同生源地大学生的留汉就业意愿受其学校认同的影响。且大四学生生源地对留汉就业倾向的直接影响和学校认同的中介作用显著，大三学生不显著。性别对择业地域倾向无影响。据此对武汉市如何留住人才提出建议：通过改善大学的学习生活环境，加强大学生对学校的归属感和依赖感来提高大学生的学校认同和对武汉市的地方认同，从而增强其留汉就业的意愿。其次，加强对大三学生的留汉政策宣传，为大三学生准备留汉就业提供切实可行的指导。

改革开放以来，大规模人口流动催生的随迁子女群体，其身份认同在城乡文化多元互动中成为重要议题，深圳随迁子女因城市移民特质具有典型研究价值。研究基于段义孚“空间–地方”理论，采用问卷调查与定量分析，探讨其身份认同现状及影响因素。研究发现，该群体认同整体偏向深圳，本地出生者、幼年随迁者及青少年群体认同更强，亲切经验中的具身元素、居住时长、非语言文化适应及社会资本显著驱动认同，制度支持影响不显著。研究表明，随迁子女身份认同是身体经验、时间沉淀与社会互动共同作用的结果，现代城市认同更依赖生活实践性文化适应，建议社会支持从制度供给转向情感营造，为城市化进程中流动群体的社会融合提供参考。

当人们对场所深信不疑并参与场所的创造时，他们落脚的场所就具备了“场所精神”，这样一个场所的精神不仅仅是“乡愁”，更是家乡建设和可持续发展的不断努力。场所不是抽象的场所，而是具体事物的空间，一个场所的整体性不属于空间关系、结构机制和系统的抽象范畴。场所的精神只有通过人的活动、人的创造性和自由参与以及对人本性的理解才能赋予。自然形成的聚落和规划城镇是人们与其互动的场所，其居住地精神影响着人们对场所和活动的选择。笔者通过对乡土建筑中场所精神的分析和探索，由表及里、由浅入深地分析场所与乡土文化建设之间的关系，为未来的人文建筑设计提供参考方案，为探索“人性化”空间提供参考点，并希望实践成果为场所精神文化地再利用提供一定的参考价值以及实践的示范作用。

本研究以浙江西北部杭州余杭区及临安、长兴与安吉这3个县市各一个村为研究地点。采用实地问卷发放，调查了乡村居民对林地功能的认识，对乡村景观的偏好并与城市居民做比较，对乡村景观价值的认知，并了解当地居民对多种乡村景观发展策略的认同程度。研究反映出城镇化进程中不同地区乡村居民对乡村景观的依赖均已从经济生产功能转向多种社会价值的共同趋势。乡村居民对乡村景观的偏好与城市居民存在明显差异，但也有共同点，预示了公众增长的对自然与文化景观资源适意性的社会需求将使乡村景观的功能格局发生改变。根据4个样村的资源状况、区位条件、产业构成与农户的可持续发展意识与经营意向，结合内外驱动因素，提出乡村发展的模式，并探讨了具景观资源优势的乡村以旅游为主导的景观发展途径。

生态危机和能源危机把双碳发展战略提上战略日程，可再生清洁能源设计概念应运而生。随着传统可再生能源设施的逐步增多，传统可再生能源设施被推向多种矛盾的交汇点，其中传统可再生能源设施对传统的景观空间形态的渗透，造成了城市特色和地方感在逐渐消失。因此本文提出可持续能源景观融入城市景观的重要因素在于与地域文化的共融建构，尤其是在城市进行可持续能源景观实践，更要关注可持续能源景观作品对于地域文化的表达，营造出具有地域文化元素的可持续能源景观空间体验，强化居民的认同感与归属感，促进可持续能源景观与地域文化相适应，从而推动地域文化与可持续能源景观的良性发展。

国家广电总局提出“跟着微短剧去旅行”创作计划以来，为更好实现有效赋能文旅产业的目标，文旅微短剧应承担影像化地方性表征的任务，营造地方性审美以形成地方性特征的群体认同，进而提高微短剧内容的丰富度与观众的黏性。本文通过媒介地理学等研究范式，以浙产文旅微短剧为代表，探究文旅微短剧的媒介文化内涵，研究文旅微短剧中影像化的地方性表征，探讨地方文旅微短剧的地方性审美经验引发认同感的途径，为文旅微短剧创作找到更快速有效的途径。

基于段义孚的人文主义地理学视角，文章深入探讨美国乡土文学中的恋地情结，以萨拉·奥恩·朱厄特的《一只白苍鹭》为研究对象，分析了主人公与地方关系的变化以及恋地情结的形成过程。研究表明，小说中的恋地情结萌发于环境–感知阶段，发展于生活–态度阶段，升华于景观–价值观阶段，从中可以发现这一情感纽带的形成不仅与地方的物质环境有所关联，更与个体的生理心理息息相关，体现了物质、精神、自然等多维度的和谐互动。文章旨在证明朱厄特的乡土书写不仅表现了人与自然和谐共处的意蕴，更传达了人地相依的深刻内涵，这为理解美国乡土文学提供了新的视角，也丰富了人文主义地理学理论在文学研究中的应用与实践。

在文化和旅游深度融合的背景下，大湘西地区作为典型的民族文化与自然生态并重的区域，其文旅融合发展具有重要研究价值。本文以场景理论为分析框架，探讨文旅融合背景下大湘西文化价值的表达逻辑，分析当前存在的表达偏差与效能瓶颈，并从物理空间、符号空间与情感空间三个维度构建价值强化路径，提出“场景营造–价值共鸣–文旅共创”的优化策略。研究认为通过强化文化叙事、提升体验沉浸感和建立地方认同机制，可实现大湘西文旅融合由“展示”向“共鸣”的跃升，为中国西部民族地区的文旅发展提供可借鉴的路径。

目的：探讨感知压力对少数民族大学生返乡就业意愿的影响，以及家乡依恋在两者间是否起到中介作用。方法：采用方便取样法，以知觉压力量表、回乡就业意愿问卷和地方依恋量表对588名少数民族大学生进行问卷调查，采用相关分析、回归分析和结构方程构建等方法分析数据。结果：① 感知压力与家乡依恋呈显著负相关(r = −0.11, P P P P < 0.001)；③ 家乡依恋在感知压力与返乡就业意愿之间起完全中介作用[−0.05, 95CI (−0.083, −0.008)]。结论：感知压力不能直接影响大学生的返乡就业意愿，而是通过降低家乡依恋水平间接产生负向影响，这一发现为提升大学生返乡就业意愿提供了理论依据和实践启示。

地方依恋作为地方理论的一个分支，是指人与地方发展的联结，由情感、认知和实践三个部分所组成。它的研究对象通常是家、社会和城市等。地方依恋可以维持生存感、安全感和连续性，同时也能增强社会联结感和归属感，但是它也有消极的一面，比如抵制变化和保护现状，甚至还会影响到社区内小孩的发展。目前对于地方依恋的研究主要采用定量研究法、定性研究法以及定量和定性相结合的方法，已有一些研究用于自然资源的管理和保护以及增强社区认同方面。

语言景观研究作为外语教育的新兴领域，为语言教学与文化传承的有机融合提供了新的研究视角。针对国内语言景观教学研究中的理论构建和应用转化不足问题，有必要构建“语言景观与外语教学融合模式”。研究整合地方文化资源、外语教学实践与社会服务功能，围绕能力发展、文化认同、社会服务三个维度，构建本土化的语言景观教学理论框架。在实践层面，从教学路径、文化传承与成果转化三个维度创新外语教学范式，实现本土文化传承与高校外语教育的深度融合，以期为服务地方文化建设、提升区域文化的国际传播效能提供可资借鉴的实践方案。

社区感是社区心理学研究领域的核心主题之一，也是社区心理学家重点关注的主题之一。社区感具有环境特异性，不同类型社区中成员所感受到的社区感也存在差异，运动情境中的社区感也不例外，即运动社区感。本文将从发展进程、研究方法与测量工具等方面对西方运动社区感相关研究进行阐述，指出其中存在的不足之处，并展望了该课题未来的研究趋势。

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Abstract The ‘NIMBY’ (Not In My Back Yard) concept is commonly used to explain public opposition to new developments near homes and communities, particularly arising from energy technologies such as wind farms or electricity pylons. Despite its common use, the concept has been extensively critiqued by social scientists as a useful concept for research and practice. Given European policy goals to increase sustainable energy supply by 2020, deepening understanding of local opposition is of both conceptual and practical importance. This paper reviews NIMBY literature and proposes an alternative framework to explain local opposition, drawing upon social and environmental psychological theory on place. Local opposition is conceived as a form of place‐protective action, which arises when new developments disrupt pre‐existing emotional attachments and threaten place‐related identity processes. Adopting a social constructivist perspective and drawing on social representation theory, a framework of place change is proposed encompassing stages of becoming aware, interpreting, evaluating, coping and acting, with each stage conceived at multiple levels of analysis, from intrapersonal to socio‐cultural. Directions for future research and potential implications of the place‐based approach for public engagement by energy policy‐makers and practitioners are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

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Questions of 'who we are' are often intimately related to questions of 'where we are', an idea captured in the environmental psychological concept of place-identity. The value of this concept is that it attends to the located nature of subjectivity, challenging the disembodied notions of identity preferred by social psychologists. The topic of place identity would thus seem to be a productive point around which the sub-disciplines of social and environmental psychology might meet, answering calls for greater disciplinary cross-fertilization. This study contributes to this project by presenting a sympathetic but critical evaluation of research on place-identity. It argues that such research is valuable in that it has established the importance of place for creating and sustaining a sense of self. However, drawing on recent developments in discursive approaches to social psychology, the authors identify several limitations with existing work on place-identity. This critique is then developed through analysis of an ongoing research programme located in the changing landscapes of the new South Africa.

