静脉园区建设规模扩大、垃圾分类多元化处理、多设施园区运行效能评估、垃圾循环利用减排路径及长江流域园区分类优化

本文从经济发展、空间布局、产业特点、基础设施、用水排水、经济环境绩效等方面对长江经济带工业园区的发展进行了分析，基于此识别出园区绿色发展面临的挑战，并提出了园区深化绿色发展的建议。工业园区是长江流域承载制造业集聚的重要产业空间，是实施制造强国战略的主阵地，对沿江各省工业贡献大多超过50%，经济增长主力军和经济稳定压舱石作用显著，因此必须坚持工业园区作为制造强国战略主阵地不动摇。长江沿江工业集聚、园区密布，资源能源消耗及污染物排放量大。园区相关的生态环境问题突出表现为：部分地区的园区生态文明和绿色发展意识尚待提高，创新发展能力亟待强化；沿江工业园区布局及产业结构仍需深入优化，部分园区管理粗放，园区间绿色发展不平衡不充分明显；园区碳排放高，能源基础设施“大少小多”特征锁定碳排放；园区尚未有效控制用水总量及有毒有害污染物削减，水量水质水安全等问题尚未根本性解决。为此，建议从三个方面着力推进沿江园区创新绿色转型，打造长江生态文明建设新高地：一是加强顶层设计，上下游一体推进工业园区绿色发展，建立工业园区绿色发展报告制度；二是综合运用节约、提效、开源等措施深化园区绿色低碳转型，实施能源环境基础设施绿色化、低碳化改造，构建能源基础设施 and 环境基础设施间能源– 水产业共生体系，建设全生命周期绿色低碳园区；三是精准科学治污，从全过程推进园区水污染防治、水生态环境保护和可持续水管理，促进化工围江迈向人水和谐。

长江宜宾段工业园区中分布着众多化工企业，对周边流域生态环境具有潜在风险。选择环境风险源、管控机制、风险受体3个准则层，包括行业类型、园区企业生产工艺、环境管理体系、环境风险管理体系、受纳水体环境等13个指标层建立评估模型体系；采用层次分析法(AHP)评估了宜宾市6家工业园区(A~F)的环境风险评。结果表明，6家工业园区准则层权重总占比表现为环境风险源(69.939)>环境风险受体(38.076)>风险管控机制(33.420)，各园区环境风险综合值表现为B园区(19.147)<D园区(19.265)<A园区(22.237)<C园区(23.646) <F园区(25.838)<E园区(30.321)，各工业园区均属于中等环境风险。

黄河流域分布有大量煤化工、石化、有色冶炼等资源型园区，为科学刻画黄河流域资源型园区水资源效率，并探究其提升潜力，选取2014—2023年典型园区面板数据，通过考虑非期望产出的超效率EBM模型评估园区水资源静态效率，基于评估结果开展水资源效率现状、水污染物冗余及水资源效率Dagum基尼系数分析，并采用全要素生产率（ML）指数动态评估水资源效率变化状况，预测多元情景下2024—2030年园区水资源效率。结果表明：1）研究期内，黄河流域资源型园区水资源效率整体呈增长态势，均值为0.796，尚未达到有效（效率值≥1）状态；水污染物空间冗余水平差距大，山西园区COD、氨氮冗余水平最高，分别为41.95%、43.74%，河南园区挥发酚冗余高达88.09%，相关园区水污染物治理措施力度亟待加强；水资源效率的Dagum基尼系数整体下降，水资源效率空间差距逐渐缩小。2）水资源效率ML指数逐年提升，技术进步与纯技术效率对水资源效率提升具有驱动效应，二者对水资源效率提升的贡献率均为5%，规模效率对水资源效率的提升具有抑制作用。3）多元情景预测显示，2024—2030年黄河流域资源型园区水资源效率保持动态增长，基准、进阶、强化情景下水资源效率均值分别达0.87、0.89、0.92，不同园区水资源效率增长速度存在差异。为进一步提高园区水资源效率，各园区应因地制宜进行资源配置，制定差异化、精准化的水资源利用规划和管理政策。

