山药和穿山龙的化学成分

Abstract China is an important domestication center of yams, and two main yam species of Dioscorea opposita and D. alata are commonly cultivated in China. However, the differences of nutritional and medicinal characteristics between the two species and their subgroups remain unclear, which would greatly affect the resource conservation and commercial utilization of yams. In this study, typical yam resources including the species of D. opposita (wild and cultivated Ruichang yam from southern China, and Tiegun yam from northern China) and two landraces of D. alata (Longyan yam and Anyuan yam from southern China) were selected as materials. Nutritional traits and medicinal characteristics were determined and analyzed respectively. The results showed that there was no significant differences in the content of most nutrients between D. opposita and D. alata, but most cultivated Ruichang yam of D. opposita showed higher levels of starch, soluble sugar, sucrose, and ascorbate in tuber than that in yam from D. alata. Moreover, an UPLC-MS method was developed for identification and determination of medicinal characteristics in the two species. The results showed that allantoin can be detected in all selected samples. Cultivated Ruichang yam of D. opposita possessed the highest allantoin content among the tested materials, and was significantly different with that in Tiegun yam and D. alata. Dioscin was not detected in D. alata. Overall, there was little difference in nutritional composition between D. opposita and D. alata, but the medicinal quality of D. opposita was better than that of D. alata. Due to the outstanding comprehensive quality, the local variety of cultivated Ruichang yam can be further developed and utilized.

ABSTRACT Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese yam) (DO) and Dioscorea hamiltonii (DH) are the plants of the genus Dioscorea and they are used as health food and traditional Chinese medicine. In order to development of the available DO and DH source, a comparative study of principal components and activities were carried on. DO and DH was qualitatively and quantitively profiled, and we comparatively evaluated their antioxidant (reducing power assay), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced ear oedema test) and nonspecific immune regulating (carbon clearance test) activities. The 42 and 38 compounds were detected from DO and DH by the method UPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS, respectively, as well as 14 compounds are quantified by HPLC and the methodology was examined. This is the first study of the composition and activities of DH, it also indicates that DO and DH consumption would be beneficial to the health. They may be useful in the production of functional food containing an efficacious dose.

Objective: Systematic analysis and identification of chemical constituents of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tiegun peel, and exploration of its medicinal and nutritional value. Methods: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS) was performed to analyze the chemical compositions of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tiegun peel. The compounds were identified based on their primary and secondary mass spectrometry information and compared with the related references and databases. Further, bioinformatics was applied to predict the targets of potential active ingredients, enrich Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, screen out the important targets, and explore its potential mechanism. Results: 33 compounds were identified such as apigenin, acacetin, liquiritigenin, batatasin I, which were considered to be the potentially vital compounds. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tiegun peel exerted medicinal effects by regulating cell signaling pathways, cancer, metabolic and other disease-related pathways. Conclusion: In this study, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS combined with bioinformatics were used, which would provide an important reference for the identification of ingredients, selection of active compounds, discovery of potential medicinal nutritional value, as well as further development and utilization of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tiegun peel.

Dioscorea nipponica Makino is a perennial twining herbs belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae, which is mainly distributed in the northeastern, northern, eastern and central regions of China. Traditionally, the rhizome of this herb has been commonly used by Miao and Meng ethnic groups of China to treat rheumatoid arthritis, pain in the legs and lumbar area, Kashin Beck disease, bruises, sprains, chronic bronchitis, cough and asthma. Modern pharmacological studies have discovered that this herb possesses anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diuretic, analgesic, anti-tussive, panting-calming and phlegm-dispelling activities, along with enhancing immune function and improving cardiovascular health. In recent years, both fat-soluble and water-soluble steroidal saponins were isolated from the rhizomes of D. nipponica using silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography methods. Saponin and sapogenins are mainly responsible for most of the pharmacological effects of this plant. Further, the chemical components of the aboveground parts contain more than 10 kinds of phenanthrene derivatives. The present review summarizes the knowledge concerning the geographical distribution, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, toxicology studies and clinical applications of D. nipponica.