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Place attachment contributes to the making of place identity. This paper focuses on place attachment and its significance in defining place identity of the main shopping streets in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted to examine place attachment and place characteristics that influence it. This paper contributes in identification of place attachment constructs and place attributes that can be used as assessment indicators for future redevelopment of local urban places. It will benefit in securing place identity therefore, sustain attraction that will bring greater economic and tourism advantages to the city.

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The central concern of this book is place identity, and its representation and manipulation through planning. Place identity is of growing international concern, both in planning practice and in academic work. The issue is important to practitioners because of the impact of globalisation on notions of place. This book&nbsp;includes comparisons between Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden and Scotland, focusing strongly on the question of how different spatial planning systems and practices are currently conceiving and affecting issues of place identity.

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This paper examines the ways that Turkish immigrants create places of belonging in a German city. I suggest that transnational ties enable immigrants to forge local attachments through the production of place. Drawing on a neighbourhood case-study of Duisburg–Marxloh, I show how immigrants’ transnational ties and practices visibly transform their current place of residence through transnational consumption, mass media, and the establishment of communal places such as mosques and teahouses that also contribute to conflicts between groups. Their placing of identities also forms an engagement with the receiving society, as immigrants are actively carving out belonging in the face of often hostile attitudes from German residents. Viewing immigrants’ attachments from the perspective of places they create teases out the complexities of multiple and sometimes conflicting attachments of contemporary migrants, and allows for an understanding of transnational ties and engagement with the host society as complementary rather than contradictory.

Journal Article Remaking the nation: place, identity and politics in Latin America Get access Remaking the nation: place, identity and politics in Latin America. By Sarah Radcliffeand Sallie Westwood. London: Routledge. 1996. 216pp. Index. £45.00; ISBN 0 415 12336 4. Pb.: £13.99; ISBN 0 415 12337 2. Roberto Espindola Roberto Espindola 1University of Bradford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 73, Issue 1, January 1997, Page 208, https://doi.org/10.2307/2623625 Published: 01 January 1997

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Abstract Most research on climate change adaptation emphasizes the material and objective assets that build the capacity to adapt. Nonmaterial or ‘subjective’ attributes of adaptation (e.g. identity, beliefs, and values) are more difficult to quantify, and research in this area is less developed. Further effort is required to develop and test frameworks that facilitate a systematic examination of the subjective attributes of climate change adaptation. This article outlines the contribution of place identity theory as a lens through which to systematically examine how person–place bonds influence climate change adaptation. We provide a working typology of three interconnected place identity approaches to help elucidate this relationship. Each has strengths and weaknesses, depending on the theoretical and practical contexts within which they are used. The ‘cognitive‐behavioral approach’ has important utility in addressing how place identity shapes climate change perceptions and behavior; it can, however, be limited due to cognitive complexity and lack of richness from quantitative methodologies. The ‘health and well‐being approach’ addresses the often underemphasized health and well‐being impacts from climate change on place and identity, though the subjective nature of health must be considered in such an approach. The ‘collective action approach’ offers important insight into using place identity as a mechanism to foster collective opportunities for climate change adaptation. With such an approach, however, care must be taken to ensure inclusive representation of subgroup identities. We conclude by reflecting on how place identity theory can foster improved understanding in a critically important and emerging area of climate change adaptation research. WIREs Clim Change 2012. doi: 10.1002/wcc.164 This article is categorized under: Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change &gt; Behavior Change and Responses Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change &gt; Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation

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In order to synthesize the extensively studied place identities and their meanings, this paper reviews how researchers have conceived and deconstructed place identity. CiteSpace, a scientometric tool for visualizing and analyzing trends and patterns in scientific literature, is used to identify the active topics and new developments of publications in place identity. The data set input into CiteSpace consists of 1,011 bibliographic records retrieved from the core database of Web of Science with a title search of the articles published between 1985 and July 2019. The scientometric review reveals the extensive applications of place identity in various topics. Studies in this field experienced an active exploration in plural disciplines after 2000, and the hot area gradually concentrated on the discipline of humanities and social sciences after 2010 and shifted toward place marketing until now. A network of co-cited references identified seven dominant research clusters, of which the research on the influence of place identity on social actors' attitudes and behaviors is most prominent and the research on the effects of physical environment change on place identity captures the latest emerging area. Versatile meanings of place identity are witnessed in different clusters and articles of a cluster. These meanings are intertwined in shaping the knowledge base of thematic concentrations. To supplement the scientometric analysis, a deep survey on measuring methods and roles of place identity in the contents of academic articles was done to trace knowledge connections between different empirical understandings of place identity. Finally, this paper summarizes the meanings of place identity in four dimensions and in turn offers some suggestions for further research directions.

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Dark Tourism, including visitation to places such as murder sites, battlefields and cemeteries is a growing phenomenon, as well as an emergent area of scholarly interest. Despite this interest, the intersecting domains of dark tourism and place identity have been largely overlooked in the academic literature and this book aims to fill this void. The three main themes of Visitor Motivation, Destination Management and Place Interpretation are addressed in this book from both a demand and supply perspective by examining a variety of case studies from around the world. This edited volume takes the dark tourism discussion to another level by reinforcing the critical intersecting domains of dark tourism and place identity and, in particular, highlighting the importance of understanding this connection for visitors and destination managers. Written by leading academics in the area, this stimulating volume of 19 chapters will be valuable reading for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students in a range of discipline areas; researchers and academics interested in dark tourism; and, other interested stakeholders including those in the tourism industry, government bodies and community groups.

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This study investigates the differences in place identity between residents of rural and urban communities. Differently from previous research comparing place identity between neighborhoods or countries, our study focuses on the local community type (urban or rural) as a key determinant of place identity. This fills a research gap in environmental social psychology, frequently ignoring the role of community type in shaping people's relationship with their local community. In particular, we analyze to what extent residents of rural communities present greater levels of cognitive, affective and evaluative place identity than their urban counterparts. Based on data from 1153 residents of Spanish rural and urban areas, results reveal that there is no difference between both environments in cognitive place identity. However, residents in rural communities show greater levels of affective and evaluative place identity than city dwellers. In addition, age moderates the influence of community type (urban vs. rural) on affective and evaluative dimensions of place identity. The discussion helps explain how place identity is developed differently in rural and urban locations. The study concludes that these differences are not caused by community size, but by community type and its personal relevance.

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The role of festivals in challenging the perception of local identity can be very important and, in the case of small festivals, is often the most important outcome. This paper discusses the Rollin' Down the River Festival , held in the autumn of 1997 in communities along the Kansas River in this context. While multiple research strategies were employed to evaluate the festival, questionnaires completed by festival committee organizers were the most useful, and this paper was based largely upon them. There were five main categories of festival attractions (Kansas River programmes, rural homecomings, programmes by or about Native Americans, natural environment activities and the celebration of local agriculture). Attendance figures were highest at the opening and closing ceremonies, at programmes directed towards school children and at rural homecomings. Programmes in larger towns failed to attract as much attention, so attendance was inversely related to population size. The popularity of programmes based on the frontier/early settlement period of the mid- to late nineteenth century was noticeable. Despite being characterized as an example of tourist commodification, such events did lead to a positive self-identification for the local community.

The paper describes the relationship between identity and the physical environment: social identity theory, place- identity theory and identity process theory. The place identity is focused on the relationship between people and the environmental psychology. Then, the paper tends to explain that social identity theory and identity process theory can also be used explaining the relationship between place and identity. Questions to visualize about: How well do identity process theory and social identity theory describe the influences place has on identity? What is the meaning of place in environmental psychology? Does it have any effect on identity and politics of identity? It also argues that place is not a category of identity. Places have symbols of many different social categories and concepts, places speak and preserve identity on various dimensions and levels.

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Abstract Place is a process, and it is human experience and struggle that give meaning to place. Place identity is a cultural value shared by the community, a collective understanding about social identity intertwined with place meaning. The process through which place identity is constructed and internalized is poorly understood. This study analyzes the relationship between changing power relations, meanings in the built environment, and the emergence of place identity in two copper mining towns in Sonora, Mexico. I focus on how hegemony is materialized in the landscape. Hegemony can serve to create the perception of harmony between landscape meaning and material reality. If this occurs, place identity emerges. Through the course of my analysis, the focus on two mining towns in Sonora also illustrates the importance of place in political economic change, particularly for neoliberal adjustments in Mexico. Keywords:: hegemonylandscapeminingplace identityMexico

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Stated preference methods are frequently employed to measure people's willingness to pay (WTP) for ecosystem services. However, these techniques are also criticized for following a simplified approach, which often ignores the role of complex psychological and sociological factors, such as general environmental attitudes and place identity beliefs. By means of a discrete choice experiment exercise, we explored the influence of general environmental attitudes and place identity perceptions on WTP, taking peatland restoration in Scotland as a case study. Our research adds to the existing literature by providing a more nuanced picture of the determinants of WTP and by exploring and mapping the distribution of the estimated welfare measures. Our results, obtained from the estimation of hybrid choice models, show that people with more positive environmental attitudes and greater attachment to peatlands and Scotland tend to display higher WTP for peatland restoration. However, differences exist across respondents, depending on their socio-demographic profile and the geographical area. A better understanding of the heterogeneity of preferences for ecosystem services is helpful to guide more efficient policy design and to inform policy-makers about the distributional impacts of planned policies for equity considerations in project appraisal.