将物质流和能量流分析方法运用在工业园区循环经济发展评价中,构建了工业园区循环经济发展评价指标,并以江阴高新技术产业开发区为研究对象,分析各产业的物质流和能量流情况,对园区循环经济进行初步评价,从而提出循环化改造有效路径。结果表明:园区能源产出率为3.02万元/t(以标准煤当量计),水资源产出率为1 257元/m 3 ,土地产出率为11.75亿元/km 2 ,投入产出率较低;工业固体废物综合利用率为88.59%,资源能源综合利用率不高;循环经济产业链关联度为87.4%,但产业发展不均衡,污染集中防治水平有待提高。从优化产业结构、完善循环经济产业链、推进资源能源高效利用、推进环境综合整治4个方面提出研究区域的循环化改造有效路径,以提升园区经济、资源和环境效益。

在中国碳达峰、碳中和背景下，城市生活垃圾处理面临低碳减排的新挑战。文章提出在垃圾分类模式下，依托静脉产业园建设，通过各固废单元的协同处理，实现物质和能量双循环，减碳效益显著。结果表明：2020年全国城市生活垃圾的焚烧和填埋处理共减少518万吨CO 2 ；同年，若湿垃圾在静脉产业园协同处理，比单独处理减少1 500万吨CO 2 。垃圾焚烧发电厂作为静脉产业园核心项目，采用炉排大型化、高参数设计、热电联产等技术全年可减少90万—500万吨CO 2 。建议多源城市固废采用静脉产业园模式进行协同处置，实现减碳效益最大化。同时，响应国家“一带一路”倡议，推荐应用在东南亚等地区的发展中国家，为全球固废处理的碳减排贡献中国方案。

… Venous industrial parks, which convert waste into resources … venous park and its major industries (secondary lead, recycled plastics, secondary aluminum/copper, and a non-venous …

While driving the regional economy, industrial parks also pose great threats to natural environment due to large quantities of resource consumption and intensive pollutants emissions. Eco-industrial development, including cleaner production, bioproducts or waste interchange, and infrastructure sharing, is key to improving the parks' environmental quality and sustainability. However, how to measure the performance of eco-industrial development is an essential and hard work since the material and energy flows are complex and cannot be compared in various units. The water and non-renewable resources which are very vital materials to sustain industrial activities in the industrial parks were rarely considered in the previous traditional ecological footprint analysis. Therefore, our research depicts a real picture of all the resources including water and non-renewable resources to illustrate the actual environmental impact of a national high technology industrial development zone-Jiangyin high technology Park, using energy based ecological footprint method. Results show that the emergy-ecological footprint deficit and emergy-ecological footprint intensity of the study park decreased by 16.75% and 16.74% due to the implementation of eco-industrial development. In detail, minerals made the largest reduction, 2.00E + 2 ha/capita, followed by fossil fuels with a reduction of 1.01E + 2 ha/capita, and the resources from cropland and pasture did not make a contribution in reducing emergy ecological footprint. Policy implications such as further replenishing and improving the ecological industry chains are proposed based on this survey. This study provides a basis to improve the environmental management and performance of industrial parks.

… Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) cultivate symbiotic relationships … to transform the conventional industrial complexes into EIPs … expansion of symbioses in the industrial complexes. Based on …

… desulfurization in the park is difficult, and this problem has … standard, and the stabilization efficiency reached 100%, 100%… PBD-A), the stabilization efficiency of Pb was improved by 13% …

… to those parks with multiple industrial sectors. The venous industrial park specifically refers … level, it contains 4 categories of indicators, ie efficiency of resource output, efficiency of …