To prevent confusing Dioscorea nipponica (DN), an Oriental medicine, with Dioscorea quinquelobata (DQ) and Dioscorea septemloba (DS), a simple and accurate quantitative analysis method using HPLC combined with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed and verified with UPLC-QTOF/MS through identification of five saponin glycosides: protodioscin (1), protogracillin (2), pseudoprotodioscin (3), dioscin (4), and gracillin (5). The newly developed analysis method showed sufficient reproducibility (<1.91%) and accuracy (92.1%–102.6%) and was able to identify DN based on the presence of compound 3 (13.821 ± 0.037 mg/mL) and the absence of 5. Compound 1, which is present in DN at a relatively high level (159.983 ± 0.064 mg/mL), was also an important marker for identification. Among the three species, DN showed the strongest activation of apoptotic signaling in osteosarcoma cells, while the four compounds detected in DN showed IC50 values of 6.43 (1), 10.61 (2), 10.48 (3), and 6.90 (4). In conclusion, the strong inhibitory effect of DN against osteosarcoma was confirmed to be associated with 1 and 4, which is also related to the quantitative results. Therefore, the results of this study might provide important information for quality control related to Oriental medicine.

The rhizome of Dioscorea nipponica Makino (RDN) is a widely used herbal medicine, which has significant anti-inflammatory activities on various inflammatory diseases. However, the bioactive compositions responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of RDN are still unknown. This study aimed to identify the anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds in RDN using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q/TOF-MS), quantitative analysis of multiple components by single marker (QAMS) and chemometric methods. Firstly, an HPLC-Q/TOF-MS method was employed for identification of bioactive steroidal saponins in RND, and a total of twelve steroid saponins were identified. Then, QAMS method was employed to determine the contents of seven bioactive steroidal saponins, including protodioscin, protogracillin, methyl protodioscin, pseudoprotodioscin, pseudoprogracillin, dioscin and gracillin in RND samples using dioscin as the reference analyte. The anti-inflammatory effects of RDN samples were then evaluated by inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, chemometric methods, including Pearson correlation analysis and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were employed to investigate the correlations between chemical components and anti-inflammatory activities, and explore the potential anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds of RDN. The results indicated that protodioscin, dioscin and gracillin were selected as the major anti-inflammatory compounds in RND. The further verification experiments showed that protodioscin, dioscin and gracillin exhibited great inhibition on NO production with IC50 values (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) of 0.712 μM, 0.469 μM and 0.815 μM, respectively. They also significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The present study provided evidences for the anti-inflammatory activity of RND and identification of the anti-inflammatory components in RDN.

… bioactive components from the rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica and to evaluate their anti-… The phytochemical investigation of 50% EtOH extract of Dioscorea nipponica using …

This study reported the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from Dioscorea nipponica Makino, a plant used in traditional medicine for various ailments. Nine compounds were isolated, including a new compound named as diosniposide E, which was elucidated by analyzing its ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMBC and MS data and comparing them with data available in literature. The other eight compounds were identified as known compounds. Theoretical calculations of energy and the generation of a molecular electrostatic potential surface map were employed to assess the antioxidant capacity of nine compounds, the calculation results exhibited that compounds 5 and 6 had strong antioxidant capacities. To further evaluate the antioxidant activities of the investigated compounds, the DPPH and ABTS assays were conducted. The results from the DPPH scavenging activity test revealed that compounds 4 – 6 exhibited enhanced scavenging activities compared to L-ascorbic acid, while displaying similar efficacy to trolox. Moreover, the ABTS scavenging activities of compounds 4 – 6 were found to surpass those of L-ascorbic acid and trolox. In terms of α-glucosidase inhibition, compounds 3 and 4 displayed remarkable inhibitory activities that surpassed the effects of acarbose. Additionally, compound 2 exhibited potent anticholinesterase activities, outperforming donepezil. This research provides insights into the potential bioactive compounds present in Dioscorea nipponica Makino and may contribute to its use in traditional medicine.