Rural areas in many peripheral areas of Europe have turned to tourism as an alternative development strategy in the face of changes to the agricultural food production system. Particularly in more remote and less agriculturally viable areas, national and European-level policies have often concentrated on trying to encourage ‘bottom-up’ development revolving around the commodification of local cultural resources or ‘knowledges’. The extent to which this occurs, however, varies between places. The aim in this article is to use case-study evidence from two peripheral rural locations in Europe to explore why these variations occur. It is argued that the extent to which tourism is adopted or rejected by actors within rural places is determined by the unique configurations of historically layered and newer social relations which intersect within and between such places. These configurations shape the contested ways in which local knowledges are valorized and contribute to the existence of multiple senses of place identity. Qualitative methods, it is suggested, can lead to a more nuanced understanding of the complex ways in which such identities are constructed, and, in turn, to a deeper appreciation of the factors which promote or hinder tourism development at the local level.

In the processes of economic and cultural globalization, European integration and the blur of national identities in Europe, place identity emerges as a central concern of both scholars and other people. This paper examines the ways specific aspects of urban morphology such as built heritage and the innovative design of space may contribute to place identity in European cities. First, it develops a theoretical conjecture that in post‐modern multi‐ethnic and multi‐cultural societies, innovative design of space can efficiently work as a place identity generator in the same ways built heritage has been performing in modern—culturally bounded and nation‐state‐oriented—European societies. This conjecture is then tested by research in the city of Bilbao. The outcome of the research supports the argument that innovative design schemes: (1) may permit divergent interpretations by individuals thereby fitting into the ‘diversity’ and ‘individualization’ of new modernity; (2) may synchronize different ethnic/cultural/social groups by offering themselves as a new common terrain for experiencing and familiarizing with new forms of space; (3) by becoming landmarks and promoting tourism/economic development, may generate new social solidarities among inhabitants grounded on ‘civic pride’ and economic prospects.

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But is that necessarily so? Can’t we rethink our sense of place? Is it not possible for a sense of place to be progressive: not self-enclosing and defensive, but outward-looking? A sense of place which is adequate to this era of time-space compression? To begin with, there are some questions to be asked about time-space compression itself. Who is it that experiences it, and how? Do we all benefit and suffer from it in the same way?

Abstract This book analyzes the relationship between the imagination of the global and the ethical commitment to the local in environmentalist thought and writing from the 1960s to the present. Part I critically examines the emphasis on local identities and communities in North American environmentalism by establishing conceptual connections between environmentalism and ecocriticism, on one hand, and theories of globalization, transnationalism, and cosmopolitanism, on the other. It proposes the concept of “eco-cosmopolitanism” as a shorthand for envisioning these connections and the cultural and aesthetic forms into which they translate. Part II focuses on conceptualizations of environmental danger and connects environmentalist and ecocritical thought with the interdisciplinary field of risk theory in the social sciences, arguing that environmental justice theory and ecocriticism stand to benefit from closer consideration of the theories of cosmopolitanism that have arisen in this field from the analysis of transnational communities at risk. Both parts of the book combine in-depth theoretical discussion with detailed analyses of novels, poems, films, computer software, and installation artworks from the United States and abroad that translate new connections between global, national, and local forms of awareness into innovative aesthetic forms combining allegory, epic, and views of the planet as a whole with modernist and postmodernist strategies of fragmentation, montage, collage, and zooming.

The complexities of black geographies—shaped by histories of colonialism, transatlantic slavery, contemporary practices of racism, and resistances to white supremacy—shed light on how slave and post-slave struggles in the Americas form a unique sense of place. Rather than simply identifying black suffering and naming racism (and opposition to it) as the sole conceptual schemas through which to ‘understand’ or ‘know’ blackness or race, it is emphasized that a black sense of place, black histories, and communities are not only integral to production of space, but also that the analytical interconnectedness of race, practices of domination, and geography undoubtedly put pressure on how we presently study and assess racial violence.

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Although sense of place definitions nominally include the physical environment, much research has emphasized the social construction of sense of place and neglect the potentially important contributions of the physical environment to place meanings and attachment. This article presents research that tests several models that integrate (1) characteristics of the environment, (2) human uses of the environment, (3) constructed meanings, and (4) place attachment and satisfaction. The research utilized a mail survey of 1,000 property owners in a lake-rich region (the Northern Highlands Lake District of Northern Wisconsin). Structural equation modeling revealed that the best fit model integrating environmental variables with sense of place was a meaning-mediated model that considered certain landscape attributes (i.e., level of shoreline development) as predictive of certain meanings related to attachment and satisfaction. This research demonstrates that landscape attributes matter a great deal to constructed meanings; these constructions are not exclusively social.

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Given that brand meanings are socially constructed and culturally dependent, we advocate that a destination branding strategy should begin by understanding what constitutes sense of place as experienced by local residents. The constructs of time, ancestry, landscape, and community were identified as determinants for the sense of place by inhabitants of the Chatham Islands of New Zealand. These constructs comprise meanings that influence the habitus and define sense of place. This article contributes to our understanding of place by providing a sense of place model to support scholarship in destination and place branding. Destination branding activity ought to be significantly influenced by an in-depth appreciation of the sense of place for those whose place it is. Our emergent model emphasizes the importance of understanding sense of place and positioning the people of the place at the centre of a branding strategy for the development of an effective destination brand.

Introduction PART 1: WORLD-WIDE WEBS: IMAGINING THE PLANET 1. From the Blue Planet to Google Earth: Environmentalism, Ecocriticism, and the Imagination of the Global 2. Among the Everywheres: Global Crowds and the Networked Planet 3. Adventures in the Global Amazon PART 2: PLANET AT RISK 4. Narrative in the World Risk Society 5. Toxic Bodies, Corporate Poisons: Local Risks and Global Systems 6. Afterglow: Chernobyl and the Everyday Conclusion: Some Like It Hot: Climate Change and Eco-Cosmopolitanism Notes Works Cited

Although environmental education research has embraced the idea of sense of place, it has rarely taken into account environmental psychology-based sense of place literature whose theory and empirical studies can enhance related studies in the education context. This article contributes to research on sense of place in environmental education from an environmental psychology perspective. We review the components of sense of place, including place attachment and place meanings. Then we explore the logic and evidence suggesting a relationship between place attachment, place meanings, pro-environmental behavior, and factors influencing sense of place. Finally, based on this literature we propose that in general environmental education can influence sense of place through a combination of direct place experiences and instruction.

The contemporary challenge of postmodernity draws our attention to the nature of reality and the ways in which experience is constructed. Sensuous Geographies explores our immediate sensuous experience of the world. Touch, smell, hearing and sight - the four senses chiefly relevant to geographical experience - both receive and structure information. The process is mediated by historical, cultural and technological factors. Issues of definition are illustrated through a variety of sensuous geographies. Focusing on postmodern concerns with representation, the book brings insights from individual perceptions and cultural observations to an analysis of the senses, challenging us to reconsider the role of the sensuous as not merely the physical basis of understanding but as an integral part of the cultural definition of geographical knowledge.

Much of what is written about space, place and postmodern times emphasizes a new phase in what Marx once called ‘the annihilation of space by time’. The process is argued, or more usually asserted, to have gained a new momentum, to have reached a new stage. It is a phenomenon which Harvey (1989) has termed ‘time-space compression’. And the general acceptance that something of the sort is going on is marked by the almost obligatory use in the literature of terms and phrases such as speedup, global village, overcoming spatial barriers, the disruption of horizons and so forth.

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Over the past 40 years, the sense of place concept has been well-established across a range of applications and settings; however, most theoretical developments have "privileged the slow." Evidence suggests that place attachments and place meanings are slow to evolve, sometimes not matching material or social reality (lag effects), and also tending to inhibit change. Here, we present some key blind spots in sense of place scholarship and then suggest how a reconsideration of sense of place as "fast" and "slow" could fill them. By this, we mean how direct and immediate perception-action processes presented in affordance theory (resulting in immediately perceived place meanings) can complement slower forms of social construction presented in sense of place scholarship. Key blind spots are that sense of place scholarship: (1) rarely accounts for sensory or immediately perceived meanings; (2) pays little attention to how place meanings are the joint product of attributes of environmental features and the attributes of the individual; and (3) assumes that the relationship between place attachment and behavior is linear and not constituted in dynamic relations among mind, culture, and environment. We show how these blind spots can begin to be addressed by reviewing key insights from affordance theory, and through the presentation of applied examples. We discuss future empirical research directions in terms of: (1) how sense of place is both perceived and socially constructed; (2) whether perceived and socially constructed dimensions of place can relate to one another when perceived meanings become unsituated; and (3) how place attachment may change over different stages of the life course based upon dynamic relationships between processes of perception-action and social construction. We conclude with insights into how processes of perception-action and social construction could be included in the design and management of urban landscapes.

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the meanings recreationists tenting at an agricultural fair associated with the settings in which their fair experience occurred. Using a symbolic interactionist framework, our analysis of data collected through onsite observation and using photo-elicitation guided interviews illustrated that informants' place meanings were the product of interactive processes involving the individual, their social world and the physical setting. These interactions elicited meanings tied to place that were largely independent of the physical attributes that defined the setting. Most significant were specific place experiences shared with family and close friends. The importance attached to these relationships and experiences were embedded in the spatial contexts that encapsulated informants' fair experience. Findings from this investigation shed light on the social construction of place meaning within a built environment.

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Masterson, V. A., R. C. Stedman, J. Enqvist, M. Tengö, M. Giusti, D. Wahl, and U. Svedin. 2017. The contribution of sense of place to social-ecological systems research: a review and research agenda. Ecology and Society 22(1):49. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08872-220149

(2002). Making sense of how festivals demonstrate a community's sense of place. Journal of Sport & Tourism: Vol. 7, Conference Presentation Abstracts, pp. 51-52.