Abstract A circular economy is a trendy word, which encompasses reaching of closed-loop in all industries. This also applies to the waste management sector, where new regulations and directives have been issued. Given milestones, however, do not have to correspond with economic or even environmental sustainability. Thus, it is more than necessary to evaluate waste management system using these criteria and present supportive or contradictory statements. An approach for such a complex assessment is proposed. It uses mathematical programming models and multi-objective strategy to suggest a suitable number and locations for waste treatment and pre-treatment facilities. Only main fractions of municipal solid waste are considered – plastic, paper, glass and mixed municipal waste. The environmental part covers the production of greenhouse gases respecting all processes in the system, excluding transportation. Based on comprehensive research, non-linear dependencies were estimated for costs and sorting efficiencies. The mathematical model uses an iterative procedure to avoid non-linearity. Afterwards, the case study of Czech treatment infrastructure is designed. The approa ch resulted in the establishment of 14, and 42 sorting lines for plastics and paper, respectively, supported by 20 Waste-to-Energy plants with different capacity. An interesting output says that in an optimal situation, out of total sorted plastics and paper, only 25 % and 79 % will be recycled, while the remaining amount ends up in Waste-to-Energy plant. Further research will include additional fractions, such as bio-waste, oils or textile, as it is being collected these days separately. Other directions involve new targets from the real-operated sorting lines and new conditions related to investment for more fractions treated at a single site.

Low-carbon emissions are a major research focus to solve the problem of global warming and an important area that China needs to focus on to achieve high-quality development. Construction land scale is a non-negligible factor affecting carbon emissions. However, carbon emission impacts of county-scale spatial heterogeneity in construction land scale are under addressed in contemporary research. To address this gap, this paper took 1042 counties in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) and developed datasets of the influencing factors including the construction land scale, GDP, secondary industry output proportion in GDP, residential population, and fixed asset investment. After comparing the ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, we applied GWR for more in-depth analyses. The global regression model results showed that the effect of the scale of construction land on carbon emissions was exceedingly significant and that the directions of the impacts coincided with the predictions. Further, local regression model results showed that construction land scale had significant spatial heterogeneity in the impact on carbon emissions and most counties (69.58%) showed significant positive correlations. The counties with significant construction land scale impacts on carbon emissions were concentrated and contiguous in spatial distribution and spatially clustered areas varied, with the clearest impact in the downstream region. The findings help to further identify the spatial heterogeneity of construction land scale impacts on carbon emissions, which provides evidence-based and theoretical support for policymakers to develop spatially differentiated emission reduction measures.

… mechanism of multi-facility within UUS to integrate the external risk assessment framework … Our analyses indicate that ‘Recovery capability’ was the priority in all evaluation indicators. …

为更好地分析规划环评的有效性，以26个产业园区规划环评为例，基于4个维度构建指标体系，分析产业园区规划环评执行取得的实质性成效和不足。结果显示，产业园区规划环评在落实总量控制 and 绩效要求、落实产业准入限制、保护和避让环境敏感区域等方面实质性成效显著，但在推动配套污水处理设施完备、协调人居环境安全风险、清洁生产和循环经济水平提升等方面仍有提升空间。不同园区级别上，国家级产业园区规划环评执行成效优于省级及以下园区；不同规划环评审查时期上，随着国家进一步加强产业园区规划环评工作指导和推动改革取得成效，“十三五”以来通过生态环境主管部门审查的产业园区规划环评取得实质性成效优于“十三五”之前。不同地区上，东部地区更加重视规划环评源头预防对高质量发展的引领作用，落实规划环评意见执行力较中西部地区强。基于问题导向，提出加强产业园区环境管理、加强规划环评跟踪监管以及推动多部门共同参与规划环评编制和落实等方面建议。

作为加强产业园区污染防控和环境管理的重要抓手，规划环评制度给出了源头控制污染的最优解，但也面临执行率低的问题，难以有效发挥其刚性约束作用。通过对全国586个国家级产业园区规划环评成果进行调研，系统总结产业园区规划环评制度在健全环境管理体系、优化园区规模和布局、推动产业升级以及污染防治和生态环境保护等方面取得的成效，全面梳理规划环评工作开展过程中面临的实际问题，深入分析规划环评审查主体混乱、缺乏动态有效管理的根本原因。结合当前规划环评面临的形势和要求，提出加强顶层设计、明确审查主体、分类推进规划环评落实、利用数控平台强化有效监管等对策建议，切实提升产业园区规划环评效力。