Introduction Dioscorea nipponica (DN) and D. panthaica (DP) have been uniquely prepared as herbal medicinal products for treating coronary heart disease (CHD) in China. However, …

… Dioscorea nipponica Makino exhibits many … from Dioscorea nipponica Makino. In this study, the optimal extraction process of total saponins extract was optimized by single-factor test …

… In the present study, a phytochemical investigation of D. … The compounds (1-9) were isolated from the MeOH extract of Dioscorea nipponica rhizomes using a combination of different …

… analysis of Dioscorea nipponica. The samples were separated with an Agilent C8 column using water (A) and acetonitrile (B) under gradient conditions (0–10 min, linear gradient 20–40…

INTRODUCTION Dioscorea species, which contain abundant steroidal saponins, have been used as folk medicines or raw materials to synthesise steroid drugs. OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid chemotaxonomic method that will comprehensively resolve confusions about genetic relationships of genus Dioscorea. METHODS A comprehensive strategy using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was firstly proposed to evaluate the chemotaxonomy of 12 species (27 taxa) from China by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on the variations of the identified metabolites. RESULTS Twenty-eight secondary metabolites (mainly steroidal saponins) were identified. The MSn fragmentation patterns of DA (a new acetylated steroidal saponin at C-7 position) were firstly reported. Moreover, eight major steroidal saponins were further quantified simultaneously by UPLC-QTOF-MS method. According to HCA results, D. bulbifera L. was distinguished with species of sect. Stenophora Uline for pennogenin-type steroidal saponins. Dioscorea zingiberensis exhibited far distance from other members of sect. Stenophora Uline for two unique saponins. Dioscorea banzhuana may be reclassified into sect. Stenophora. Dioscorea nipponica subsp. rosthornii and D. collettii var. hypoglauca might be separated from their original subspecies/varieties as new species, respectively. CONCLUSION The chemotaxonomic method was successfully applied in the study of genetic relationships of Dioscorea species. This study not only enhanced the understanding of chemical constituents, but also laid basic theoretical foundations for the rational utilisation and chemotaxonomy of genus Dioscorea.

The dried rhizome of Dioscorea nipponica Makino ("Chuanshanlong" in Chinese) is a medicinal herb with multiple major producing areas. The main objective of this study was the comparative profiling of Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma (DNR) from various geographical origins. A hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced H9c2 cell injury model was established, and the antimyocardial ischemia activity of DNR samples from different origins was detected using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. The result showed that the antimyocardial ischemia potential of DNR samples from the Heilongjiang province was higher than that of the other studied samples. Subsequently, a plant metabolomics technique utilizing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q TOF-MS) was used to determine the differences in DNR samples from various geographical origins. Forty compounds, including steroidal saponins, free fatty acids, and organic acids, were tentatively identified based on UPLC-Q TOF-MS fragmentation pathways and via comparison with available reference standards. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to estimate the differences in DNR samples from different origins. Five compounds were significantly up-regulated and correlated with antimyocardial ischemia in DNR samples from Heilongjiang province. Molecular docking was used to discern the interactions of key markers with the active sites of the target protein. The findings signified that UPLC-Q TOF-MS metabolomics coupled with molecular docking is a powerful tool to rapidly identify the quality control characteristics of DNR samples and their products. The research provides a direction for the rational utilization of DNR.