Abstract We teach earth, ecological, and environmental sciences in and about places imbued with meaning by human experience. Scientific understanding is but one of the many types of meanings that can accrue to a given place. People develop emotional attachments to meaningful places. The sense of place , encompassing the meanings and attachments that places hold for people, has been well characterized in environmental psychology. Its components, place attachment and place meaning, can be measured psychometrically. Place‐based science teaching focuses on local and regional environments and synthesizes different ways of knowing them, leveraging the senses of place of students and teachers. Place‐based teaching has been advocated for its relevance and potential to attract underrepresented groups to science. We posit that sense of place is a measurable learning outcome of place‐based science teaching. We developed an Arizona‐based, culturally inclusive, meaning‐rich introductory geology course, and used published surveys to assess place attachment and meaning in students who took the course. We observed significant gains in student place attachment and place meaning, indicating that these instruments are generalizable and sensitive enough for use in this context. Sense of place should be engaged by teachers of place‐based science, and further explored as an assessment measure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 92: 1042–1057, 2008

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This commentary develops in particular from the recent paper on sense of place and authenticity by Ouf (Journal of Urban Design (2001), 6(1), pp. 73-86) and other related contributions. To those points are added an historical dimension and an exploration of the theoretical positions of Christian Norberg-Schulz and M.R.G. Conzen in particular. A wider discussion of 'character' is developed, in relation to sense of place and genius loci , the preferred term here. It is suggested that these complex theoretical concepts have become confused, and that genius loci arises most particularly from the experiences of those using places rather than from deliberate 'place making'. Conservationists and urban designers in particular need to revisit the theoretical underpinnings of the terms and concepts that they employ, in order fully to understand the potential contributions of sense of place, authenticity and character.

ABSTRACT This article presents the findings of an interpretive investigation of the meanings that local community members attribute to the Niobrara National Scenic River in north central Nebraska and their perceptions of the river landscape. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted and analyzed through an iterative qualitative analysis process. A holistic and integrative Web of River Meanings emerged from the analysis. The model provides insight into participants' perceptions of and attitudes toward landscape change, and in particular the highly contentious issue of river development, which proved to be a common theme in the interviews. The study findings expand on current conceptualizations of sense of place and place attachment. The findings also have implications for local planning and management by providing a more sophisticated meanings-based framework for understanding contentious management issues.

J. B. Jackson, a pioneer in the field of landscape studies, here takes us on a tour of American landscapes past and present, showing how our surroundings reflect important changes in our culture. Because we live in urban and industrial environments that are constantly evolving, says Jackson, time and movement are increasingly important to us, place and permanence less so. We no longer gain a feeling of community from where we live or assemble but from common work hours, habits, and customs. Jackson examines the new vernacular landscape of trailers, parking lots, trucks, loading docks, and suburban garages, which all reflect this emphasis of motility and transience; he redefines roads as scenes of work and leisure and social intercourse - as places rather than as means of getting to places; he argues that pubic parks are now primarily for children, older people, and nature lovers, while more mobile or gregarious people seek recreation in shopping malls, in the street, and in sports arenas; he discusses the form and function of dwellings in New Mexico, from prehistoric Pueblo villages to mobile homes; and he criticizes the tendency of some environmentalists to venerate nature instead of interacting with it and learning to share it with others. Written with Jackson's customary lucidity and elegance, this book reveals his passion for vernacular culture, his insights into a style of life that blurs the boundaries between work and leisure, between middle and working classes, and between public and private spaces.

The main concern of this paper is to classify the different methods of measurement of sense of place (which is a very vague concept). The existence and intensity of sense of place is also related to social and cultural variables, such as ethnic and religious background. This paper reviews the different methods of measuring sense of place and classifies them according to different criteria. The study applies a bipolar (positive and negative level of attachment), unidimensional scale which is composed of one component of scaling, using a ‘direct’ technique. The results point to similarities and differences between Israeli-born and immigrant groups. Most of the respondents in both groups had similar patterns of positive feelings towards the place where they live. The differences were smaller than the similarities. The sense of place scale applied in this study has the advantage of being a simple tool that is understandable to all types of respondents.

Part 1 Historical and philosophical background: place exploration - museums and the environment place exploration - museums, identity and community museums, community and the environment - the emergence of the ecomuseum. Part 2 Ecomuseums - an overview: from theory to practice - ecomuseums in Europe ecomuseums in continental Europe ecomuseum potential in Britain crossing the oceans - ecomuseums in North America and Australia ecomuseums in the South. Part 4 Re-evaluating the ecomuseum: the ecomuseum myth?. Appendix - a world list of ecomuseums.

Contents: Preface Introduction, John Eyles and Allison Williams A sense of place, a sense of wellbeing, Lily DeMiglio and Allison Williams Senses of place and emerging social and environmental challenges, Edward Relph Holistic paradigms of health and place: how beneficial are they to environmental policy and practice?, Ingrid Leman Stefanovic Qualitative approaches in the investigation of sense of place and health relations, John Eyles Developing a psychometric scale for measuring sense of place and health: an application of facet design, Allison Williams, Christine Heidebrecht, Lily DeMiglio, John Eyles, David Streiner and Bruce Newbold The experience of displacement on sense of place and well-being, Lynne C. Manzo Place, leisure and well-being, Daniel R. Williams and Michael E. Patterson Sense of place, well-being and migration among young people in Sarajevo, Carles Carreras Sense of place, and quality of life in post-socialist societies, Marko Krevs Environment and health: place, sense of place and weight gain in urban areas, Paula Santana and Helen Nogueira Sense of place, quality of life and (g)local struggles for environmental justice, Michael Buzzelli In search of the place-identity dividend: using heritage landscapes to create place identity, Gregory Ashworth Conclusion, Allison Williams and John Eyles Index.

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List of illustrations Acknowledgements Introductory note 1. The idea of landscape in the eighteenth century 2. The landscape of agricultural improvement 3. The sense of place in the poetry of John Clare Appendix: John Clare and the enclosure of Helpston Notes Bibliography Index.

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Abstract The development of Swiss Alpine landscapes must comply with the needs of different interest groups. We assume that the way people relate to places, and particularly the sense of place they have, is a basis for their needs and aims regarding future landscape development. Conflicts among aims can be better understood if the underlying place relations are known. Therefore, we inductively examined differences between locals' and tourists' sense of place by means of a qualitative interview study in Alvaneu, a Swiss Alpine village. In social science theory, “sense of place” is used as an umbrella concept for manifold people–place relations. The findings reveal that the place characteristics relevant to sense of place are approximately the same for both groups. However, locals and tourists attribute different meanings and significance to these characteristics, and thus have distinct needs regarding landscape development. Consequently, a balance between appropriate economic development desired by locals and the preservation of the cultural characteristics and authenticity sought by tourists must be found when pursuing sustainable landscape development.

A study of the ways in which people feel and think about space, how they form attachments to home, neighborhood, and nation, and how feelings about space and place are affected by the sense of time.Since it is the breadth and universality of his argument that concerns Yi-Fu Tuan, experience is defined as 'all the modes by which a person knows and constructs reality,' and examples are taken with equal ease from non-literate cultures, from ancient and modern oriental and western civilizations, from novels, poetry, anthropology, psychology, and theology. The result is a remarkable synthesis, which reflects well the subtleties of experience and yet avoids the pitfalls of arbitrary classification and facile generalization. For these reasons, and for its general tone and erudition and humanism, this book will surely be one that will endure when the current flurry of academic interest in environmental experience abates. Canadian Geographer

This article draws connections between the environmental and community psychology literature on place attachment and meaning with the theory, research, and practice of community participation and planning. Each area of inquiry has much to offer the other, yet few links have been made between them. Typically, literature on place attachment focuses on individual feelings and experiences and has not placed these bonds in the larger, sociopolitical context in which planners operate. Conversely, the community planning literature emphasizes participation and empowerment, but overlooks emotional connections to place. Yet these attachments can motivate cooperative efforts to improve one’s community. Literature across disciplines is examined and synthesized to develop a framework for understanding the psychological dimensions of people’s interactions with community. An ecological model is then proposed that integrates multiple environmental domains and analysis levels. This model can accommodate place attachments and meaning as well as social and political aspects of community participation.