“十四五”时期，在新阶段、新征程、新起点上发展战略性新兴产业，要发挥其对经济社会转型的支撑性和保障性作用，对创新驱动发展的先导性和引领性作用，以及对扩大就业创业的关联性和带动性作用，从而全面提高我国产业竞争水平、综合经济实力和国际分工地位。文章深入研判了战略性新兴产业发展规律和未来成长趋势，重点阐述了产业创新发展、产业数字转型、产业基础能力、产业服务体系、产业政策研究、产业国际竞争6个方面问题。

垃圾分类是现代城市管理工作的重要内容，也是城市治理的难点问题。从我国的垃圾分类历史进程角度出发，分析垃圾治理难题产生的社会、经济及体制原因，考察当前我国各地实行垃圾分类政策的不同模式，剖析垃圾分类存在的三大行动困境及系统性失灵，在对垃圾属性重新认识的基础上，提出垃圾治理的制度-经济-技术叠加逻辑，基于系统思维推动垃圾管理向垃圾治理转变，构建现代化垃圾治理政策体系。

废弃物循环利用是我国可持续发展的重要组成部分，是国家发展规划的重要战略任务之一。本文梳理了我国废弃物循环利用的主要成效与未来发展趋势，辨识了废弃物循环与减污降碳协同潜力未充分发挥、技术创新和研发力度不足、可持续商业模式缺乏、标准认证体系不规范、现有法律法规和标准体系建设协同性不足等问题。在此基础上，针对新能源固废、废弃高分子材料、工业固废跨产业协同、城市多源废弃物耦合4个废弃物循环利用的重点领域，从源头建立绿色生产和设计体系、优化回收过程网络、促进废弃物产品再利用和服务创新3个角度，进一步提出了各重点领域全过程的废弃物循环利用体系建设路径与主要任务。为推动我国废弃物循环利用体系的高质量建设，本文从循环与减污降碳协同增效、重大技术研发与产业化、激发再生产品的提质升级与规模化应用、助力废弃物循环利用的智能化精细化管控、加强要素保障等方面提出了发展建议。

以长江流域典型城市为研究对象，估算长江干流、主要支流和通江湖城市COD、氨氮、TN和TP污染排放负荷，梳理典型城市水环境质量、水生态、水资源和水安全特征。结果表明，长江流域内56个城市COD、氨氮、TN、TP的排放量分别为193.78万、15.57万、31.01万和2.18万t/a，流域内大部分城市主要污染源为城市生活源，但工业源和城市面源不容忽视。近年来，流域内城市面源排放负荷占比升高，部分城市水生态系统遭到破坏，存在水质型和资源型缺水、水资源开发利用不合理、非常规水利用率低等问题，导致部分城市仍存在水生态环境安全风险。在此基础上提出了流域内城市“十四五”时期水生态环境综合整治对策建议。

流域系统是由自然—经济—社会组成的有机体。促进流域系统协同共生发展,是新时代流域生态文明建设的现实途径。近年来,我国将长江流域列为全国七大江河流域开展协同治理的先行样本,长江流域治理的纵向责任分担机制日渐明晰,流域经济与环境协同的绿色增长引领作用明显增强,流域绿色福利供给的社会成本共担机制基本形成。然而,从流域系统协同共生发展的要求看,存在着省（部）际横向协同联动力度不足、基于市场手段的协同政策工具效果不佳以及流域系统多元共生界面规划协调性差等突出问题。为此,要建立流域省（部）际有效协同的组织载体,优化流域经济与环境协同的政策工具,提升流域国土空间规划的管控能力。