… activities of Dioscorea steroid saponins from the … steroid saponins of furostane-, spirostane-, and pregnane-type skeleton have been discovered and characterized from 13 Dioscorea …

… Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are perennial trailing rhizome plants. Steroidal saponins, furostanol … In this investigation, a C18 solid phase extraction method was developed for yam saponins …

Abstract Wild yams (Dioscorea spp.) are medicinal plants rich in secondary metabolites of pharmacological interest, mostly allantoin and steroidal saponins. Their natural populations are overexploited and endangered. Cultivated yams could represent an alternative source of metabolites if interesting varieties could be selected. The objectives of the present study were to develop an HPTLC protocol for the simultaneous quantification of allantoin and steroidal saponins in dried yam powders, to compare species and varieties originating from distant geographical origins and to assess their potential as a source of secondary metabolites. Overall, 1151 accessions belonging to six cultivated species were analysed (1000 acc. from Nigeria, and 146 acc. from Vanuatu) and were compared to five commercial powders of wild yam (D. villosa). Allantoin, dioscin, gracillin, protodioscin, protogracillin and five unknown saponins were quantified. Dioscorea villosa powders varied in content and composition, with allantoin ranging from 0.23 to 22.35 mg/g (DW) and total saponins from 37.36 to 129.97 mg/g. Allantoin was present in the six species, with highest values in D. bulbifera bulbils (20.38 mg/g) and D. cayenensis tubers (17.12 mg/g). Steroidal saponins were quantified in three species, D. cayenensis, D. esculenta and D. rotundata, but were absent in D. alata, D. bulbifera and D. dumetorum. Mean total saponins contents were 42.15 mg/g in D. cayenensis, 17.65 mg/g in D. esculenta and 17/44 mg/g in D. rotundata, with accessions presenting very high values in D. cayenensis (78.31 mg/g) and D. rotundata (69.65 mg/g). For both allantoin and saponins, variation was observed within tubers and the tuber peel was richer than the flesh. Cultivated yam species represent a sustainable source of allantoin and steroidal saponins which could be further increased through conventional breeding.

… isolation and properties were also reportedf’flzl as preliminary accounts. This paper concerns isolation … corresponding to dioscin (III)13’ and gracillin (IV),13’ two common diosgenin (25D…

… reported the isolation of three steroid saponins, dioscin, gracillin and kikuba-saponin, … moiety of gracillin has been verified. When prosapogenin A of gracillin (GA) (diosgenin D-glucosido…

… sugar attached to diosgenin, which … gracillin) or 4-position (such as dioscin). Using diosgenyl 4′,6′-O-benzylidene-β-d-glucopyranoside as the key intermediate, dioscin and gracillin …

… and gracillin in RND samples using dioscin as the reference … protodioscin, dioscin and gracillin were selected as the major anti-… dioscin and gracillin exhibited strong inhibition on NO …

Abstract: Background: The rhizome of Oni-dokoro (a wild yam, Dioscorea tokoro) has extremely bitter taste and is not generally regarded edible;, however, in northern part of Japan, such as Iwate and a part of Aomori, it is used as health promoting food. To clarify the reason, we examined the biologically active compounds in the rhizome collected at Iwate and compared them from the other area in literature. Methods: The acetonitrile extract from northern part of Japan was purified by bioassay-guided separation using antiproliferative activity to human leukemia HL-60 cell, and protodioscin (PD) was isolated and identified by instrumental analyses as the major active compound. Results: PD known as a saponin with four sugar moieties, an inhibitor for platelet aggregation, and a low density lipoprotein (LPL) lowering agent, displayed strong growth inhibitory effect to HL-60. The literature search suggested that the rhizome from other area contained dioscin and other saponins with three sugar moieties as their major component. We assume that the edible and health promoting effect of the rhizome in the particular area is partially derived from these different components. Conclusion: We were interested in the differences of utilization in the rhizome of wild yam Dioscorea tokoro, and examined the chemical composition in the rhizome to find protodioscin as antiproliferative compound to HL-60. In the report from other area, the rhizome exhibited dioscin as the major compound. Our study indicated that the protodioscin/dioscin composition varied regionally, although the reason is still needs to be investigated.