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1. The Nature and Scope of Environmental Psychology. What is Environmental Psychology? The Roots and Edges of Environmental Psychology. Theories and Approaches in Brief. Research Methods in Environmental Psychology. Environmental Psychology Today. 2. Environmental Perception and Cognition. Environmental Perception. Environmental Cognition. 3. Environmental Attitudes, Appraisals, and Assessments. Environmental Attitudes: Concern for Places. Environmental Appraisals: Personal Impression of Places. Environmental Assessments: Collective Judgments of Places. Two Observer-Based Environmental Assessments. 4. Personality and Environment. Apologia, Background, and Current Situation. Traditional Personality Dimensions. Environmental Personality Dimensions. Some Uses of Personality in Environmental Design. 5. Personal Space. What is Personal Space? Measuring Personal Space. Influences on Personal Space. Personal Space and Human Behavior. Theories of Personal Space. Personal Space and Environmental Design. 6. Territoriality. What is Territoriality? Measuring Territoriality. Influences on Territoriality. Territoriality and Human Behavior. Theories of Territoriality. Territoriality and Environmental Design. 7. Crowding. Crowding, Density, and Population. Influences on Crowding. High Density, Crowding, and Human Behavior. Theories of Crowding. Crowding and Environmental Design. 8. Privacy. What is Privacy? Measuring Privacy. Influences on Privacy. Privacy and Human Behavior. Theories of Privacy. Privacy and Environmental Design. 9. Residential Environmental Psychology. What is Home? An Organizing Framework. Residential Preference, Choice, and Satisfaction. Environment and Behavior in the Residence. Stress and Well-Being in the Residence. Residential Mobility. Residential Environmental Design. 10. Community Environmental Psychology. Life in the City: Great or Awful? What Is a Neighborhood? Neighborhood Satisfaction and Attachment. Community Urbanization and Stress. Anti-Social Behavior in the Community Environment. Helpfulness in the Community Environment. Everyday Behavior in the Community Environment. The Environmental Psychology of Shopping. Community Environmental Design. 11. Educational Environmental Psychology. The Setting as a Whole. Interior Architecture and Design. Noise. Light and Color. Climate. Space. Environmental Competence. Learning and Environmental Design. 12. Workplace Environmental Psychology. Environmental Psychology on the Job. Travel: Getting Away to a New Environment. Work, Travel, and Environmental Design. 13. Natural Environmental Psychology. Extra-Terrestrial and Atmospheric Forces. Nature as a Restorative Agent. Natural (and Technological) Hazards. Nature, Environmental Hazards, and Environmental Design. 14. Managing Limited Resources. Resource Management as a Common Dilemma. What Influences Public Interest Resource Management? Theories of Social Dilemmas. Defection: Short-Term Self-Interest Behavior. Air Pollution: A Social Dilemma. Energy Conservation: A Social Dilemma. Recycling: A Social Dilemma. 15. Designing More Fitting Environments. Social Design. Social Research in the Design Process. Stages in the Design Process. A Selection of Design Programs and Postoccupancy Evaluations. Epilogue: Utopia versus Entopia. Appendix: Publications, Graduate Schools, and Organizations. References. Index. Publications. Graduate Schools. Professional Organizations. Name Index. Subject Index.

Rehabilitation should put greater effort into supporting stroke survivors and their families in home-making and community reintegration processes, and help them to re-own and renegotiate their disabled bodies and changed identities in real life. Implications for Rehabilitation The experienced self-body split, identity confusion and related mourning process should be foregrounded in the post-discharge phase rather than functional recovery, in order to help stroke survivors understand and come to terms with their changed bodies and selves. In the post-discharge and reintegration phases stroke survivors should be coached in rebuilding meaningful relations to their bodies, home and communities again. This home-making process should start at real-life sites where stroke survivors wish to (inter)act.

Environmental psychology examines transactions between individuals and their built and natural environments. This includes investigating behaviors that inhibit or foster sustainable, climate-healthy, and nature-enhancing choices, the antecedents and correlates of those behaviors, and interventions to increase proenvironmental behavior. It also includes transactions in which nature provides restoration or inflicts stress, and transactions that are more mutual, such as the development of place attachment and identity and the impacts on and from important physical settings such as home, workplaces, schools, and public spaces. As people spend more time in virtual environments, online transactions are coming under increasing research attention. Every aspect of human existence occurs in one environment or another, and the transactions with and within them have important consequences both for people and their natural and built worlds. Environmental psychology matters.

Residents’ overall well-being and quality-of-life require a deeper understanding of their perceived social impacts of tourism to determine appropriate management strategies to promote behaviours in support of tourism development. Aligning with the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development, this paper proposes a new framework for residents’ quality-of-life. Bringing together multi-disciplinary evidence from environmental, social and cognitive psychology, political science and tourism, this study critically examines how residents’ perceived social impacts of tourism and their interpersonal trust can make them become more place attached and protect their tourism resources. The framework proposes that residents’ perceived social impacts of tourism exerts a direct influence on residents’ interpersonal trust. It further posits that residents’ perceived social impacts of tourism and their interpersonal trust exert a direct influence on residents’ place attachment. The proposed model further considers place attachment to exert a direct influence on residents’ pro-social and pro-environmental behavioural intentions. Pro-social behaviour is proposed to influence pro-environmental behaviour. Further pro-social and pro-environmental behaviours are proposed to influence residents’ support for tourism development. The framework then considers residents’ support for tourism development to exert a direct influence on residents’ overall quality-of-life. The theoretical contributions, practical implications for sustainable community tourism and sustainable tourism in general and the limitations of the study are discussed.

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PLACE ATTACHMENT: Advances in Theory, Methods and Applications. Edited By Lynne C. Manzo and Patrick Devine-Wright, xii and 217 pp.: diagrs., ills., bibliogs., index. London and New York: Routledge, 2014. $44.95 (paper), ISBN 9780415538213. Geographers borrow extensively from other disciplines and other disciplines borrow on occasion from geography, but this exchange does not mean that geography's cognate disciplines necessarily ask similar questions or speak a familiar language. Place Attachment is a perfect demonstration of the occasionally disconcerting disconnect between geography and its cognate disciplines. Over half of its twenty-eight contributors are trained in social and environmental psychology, while the remainder represents a smattering of other disciplines including geography, sociology, architecture, landscape architecture, and natural resource management. The strongest theoretical current in the book therefore flows from psychology. For this reason, geographers interested in place will find the parameters of the discussion about place attachment to be surprising at times despite a handful of chapters that traverse relatively familiar theoretical terrain. The book consists of fifteen chapters grouped into three sections plus an introduction. The sections quite reasonably consist of Theory, Methods, and Applications. The Theory section is the longest, with six chapters. These address mobility, memory, community and discourse among other topics. The Methods section contains only four chapters and is the weakest owing to length and the fact that two of these chapters address theory as much as methodology. Here is also where the psychological approaches contrast most jarringly with the approaches more familiar to geographers. The Applications section contains five chapters and for many readers it should be the most enticing since its constituent chapters treat questions of environmental change and social contestation, territorial struggle, conflict, displacement, uneven development, disinvestment, and urban planning. The author of the first chapter is none other than David Seamon. Frequently cited in connection with geography's phenomenological response to the quantitative revolution, it is gratifying to see that Seamon's contribution to the scholarly study of place continues. Other than Seamon, geography is represented by one of the book's co-editors, Patrick Devine-Wright, professor of human geography at the University of Exeter. Five other chapters speak to interests of sociology, resource management, and the design professions. A careful read reveals geography's epistemological and methodological kinship to these areas of inquiry. Finally, as indicated above, the majority of the chapters, eight in all, are by authors trained in psychology or psychiatry. Reading these chapters can at times be frustrating, not merely because of the use of unfamiliar vocabulary and concepts, but more crucially because the most pertinent questions may seem narrow and mechanistic in light of three decades of geographical research framing the issue of place more broadly and holistically. The crucial divide is between place as an integrative phenomenon, deeply social and symbolic, best understood through qualitative methods (the perspective taken by geographers inter alia), and place as a particular kind of mental bond determined by functional attributes that can be measured and quantified. The latter, if not the dominant psychological perspective, remains a very attractive model for the social and environmental psychologists. Despite the sense of having strayed into an unfamiliar city with a familiar name, the book reveals the lineaments of geography's view of place from the outside, as it were, by showing what place attachment means to nongeographers. The alternative understanding of the theoretical challenges of studying place attachment suggests just how broad the common ground is for geographical discussions of place. …

Place attachment has become a popular concept in tourism and environmental psychology. However, little research has explored its role in predicting place-related behaviors, compared to alternative place-related constructs such as place satisfaction. This article clarifies the differential impacts of place satisfaction and place attachment on a series of residents’ place-related behaviors (i.e., destination brand-building behaviors), providing empirical evidence from a quantitative survey study. A sample of 358 residents from Sydney, Australia, was included for partial least square (PLS) based structural equation modeling testing. Results of a number of model testing suggest that compared with place satisfaction, dimensions of place attachment affect residents’ destination brand-building behaviors differently in a unique pattern. Place satisfaction strongly predicts residents’ intention to stay or leave, while place attachment more strongly influences residents’ word of mouth, ambassador behavior, and participation in tourism planning for a destination.

Whilst the social work literature rightly pays considerable attention to the importance for children's development and well-being of their attachments to people, there has been virtually no consideration of the role which is also played by their attachments to place. Drawing on research from fields such as human geography and environmental psychology, the significance of children's place attachments for the development of their identity, security and sense of belonging is examined. Evidene is also presented about the shrinking world of childhood, in which children's independent access to their surroundings is becoming ever more restricted as a result of parental fears, and the implications of this trend for the development of children's place attachments. Government policy relevant to these issues, including strategies designed to develop more child-friendly communities, is critically reviewed, together with evidence-based practice recommendations designed to improve the well-being of looked after children by promoting their place attachments.

Abstract This review of environmental psychology looks to the past, present, and future of this growing and important area of psychology. The environment, far from being a silent witness to human actions, is an integral part of the plot. The interdisciplinary origins and applied emphasis of environmental psychology have both conspired to prevent a straightforward and uncontentious definition of the discipline. Recent definitions adopt an inclusive, holistic, and transactional perspective on people‐environment relations. Various theories have been developed in environmental psychology: arousal theory, environmental load, adaptation level theory within a behaviorist and determinist paradigm; control, stress adaptation, behavioral elasticity, cognitive mapping, and environmental evaluation within an interactionist paradigm; and behavior settings, affordance theory, and theories of place, place identity, and place attachment within transactionalism. Environmental psychology deals with people's homes, the workplaces and leisure settings, the visual impact of buildings, the negative effects of cities, the restorative role of nature, and environmental attitudes and sustainable behavior. The issues at the forefront of the political and environmental agenda at the beginning of the twenty‐first century—human rights, well‐being and quality of life, globalization, and sustainability—need to be addressed and tackled by environmental psychologists in a way that incorporates both cross‐cultural and temporal dimensions.

