中国专门矫治教育制度

专门学校学生普遍存在复杂的心理行为问题，传统管理模式难以触及根源。本研究构建了一套整合性心理疗愈矫治体系，通过“评估-疗愈-赋能-回归”四阶段，系统性地对学生进行干预。实践表明，该体系能有效改善学生心理状态，情绪问题缓解率超45%，行为问题改善比例约38%，社会适应能力显著提升。研究同时反思了专业人才短缺、方法适配性及协同育人机制等挑战，并提出了针对性改进建议，以期为构建中国特色专门学校矫治教育模式提供理论参考与实践范式。

2020年修订的《预防未成年人犯罪法》在面对未成年人犯罪低龄化、团伙化以及刑事制裁不到位等现实困境下，明确提出建立专门学校，对具有严重不良行为的未成年人实施专门教育。专门教育制度的设置在实体司法处遇上为中国的涉罪未成年人矫治开启了新篇章，但是实务中仍存在司法机关对于罪错未成年人的安置不到位、缺乏考核评估办法、缺乏成熟的矫治方法等一系列发展难点；这些难题的核心在于专门学校制度定位缺乏理论支撑。故在我国，应着眼于专门学校发展过程中的现实困境，探究其问题解决的关键点即专门学校的办学定位以及专门矫治教育的性质定位；并从保护处分的视角出发为专门学校特殊定位下的重构提供理论支撑以及更为科学化、社会化的建构路径。

目的：探讨童年期创伤、家庭资源、感觉寻求对专门学校学生攻击行为的影响及其作用机制。方法：采用童年期创伤量表、儿童青少年发展资源评估量表、感觉寻求问卷和攻击行为问卷对专门学校学生进行测量。结果：童年期创伤、家庭资源、感觉寻求与攻击行为存在显著的两两相关；家庭资源和感觉寻求在童年期创伤与攻击行为之间的中介效应显著，并且家庭资源—感觉寻求的链式中介作用也显著。结论：专门学校学生童年期创伤既可以分别通过家庭资源与感觉寻求的中介作用预测攻击行为，也可以通过家庭资源和感觉寻求的链式中介作用预测攻击行为。

Special correctional education, as a unique disposition measure for delinquent behaviour, has independent attributes that distinguish it from special education as a "punitive measure with protective purpose." The newly revised "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency" does not clearly distinguish between "delinquent behaviour" and "public order offenses" and fails to reflect the requirements of hierarchical prevention. To promote the improvement of special correctional education, it is necessary to establish a classification system for its application criteria, build independently designated schools, design diverse and dynamic disposition measures, improve the decision rules for measure application, and construct comprehensive correctional content to shape the operation of special correctional education for delinquent minors. This will address the practical dilemma of releasing delinquent youth without appropriate follow-up measures and achieve the goals of rehabilitating delinquent minors, reinstating the rights of victims, and restoring social order.

For the education and correction of juvenile delinquents, the provisions in the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency are too broad, lack correct theoretical guidance and specific rule design, resulting in conflicts between administrative power and judicial power in special correctional education in practice, infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of minors. In terms of decision-making procedures, it is clarified that the people's courts are the decision-making organs specializing in correctional education; in the relief procedures, the obligation of participating organs to inform is strictly implemented, and a hearing system is added to protect minors' right to participate; and two-way reversal mechanisms between different handling measures are set up in enforcement procedures. the obligation to inform the participating organs is strictly enforced, and the hearing system is added to protect minors' right to participate; and in the enforcement procedures, a two-way reversal mechanism between different punishment measures is set up.

The phenomenon of delinquency among young people is one that is pervasive in the culture of today. Criminal laws in many countries frequently adopt unique procedures that are separate from those that are used to deal with adult delinquency when dealing with juveniles. These strategies are employed to deal with juveniles. It is because of the distinct psychological, physiological, and socialization levels that are linked with juveniles that this is the case. Not only does this unique scenario serve as an illustration of the humanitarian principles of criminal law, but it also serves as an illustration of the fundamental value orientation of giving precedence to the preservation and correction of the rights of children. In the framework of China’s criminal law, the objective of this article is to analyze the legal underpinnings that underpin the specialized treatment of juvenile delinquency, as well as its institutional practice and process of optimization. Specifically, the study will focus on the treatment of juveniles who have committed crimes.

… interview data from 383 delinquent adolescents in two … , severity, and persistence of delinquent behaviors, with a particular … delinquency in a non-Western context of the Global South. …

Background Deviant peer affiliation is considered a potential risk factor for adolescent delinquency. Due to the serious situation of adolescent delinquency in China, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms by which adolescents associate with deviant peers. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and deviant peer affiliation, the mediating effect of relative deprivation, and the moderating effect of age in a sample of Chinese delinquent adolescents. Methods Five hundred and forty-two Special School students aged 11–18 years were interviewed and completed questionnaires, including demographics, adverse childhood experiences, deviant peer affiliation, and relative deprivation. Results (1) After controlling for gender, adverse childhood experiences and deviant peer affiliation were significantly and positively associated among delinquent adolescents. (2) The effect of ACEs on deviant peer affiliation was mediated by relative deprivation. (3) Age played a moderating role not only in the relationship between ACEs and relative deprivation, but also in the indirect relationship in which ACEs influence deviant peer affiliation through relative deprivation; specifically, the indirect effect of ACEs influencing deviant peer affiliation through relative deprivation was stronger in early adolescence compared with late adolescence. Conclusion Overall, early ACEs play an important role in deviant peer affiliation among delinquent adolescents and relative deprivation is an important mediating variable. The results of the present study emphasize the importance of cognitive interventions for delinquent adolescents who experience ACEs in early adolescence, which may be instructive for the prevention of adolescent delinquency.

… assessment and grants approval, directly decide to send those minors to a special school. … only be utilized as a means of last resort’ for juvenile delinquency. Any criminalization toward …