… dioscin and gracillin in RND samples using dioscin as the 39 … dioscin and gracillin were selected as the major anti-… pseudoprogracillin, dioscin and gracillin were simultaneous …

… Gracillin is a new diosgenin glycoside which was present together with dioscin in the water… , both of which were isolated and proved to be trillin (diosgenin monoglucoside) and gluco …

… and by the isolation and identification with authentic gracillin of the … gracillin, dioscin and glucose and this fact indicates that it is a mixture of mother saponins of gracillin and dioscin …

Steroidal saponins, which exhibit multiple pharmacological effects, are the major bioactive constituents in herbal medicines from Dioscoreae species. In this study, a sensitive method …

… , and can be used as fingerprint for the identification of the steroidal saponins. Several … saponins were analyzed whereas the elucidation of the structures of the saponins by HPLC–MS/…

The genus Dioscorea is traditional Chinese medicine producing a variety of pharmacological active substances especially saponins. In our study, the secondary metabolism of Dioscorea zingiberensis and D. opposita that have significantly different saponin contents were investigated. The saponin content was significantly different between two species. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of transcriptomic data revealed significant differences between the two species in several metabolic pathways, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and steroid biosynthesis. Notably, 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were linked to steroid biosynthesis. Through further metabolome analysis, we detected a total of 1 010 metabolites, and 212 (52 upregulated and 160 downregulated) differential metabolites (DAMs) were screened. The DAMs were mainly enriched in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (32), amino acids (17), carbon metabolism (10), pentose phosphate (7), phenylalanine metabolism (6), and steroid (2). The combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome found that terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and steroid biosynthesis were significantly enriched. In addition, we screened three candidate glycosyltransferase genes involved in dioscin biosynthesis. The integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed a strong correlation between metabolite contents and gene expression. Three genes, J5N97_024139 (sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase 1, UGT80A2), J5N97_022450 (sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase 2, UGT80B1) and J5N97_004795 (UDP-rhamnose transporter 1, URT1), were significantly positively correlated with dioscin biosynthesis. These results provide valuable data for the study of secondary metabolites, particularly saponins, and lay a solid foundation for breeding ideal Dioscorea plants.

Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, occurs abundantly in plants such as Dioscorea alata, Smilax China, and Trigonella foenum graecum. This bioactive phytochemical not only is used as an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, but has revealed also high potential and interest in the treatment of various types of disorders such as cancer, hypercholesterolemia, inflammation, and several types of infections. Due to its pharmacological and industrial importance, several extraction and analytical procedures have been developed and applied over the years to isolate, detect, and quantify diosgenin, not only in its natural sources and pharmaceutical compositions, but also in animal matrices for pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological studies. Within these, HPLC technique coupled to different detectors is the most commonly analytical procedure described for this compound. However, other alternative methods were also published. Thus, the present review aims to provide collective information on the most recent pharmacological data on diosgenin and on the most relevant analytical techniques used to isolate, detect, and quantify this compound as well.

Dioscorea species, known as “Yams”, belong to the Dioscoreaceae family. Members of the Dioscoreaceae family are widely distributed across subtropical and tropical regions. They are notable for their high content of starch, dietary fiber, and various bioactive compounds. In addition to serving as a staple food source, these tubers possess significant medicinal value in traditional medicine, particularly for treating diabetes, diarrhea, and various inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize the active components and food development potential of Dioscorea species from research over the past decade by searching commonly used databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. This review highlights the classification of bioactive compounds in Dioscorea spp. using the NPClassifier tool. We discuss 60 representative bioactive metabolites, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, alkaloids, and amino acids. Additionally, we discuss the functional food applications and regulations of Dioscorea spp., which possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anticancer properties. This review is expected to provide scientific ideas for future research related to prioritizing the optimization of extraction technologies, the execution of rigorous clinical trials to confirm therapeutic effects, and the exploration of novel applications of Dioscorea spp. bioactives to fully harness their potential in improving human health.