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Urban regeneration within traditional settings has transformed places and constructed meanings embedded in the existing social and cultural settings. Thus, the social and emotional meanings, attached to or evoked by the elements of the urban environment were at least as important, often more so than the structural and the physical aspects of people imagery. This paper reviews the definitions and concept of place in establishing a conceptual framework for urban regeneration in light of the sense of place and environmental psychology (place attachment) principles. The reviews highlight the importance of place-based approach and principles in the era of urban regeneration and its implication on the continuity of place meaning and identity in the Asian context. This paper advocates the importance of the psychological dimension of place in regenerating urban setting for psychological well-being of the inhabitants.

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Today, concepts such as place attachment, sense of place, meaning of place, place identity, has devoted many studies In literature of architecture and urban design particularly in the field of environmental psychology. It is obvious that in all these concepts, various aspects of interaction between human and place and the impact that places have on people has been presented. This paper defines the concepts of sense of place and place attachment and explains the factors that affect them. Sense of place is a comprehensive concept which in it men feels places, percept them and attached meaning to them. Understanding the fundamental aspects of sense of place, can be effective in assess the level of public attachment to place sand tendency of people to places. Place attachment refer to emotional and functional bonds between place and people which Interpreted in different scale from a district to a country in Environmental psychology. In this regard different studies point to varied of spatial and human factors. Review the literature, this paper achieves a comprehensive definition of these concepts and then it try to compare them to find their relationship. What will come eventually is that place attachment is one of the sense of place subsets. Thus in encounter of people and place if assume people sense of place a general feeling to that place, place attachment is a positive emotion which people have about the place.

Abstract Sense of community (SOC) is empirically “unpacked” as a multilevel construct with place and social elements. SOC has been studied primarily at the individual level despite researchers acknowledging its effects at the community level. Little attention has been given to the roles of place and place attitudes in SOC. We argue that place and social are inextricably bound, and studying the impact of the social alone on community‐oriented constructs like SOC constrains our ability to adequately understand such multilevel, multifaceted phenomena. The present, cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses demonstrate that SOC is intimately related to social capital (neighboring, citizen participation, collective efficacy, informal social control), communitarianism, place attachment, community confidence, and community satisfaction. Implications for community and environmental psychology theory are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 563–581, 2007.

Drawing on literature from environmental psychology and urban planning, this study evaluates the relationships between environmental satisfaction, residential satisfaction, and place attachment in the context of both rural and urban areas in China. A field survey was carried out with 490 valid questionnaires collected in rural areas and 420 from urban areas in China. Partial least squares path modeling was applied for testing the relationships between the three main constructs. The results indicate a significant mediating role of residential satisfaction between environmental satisfaction and place attachment, suggesting the importance of residential satisfaction in residents’ attachment-building to place. This study also found significant differences between rural and urban contexts with the mediating effect of residential satisfaction being absent from the rural sample.

Local environmental grassroots activism is robust and globally ubiquitous despite the ebbs and flows of the general environmental movement. In this review we synthesize social movement, environmental politics, and environmental psychology literatures to answer the following questions: How does the environment emerge as a topic for community action and how a particular environmental discourse (preservation, conservation, public health, Deep Ecology, justice, localism and other responses to modernization and development) becomes dominant? How does a community coalesce around the environmental issue and its particular framing? What is the relationship between local and supralocal (regional, national, global) activism? We contrast "Not in My Back Yard" (NIMBY) activism and environmental liberation and discuss the significance of local knowledge and scale, nature as an issue for activism, place attachment and its disruption, and place-based power inequalities. Environmental psychology contributions to established scholarship on environmental activism are proposed: the components of place attachment are conceptualized in novel ways and a continuous dweller and activist place attachment is elaborated.

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This chapter explores current thinking about place attachment in the workplace. Place attachment describes the emotional bond between person and place. In the field of environmental psychology, place attachment has been identified as a significant predictor of an individual’s decision to act in a physical environment. However, the construct of place attachment has received scant attention in extant management literature. However, organisations are often forced to modify their places of work and relocate employees in response to new business strategies. The impact of these changes on people and work are rarely considered. People exhibit varied responses to such changes, with drastic changes requiring careful adjustments to address ‘emotional’ transitions. Can place attachment provide a useful concept for guiding workplace decisions? This chapter seeks to expose the gaps in our understanding of ‘attachment’ as a phenomenon. It recognises possible overlaps in environmental psychology and change management literature, as well as gaps between them, and considers how both fields can contribute to understand the workplace and the workspace.

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The environmental psychology literature is reviewed as it focuses on children's needs and experiences of towns and cities. Children are, we argue, the unacknowledged outsiders in the planning and management of urban areas; yet their enjoyment of and contribution to these areas is ignored at our peril. We discuss the importance of place attachment in the child's developing personal identity; and the rich affordances of towns and cities for the child's well-being and development, alongside an assessment of the evidence about the social and physical dangers that are more frequently stressed in popular discussions: these range from strangers and street crime, to traffic and pollution. Other related topics reviewed include: children's favourite places and their role in the child's self-regulation; the role of exploration of the local area as part of the child's widening social and cognitive world; gender differences in patterns of exploration, and whether these might be changing; and examples of children's involvement at more than a token level in the planning of their communities. The role of children as consumers in the local economy, and their use of public places, malls and plazas, has often been discussed as if they were inevitably socially problematic, and that their presence inevitably led to conflicts with adult users: yet we argue for a view of cityscapes which bring the different strands of society together. We conclude by discussing those Continental European city designs which foster the participation of children in the city's social life.

Studies of place attachment constitute an emerging field of research bridging the disciplines of geography and environmental psychology. The question of how people become attached to places is an issue within the broader theme of how place meanings are created. Place attachment involves complex relationships between humans and their environment, and includes study of the nature of psychological processes, the role of place attributes, and the temporal and spatial structure of people-place interactions. More specifically, forming attachment to places entails creating affective bonds between people and places. However, few studies of place attachment consider how people become attached to leisure environments. Improved knowledge about attachment to leisure settings requires understanding of how place meanings are created. This study explores the concept of place attachment and some of the factors affecting attachment to natural environments among a sample of recreation home owners in the Langmorkje commons in southeast Norway. The effects of sociodemographic characteristics, experience use history, and varying geographic scales on the strength of place attachment are examined.

Human affiliation with nonhuman nature is an important dimension of environmental concern and support for pro-environmental attitudes. A significant theory of human connectedness with nature, the Biophilia Hypothesis, suggests that there exists a genetically based inclination for human affiliation with the biological world. Both support and challenge to the Biophilia Hypothesis are abundant in the literature of environmental psychology. One response that both challenges and builds upon the Biophilia Hypothesis is the Topophilia Hypothesis. The Topophilia Hypothesis has extended the ideas of biophilia to incorporate a broader conception of nonhuman nature and a co-evolutionary theory of genetic response and cultural learning. While the Topophilia Hypothesis is a new idea, it is built upon long-standing scholarship from humanistic geography and theories in human evolution. The Topophilia Hypothesis expands previous theory and provides a multidisciplinary consideration of how biological selection and cultural learning may have interacted during human evolution to promote adaptive mechanisms for human affiliation with nonhuman nature via specific place attachment. Support for this possible co-evolutionary foundation for place-based human affiliation with nonhuman nature is explored from multiple vantage points. We raise the question of whether this affiliation may have implications for multifunctional landscape management. Ultimately, we propose that nurturing potential topophilic tendencies may be a useful method to promote sustainable efforts at the local level with implications for the global.

Scholars from environmental psychology, geography, disaster science, and sociology have recently focused attention on evacuation and relocation behaviors and influencing factors in hazard-threatened areas. However, existing studies are mainly focused on developed countries and the influence of individual characteristics, household characteristics, and the perception of risk of urban households on evacuation and relocation behaviors. Few studies examine developing countries and the influence of farmers’ sense of place in geological hazard-threatened areas. Using statistics of farming households in an area threatened by landslides, this is a pilot study to explore the relationship of sense of place to the relocation willingness of farming households while controlling for other variables. The results show that: (1) Households with higher scores of place identity and place dependence are less willing to relocate, whereas place attachment has no significant relationship to household relocation willingness; (2) Risk perception dimensions, including probability, threat, and controllability have a significant relationship to household relocation willingness, while worry and fear of the unknown have no significant relationship; (3) Household characteristics, including income, whether a household has experienced economic loss from landslides, and social support are significantly correlated with household relocation willingness, while gender, age, experience, distance to hazard sites, size of household, children, older people, and housing material are not. The results for information and education are not robust. This study contributes to the current literature by improving the understanding of the relationship of sense of place to the relocation willingness of farming households in villages threatened by geological disasters in rural China.

Today, concepts such as place attachment, sense of place, meaning of place, place identity, and ... has devoted many studies In literature of architecture and urban design particularly in the field of environmental psychology. It is obvious that in all these concepts, various aspects of interaction between human and place and the impact that places have on people has been presented. This paper defines the concepts of sense of place and place attachment and explains the factors that affect them. Sense of place is a comprehensive concept which in it men feels places, percept them and attached meaning to them. Understanding the fundamental aspects of sense of place, can be effective in assess the level of public attachment to places and tendency of people to places. Place attachment refer to emotional and functional bonds between place and people which Interpreted in different scale from a district to a country in Environmental psychology. In this regard different studies point to varied of spatial and human factors. Review the literature, this paper achieves a comprehensive definition of these concepts and then it try to compare them to find their relationship. What will come eventually is that place attachment is one of the sense of place subsets. Thus in encounter of people and place if assume people sense of place a general feeling to that place, place attachment is a positive emotion which people have about the place.