This study aimed to screen potential antitumor compounds from Dioscorea nipponica Makino subsp. rosthornii , validate them in cellular models, and investigate their mechanisms underlying the inhibition of proliferation in A549 cells. The chemical constituents in 12 batches of D. nipponica Makino subsp. rosthornii were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). The antitumor activity of these samples was assessed in A549 cells through cell proliferation, wound healing, migration, and invasion assays. A multivariate regression spectrum-effect relationship model was developed, treating the peak areas of common chromatographic peaks as independent variables and the antitumor activity as the dependent variable. Potential antitumor components were identified based on this spectrum-effect correlation and subsequently validated. The protein expression levels of N-cadherin, MMP2, and E-cadherin in A549 cells were measured to investigate the underlying mechanisms. A comprehensive chemical analysis was conducted on 12 batches of D. nipponica Makino subsp. rosthornii from varied geographical origins using UPLC-QTOF-MS, resulting in the identification of 23 distinct chemical constituents. The extract derived from D. nipponica Makino subsp. rosthornii notably inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 cells. Spectrum-effect relationship analysis pinpointed three potential antitumor compounds: protodioscin, diosgenin, and gracillin. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that these saponins inhibit the malignant phenotype of A549 cells through a dual regulatory mechanism. Specifically, they markedly reduced the expression of pro-metastatic proteins N-cadherin and MMP2, while simultaneously enhancing the expression of E-cadherin. This study elucidated the key active constituents responsible for the antitumor effects of D . nipponica Makino subsp. rosthornii , thereby providing scientific evidence to support its potential application in cancer therapy.

… , while the compounds 11 and 14 were obtained from both the genus Dioscorea and the family Dioscoreaceae for the first time. Moreover, the antitumor activities of the compounds were …

… 'H NMR spectra of the sugar portion of the steroidal saponins … the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the new steroidal sapogenins … for the structural assignment of these compounds. The 'H …

… Steroidal saponins and their aglycones (steroidal sapogenins), which … steroid hormonal drugs, but recently also as biologically active materials having independent value. All steroidal …

… , saponins are made of three entities: an aglycone (steroid or … the NMR of peracetates (68, 69) and one the NMR of a saponin in DMSO (17). The latter article dealt with the structures of …

… structure elucidation of the carbohydrate moiety of a saponin. In the present paper the strategy of structure elucidation used in our laboratory is examplified with focus on the non-nmr …

… Saponins are steroid or triterpene glycosides that have the distinctive property of forming a soapy lather in water. This group of natural substances possess a broad spectrum of …

… published 13C NMR assignments of 2 are presented. The role of plant steroidal saponins in … -associated photosensitization of sheep contain steroidal saponins. That the bile crystals of …

… steroidal saponins, being … NMR spectra are acquired in methanol-d 4 . We propose a modified empirical method for the direct assignment of C-25 stereochemistry in furostanol saponins …

… A counter-current chromatography (CCC) method was successfully applied to separate and purify steroid saponins from the traditional Chinese medicine Dioscorea zingiberensis CH…

… saponins in the Chinese medical herb Dioscorea nipponica Makino, whose chemical … The powdered extract (20.95 kg) was obtained for subsequent separation and purification, …

… A chemical investigation of Dioscorea collettii led to the isolation of twenty-nine compounds, … and 25–29 were first isolated from the genus Dioscorea and the family Dioscoreaceae. The …

… Both, acidic and basic conditions improved the overall emulsification properties, which … emulsification properties. The results of this study show that mucilage from Dioscorea opposita …

… the chemical components and rheological properties of polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposita … Graded alcohol precipitation was used to extract Dioscorea opposita polysaccharide …