This article analyzes the phenomenon of place attachment to “home” in two areas of industrial decline: Walker, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (UK), and Highland, Niagara Falls, New York (USA). The research contributes to theoretical and empirical literatures from sociology, anthropology, geography, environmental psychology, and material culture studies on notions of place, community, memory, and home. Despite socioeconomic deprivation and material devastation in areas of industrial decline, houses and neighborhood spaces can become invested with notions of family and community unity, nostalgia for a shared industrial past, and stability amidst socioeconomic change. Place attachment to “home” is particularly painful during times of post-industrial transition: in the case of Walker, people's homes are under threat of demolition with imminent City-Council-led regeneration of the community; and in the case of Highland, houses are located on contaminated and economically unviable land. Drawing in both cases on semi-structured interviews with a range of local people between 2005 and 2007, this article argues that narratives of place attachment—of “devastation but also home”—reveal some of the contradictions and uncertainties of living through difficult processes of social and economic change.

Urban studies focused on spatial transformation processes have paid little attention to the emotional relationships between people and their transformed environments. Given its ambiguous definitions and concepts, this phenomenon has not been properly understood. Environmental psychology has thoroughly studied the individual-environment relationship through the analysis of the emotional attachment to a specific place. The present paper describes three possible approaches used by this discipline to study the 32

Tourism literature pointed out that resident attitude toward tourism is not only affected by what benefits residents can get from tourism development, but also by their place-based identities disregarding the benefits from tourism development. However, few studies have ever empirically explored the nature of the relationships between place identity components and resident attitude toward tourism. This study focuses on discussing the direct and indirect effects of place identity’s four components (i.e., place distinctiveness, continuity, self-esteem, and self-efficacy) and resident attitude toward tourism development. One major contribution of this study is that, based on a modified model, this study detects the significant roles of place-based distinctiveness and continuity in predicting resident attitude toward tourism development, which are mainly carried through place-based self-esteem. Significance and implications of this study are discussed.

Tools from the study of neighborhood effects, place distinction, and regional identity are employed in an ethnography of four small cities with growing populations of lesbian, bisexual, and queer-identified (LBQ) women to explain why orientations to sexual identity are relatively constant within each site, despite informants' within-city demographic heterogeneity, but vary substantially across the sites, despite common place-based attributes. The author introduces the concept of "sexual identity cultures"--and reveals the defining role of cities in shaping their contours. She finds that LBQ numbers and acceptance, place narratives, and newcomers' encounters with local social attributes serve as touchstones. The article looks beyond major categorical differences (e.g., urban/rural) to understand how and why identities evolve and vary and to reveal the fundamental interplay of demographic, cultural, and other city features previously thought isolatable. The findings challenge notions of identity as fixed and emphasize the degree to which self-understanding and group understanding remain collective accomplishments.

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Due to the rapid globalization growth, a tourism environment sets standardization to compete to be more attractive. Hence, it requires the peculiarity of tourism objects which indicates place identity. This research aims to examine distinctiveness as one of place identity principle. It focuses on natural environment in Karo Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia. A mixed-use method was conducted by investigating the variables, i.e. landmark, uniqueness, particular character, and different perception. The result shows that the attractiveness of natural scenery, culture, and traditional buildings embed the distinctivenessprinciplewhile uniqueness and particular character require appropriate strategies in enhancing and supporting natural-based tourism.

In supporting heritage tourism, emotional and psychological reactions between people and the places are required until the sites are no longer a mere identity of the geographical formation. The positive perception of people indicates satisfaction that is strongly influenced by the image of an urban area. The image defines the character of the place (spirit of place). In shaping the image of place, place identity takes a significant role and distinctiveness is one aspect of it that contributes in. This research aims to investigate the distinctiveness aspect and its influences in defining place identity of urban heritage area by using variable, i.e. landmark, uniqueness, particular character, and different perception. It focuses on the historical corridor of Medan City, Indonesia, chosen due to its significant role in the establishment of Medan City in past and the existence of historic buildings. This research combined qualitative and quantitative method through field observation and nine in-depth interviews as well as 360 questionnaires distribution, respectively to examine the perception of residents and visitors. This research contributes in defining place identity that can be used as evaluation and indicator for future planning. It will benefit in securing place identity towards support in urban heritage tourism that improves the quality of life. The result indicates that the existence of heritage buildings as landmark allows someone to have a unique affiliation to the research area. However, the diversity of interesting cultural activity, local product as well public facilities requires more improvement.

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ABSTRACT This paper highlights the relationship between culture and economy by examining the case of Chios mastiha: the meanings attributed to the product, mainly through production and marketing practices, and the images constructed that link it to place, thereby, informing the island's representations of identity. The shifts in power relations, which have occurred historically over the control and management of mastiha are also pointed out. It is demonstrated that in recent years the creation of distinctiveness of product and place in advertising and retailing reflect the power of local agencies to shape current symbolic and economic realities. These realities are explored mainly from the perspective of local economic development and the promotion of the island as a tourist destination.

The notions of resilience that have emerged in developmental psychology and psychiatry in recent years require systematic rethinking to address the distinctive cultures, geographic and social settings, and histories of adversity of indigenous peoples. In Canada, the overriding social realities of indigenous peoples include their historical rootedness to a specific place (with traditional lands, communities, and transactions with the environment) and the profound displacements caused by colonization and subsequent loss of autonomy, political oppression, and bureaucratic control. We report observations from an ongoing collaborative project on resilience in Inuit, Métis, Mi'kmaq, and Mohawk communities that suggests the value of incorporating indigenous constructs in resilience research. These constructs are expressed through specific stories and metaphors grounded in local culture and language; however, they can be framed more generally in terms of processes that include: regulating emotion and supporting adaptation through relational, ecocentric, and cosmocentric concepts of self and personhood; revisioning collective history in ways that valorize collective identity; revitalizing language and culture as resources for narrative self-fashioning, social positioning, and healing; and renewing individual and collective agency through political activism, empowerment, and reconciliation. Each of these sources of resilience can be understood in dynamic terms as emerging from interactions between individuals, their communities, and the larger regional, national, and global systems that locate and sustain indigenous agency and identity. This social-ecological view of resilience has important implications for mental health promotion, policy, and clinical practice.

Contents: T.R. Tyler, R.M. Kramer, O.P. John, Introduction: What Does Studying the Psychology of the Social Self Have to Offer to Psychologists? Part I:Theoretical Perspectives. J.C. Turner, R.S. Onorato, Social Identity, Personality, and the Self-Concept: A Self-Categorization Perspective. B. Simon, A Place in the World: Self and Social Categorization. M.B. Brewer, C.L. Pickett, Distinctiveness Motives as a Source of the Social Self. Part II:The Nature of the Social Self. K. Deaux, A. Reid, K. Mizrahi, D. Cotting, Connecting the Person to the Social: The Functions of Social Identification. B.W. Pelham, J.J. Hetts, Implicit and Explicit Personal and Social Identity: Toward a More Complete Understanding of the Social Self. R.M. Kramer, J. Wei, Social Uncertainty and the Problem of Trust in Social Groups: The Social Self in Doubt. Part III:Social Context and the Social Self. J. Crocker, H. Blanton, Social Inequality and Self-Esteem: The Moderating Effects of Social Comparison, Legitimacy, and Contingencies of Self-Esteem. S.K. Su, C-Y. Chiu, Y-Y. Hong, K. Leung, K. Peng, M.W. Morris, Self-Organization and Social Organization: U.S. and Chinese Constructions. T.R. Tyler, H.J. Smith, Justice, Social Identity, and Group Processes.

There is a lack of theoretical and empirical studies regarding social sustainability. The literature reveals that the “social” was integrated late into debates on sustainable development. This paper aims to fill this gap and proposes a new conceptual framework of social sustainability. We suggest that risk is a constitutive concept of sustainability and that the contemporary conditions of risk resulting primarily from climate change and its ensuing uncertainties pose serious social, spatial, structural, and physical threats to contemporary human societies and their living spaces. Within the framework of sustainability, we propose that social sustainability strives to confront risk while addressing social concerns. Although we agree that without socially oriented practices, efforts to achieve sustainability will be undermined, as too many gaps exist in practice and theory. Thus, we propose a comprehensive Conceptual Framework of Social Sustainability, which is composed of four interrelated concepts of socially oriented practices, where each concept has a distinctive function in the framework and incorporates major social aspects. The concept of Equity encompasses three dimensions: recognition, which “revalues unjustly devalued identities”, redistribution, which suggests that the remedy for injustice is some form of economic restructuring, and parity of participation, which promotes substantive public involvement in the production of space. These efforts may, in turn, reduce alienation and enhance civility and a sense of community and place attachment. The concept of Safety is the ontological foundation of sustainability in general and social sustainability in particular. The concept refers to the right to not only be safe but adopt all measures of adaptation and security to prevent future casualties and physical harm. The concept of Eco-prosumption refers to modes of producing and gaining values in socially and environmentally responsible ways. The concept of Urban Forms represents the physical dimensions of socially desired urban and community physical forms. Eventually, a desired physical form should promote a sense of community, safety, health, and place attachment, among other environmental objectives.

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This collection of extended papers examines the ways in which relations between national, ethnic, religious and gender groups are underpinned by each group's perceptions of their distinctive identities and of the nature of the boundaries which divide them. Questions of frontier and identity are theorised with reference to the Maori, Australian aborigines and Celtic groups. The theoretical arguments and ethnographic perspectives of this book place it at the cutting edge of contemporary anthropological scholarship on identity, with respect to the study of ethnicity, nationalism, localism, gender and indigenous peoples. It will be of value to scholars and students of social and cultural anthropology, human geography and social psychology.

This article aims to elucidate the creative planning of place identity and local distinctiveness in Setu Babakan cultural area, which is moderately influenced by the socio-culture context of Betawinese culture. Setu Babakan is one of the designated areas for Betawi Cultural Center (BCC), which has been developed to represent Betawi societies and be a cultural preservation site for Betawi ethnicity. As the modernization in Jakarta Greater Area is vastly taken place, Betawinese culture is slowly disappearing and being forgotten. Opportunely, the local officers and many stakeholders realized this problem and immediately preserved BCC Setu Babakan through integrated planning and implementation of several public policies. The effort was successfully attracting the general public in the nearby Jakarta Greater area. With social media, the important technology that serves as a mass communication platform, the visitors of BCC Setu Babakan can easily share their reviews and stories about their activities on-site, which helpfully attracts more visitors and keeps the place sustainable. This paper aims to describe the implementation of place identity and local distinctiveness in BCC Setu Babakan; and how current visitors perceived this social media application with User-Generated Content (UGC) and electronic Word-of-Mouth (e-WOM). This research is using a qualitative case study and content analysis as a research method. The results show that BCC Setu Babakan creative planning could encourage visitors to give some reviews and ratings concerning place identity and local distinctiveness, with plenty of reviews on the Google Review platform and fewer numbers on Trip Advisor. This study shows the importance of local identity and distinctiveness for social cohesion and local pride and the significant role of social media endorsement for the site identities through e-WOM and UGC.

This theme issue of Environment and Planning A builds on the analytic framework elaborated by Wacquant in Urban Outcasts (Polity Press, 2008) and on the activities of the Leverhulme Network on Advanced Urban Marginality to synthesize and stimulate inquiries into the triadic nexus of symbolic space, social space, and physical space at the lower end of the urban spectrum. The concept of territorial stigmatization weds with Bourdieu's theory of ‘symbolic power’ Goffman's model of the management of ‘spoiled identity’ to capture how the blemish of place impacts the residents of disparaged districts, the surrounding denizens and commercial operators, street-level public bureaucracies, specialists in cultural production (such as journalists, scholars, and politicians), and state officials and policies. Spatial taint is a novel and distinctive phenomenon that crystallized at century's end along with the dissolution of the neighborhoods of relegation emblematic of the Fordist–Keynesian phase of industrial capitalism. It differs from the traditional topography of disrepute in the industrial city in that it has become autonomized, nationalized and democratized, equated with social disintegration, racialized through selective accentuation, and it elicits revulsion often leading to punitive corrective measures. The sociosymbolic strategies fashioned by the residents of defamed quarters to cope with spatial denigration span a panoply ranging from submission to defiance, and their adoption depends on position and trajectory in social and physical space. Territorial stigmatization is not a static condition or a neutral process, but a consequential and injurious form of action through collective representation fastened on place. By probing how it operates in different urban settings and political formations, the contributors to this issue advance our empirical understanding of the role of symbolic structures in the production of inequality and marginality in the city. They also suggest the need for public policies designed to reduce, not only the burden of material deprivation, but also the press of symbolic domination in the metropolis.

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In a small corner of political science, scholars venture out into the world to talk with “real people” in depth and detail about how they think about political issues of the day. A foundation stone for this work is Robert E. Lane's Political Ideology: Why the American Common Man Believes What He Does (1962). Lane is not exactly a marginal figure—Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Yale, a past president of the American Political Science Association (APSA). The APSA hands out an annual award in his honor for the best book in political psychology. Still, few political scientists have followed his lead. One of the rare exceptions has now fortuitously come to general attention. University of Wisconsin political scientist Katherine J. Cramer has added to her 2004 Talking About Politics another work that draws on the same original method, The Politics of Resentment. The distinctive flavor of both works arises from Cramer's choice to talk to “real people” without interviewing them. Instead of interviewing, she listens in—not quite a fly on the wall, but someone who enters into actual, unprompted discussions with people who gather on their own for coffee and for conversation, a “coffee klatch” as it is known, certainly in German-influenced Wisconsin. Cramer joined these gatherings in diners, cafes, McDonald's, and gas stations. She participated in conversations between 2007 and 2012 with 39 different groups in 23 primarily rural Wisconsin communities, returning to some of them half a dozen times. Her book concerns the uses of community and community identity as the ground for understanding politics. Here, she examines how a sense of place and a sense of identity as a rural person give rise to a particular vision of politics that she names “rural consciousness” and that opens up into a “politics of resentment.”

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Nearly half of the world's eight million Palestinians are registered refugees, having faced partition and exile. Landscape of Hope and Despair examines this refugee experience in Lebanon through the medium of spatial practices and identity, set against the backdrop of prolonged violence. Julie Peteet explores how Palestinians have dealt with their experience as refugees by focusing attention on how a distinctive Palestinian identity has emerged from and been informed by fifty years of refugee history. Concentrating ethnographic scrutiny on a site-specific experience allows the author to shed light on the mutually constitutive character of place and cultural identification. Palestinian refugee camps are contradictory places: sites of grim despair but also of hope and creativity. Within these cramped spaces, refugees have crafted new worlds of meaning and visions of the possible in politics. In the process, their historical predicament was a point of departure for social action and thus became radically transformed. Beginning with the calamity of 1948, Landscape of Hope and Despair traces the dialectic of place and cultural identification through the initial despair of the 1950s and early 1960s to the tumultuous days of the resistance and the violence of the Lebanese civil war and its aftermath. Most significantly, this study invokes space, place, and identity to construct an alternative to the received national narratives of Palestinian society and history. The moving stories told here form a larger picture of these refugees as a people struggling to recreate their sense of place and identity and add meaning to their surroundings through the use of culture and memory.

Today there is a pervasive policy consensus in favour of ‘community management’ approaches to common property resources such as forests and water. This is endorsed and legitimized by theories of collective action which, this article argues, produce distinctively ahistorical and apolitical constructions of ‘locality’, and impose a narrow definition of resources and economic interest. Through an historical and ethnographic exploration of indigenous tank irrigation systems in Tamil Nadu, the article challenges the economic‐institutional modelling of common property systems in terms of sets of rules and co‐operative equilibrium outcomes internally sustained by a structure of incentives. The article argues for a more historically and politically grounded understanding of resources, rights and entitlements and, using Bourdieu's notion of ‘symbolic capital’, argues for a reconception of common property which recognizes symbolic as well as material interests and resources. Tamil tank systems are viewed not only as sources of irrigation water, but as forming part of a village ‘public domain’ through which social relations are articulated, reproduced and challenged. But the symbolic ‘production of locality’ to which water systems contribute is also shaped by local ecology. The paper examines the historical and cultural production of two distinctive ‘cultural ecologies’. This serves to illustrate the fusion of ecology and social identity, place and person, in local conceptions, and to challenge a currently influential thesis on the ecological‐economic determinants of collective action. In short, development discourse and local actors are seen to have very different methods and purposes in the ‘production of locality’. Finally, the article points to some practical implications of this for strategies of ‘local institutional development’ in irrigation.

‘Space’ is very much on the agenda these days. On the one hand, from a wide variety of sources come proclamations of the significance of the spatial in these times: ‘It is space not time that hides consequences from us’ (Berger); ‘The difference that space makes’ (Sayer); ‘That new spatiality implicit in the postmodern’ (Jameson); ‘It is space rather than time which is the distinctively significant dimension of contemporary capitalism’ (Urry); and ‘All the social sciences must make room for an increasingly geographical conception of mankind’ (Braudel). Even Foucault is now increasingly cited for his occasional reflections on the importance of the spatial. His 1967 Berlin lectures contain the unequivocal: ‘The anxiety of our era has to do fundamentally with space, no doubt a great deal more than with time.’ In other contexts the importance of the spatial, and of associated concepts, is more metaphorical. In debates around identity the terminology of space, location, positionality and place figures prominently. Homi Bhabha, in discussions of cultural identity, argues for a notion of a ‘third space’. Jameson, faced with what he 270sees as the global confusions of postmodern times, ‘the disorientation of saturated space’, calls for an exercise in ‘cognitive mapping’. and Laclau, in his own very different reflections on the ‘new revolution of our time’, uses the terms ‘temporal’ and ‘spatial’ as the major differentiators between ways of conceptualizing systems of social relations.

Abstract Plants are a valuable indicator for aesthetic-visual probity in order to manifest the type and degree of the human-nature relationship over time. The study aims to identify the distinctiveness of plant characteristics in order to reinforce townscape elements in establishing the place identity for the case study of the Royal Town of Kuala Kangsar, Perak. The study methodology involved a semi-structured interview, with purposive sampling in three categories, which is professionals, policymaker, and skilled practitioner. The results show that there is a significance between the royal plants and the distinctiveness of traditional plants which are intended to be the townscape element’s identity of the royal town of Kuala Kangsar, Perak. The findings of the study are expected to assist the city council in their town planning by proposing the plants’ character images or the identity of the royal town of Kuala Kangsar. Besides, the findings could apply a guideline for future developments in the Royal Town of Kuala Kangsar, Perak.

A place can be easily recognized by the presence of distinctive landmarks. The image of a place can be seen in the presence of landmarks. Religious tourism destinations can become landmarks if there are peculiarities in the destination, especially having unique religious buildings, attractive visuals, easy to see, easy to identify, contrasting with the environment, and easy to access by tourists. This study aims to examine these four landmark elements in religious tourism in the Langkat regency. This study aims to examine four elements of landmarks in religious tourism in the Langkat Regency. This research uses mixed- methods by conducting observations to collect qualitative data and conducting interviews and distributing questionnaires to collect quantitative data. The results showed that religious tourism as a landmark that is easy to see, easy to identify, contrasts with the environment, and easy to reach in Langkat Regency can give a good impression to the local community.