Background Dioscorea opposita Thunb, as a dual-purpose edible plant with excellent nutritional and medical value, accumulates abundant bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides. Polysaccharides from D. opposita have been widely recognized and studied due to various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer, which are influenced by their complex structures. In recent years, numerous studies have investigated the structures and activities of D. opposita polysaccharides, and the relationships between them. However, the detailed structures remain different because the structures are susceptible to various species, producing areas, growth conditions (weather, soil, temperature, moisture, etc.), and extraction and separation methods. In this study, the structures of purified polysaccharides from D. opposita were determined and the biological activities were preliminarily investigated including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Results The crude polysaccharides DOP1 and DOP2 were isolated and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 to obtain two purified polysaccharides fractions (DOP1-1 and DOP2-1), with the molecular weights of 15.63 kDa and 32.32 kDa, respectively. The structures of DOP1-1 and DOP2-1 were analyzed by HPLC, FT-IR, methylation, and 1D (^1H, ^13C) and 2D (HSQC, COSY, TOCSY, and ROESY) NMR spectra. The results indicated the presence of → 2)-β-Man p -(1 → 4)-α-Glc p -(1 → 2)-β-Man p -(1 → ,  → 1)-β-Man p -(2 → 1)-α-Gal p A-(4 →, and  → 2)-β-Man p -(1 → 2)-β-Man p -(1 → in DOP1-1, and the ratio was 2:11:5. The bone structure of DOP2-1 was predicted as → 1)-β- d -Gal p -(4 → , along with two main branching structures composed of arabinose of different degrees of polymerization. Preliminary anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities were investigated. DOP1-1 and DOP2-1 demonstrated inhibitory effects on macrophages cells (RAW264.7). DOP2-1 exhibited anti-tumor effects against hepatocellular carcinoma (SNU-739 and HepG2). Conclusions The structures and bioactivities of DOP1-1 and DOP2-1 were analyzed to provide a basis for the establishment of structure/function relationships. The polysaccharides derived from Dioscorea opposita could be potentially employed in functional food, health care, and pharmaceutical industries. Graphical Abstract

The aim of this work was to compare the composition and physicochemical properties (SEM, XRD, solubility, swelling power, paste clarity, retrogradation, freeze–thaw stability, thermal property, and pasting property) of three Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) starches (CYYS-1, CYYS-2, and CYYS-3) in Yunlong town, Haikou, Hainan Province, China. Our results show that all the CYYS gave a typical C-type X-ray diffraction pattern. The swelling power of CYYS varied from 10.79% to 30.34%, whereas solubility index was in the range of 7.84–4.55%. The freeze–thaw stability of each CYYS showed a contrary tendency with its amylose content. In addition, CYYS-3 showed the highest To (81.1 °C), Tp (84.8 °C), Tc (91.2 °C), and ΔH (14.1 J/g). The pasting temperature of CYYS-1 increased significantly with sucrose addition. NaCl could inhibit the swelling power of CYYS. There were significant decreases in pasting temperature and pasting time of CYYS when pH decreased.

… As reported in the literature, there are many chemical components contained in D. opposita Thunb. such as mannan, allantoin, dopamine, batatasine, phytic acid, abscisin II,amino-acids…

A previously unknown, water-soluble polysaccharide, named DOTP-B, was isolated from the roots of the plant Dioscorea opposita Thunb, a well-known edible and medicinal plant in China. DOTP-B was found to be neutral in charge, with an average molecular weight of 5623 Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis by GC-MS revealed that DOTP-B was a hetero-polysaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 14.6:1.0. Structural features of DOTP-B were investigated with a combination of chemical and instrumental methods, including complete acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, methylation, GC-MS, FTIR and several NMR spectra. Highly correlated results demonstrated that the main chain of DOTP-B consisted of →4)-α-d-glc(1 → residues, with about 6% internal →6)-β-d-gal(1 → residues. The antioxidant activity of DOTP-B was also evaluated as the EC50 values against DPPH and PTIO radicals were 2.1 ± 0.1 mg/mL and 1.6 ± 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the polysaccharide DOTP-B could be possibly developed as a promising natural antioxidant for application in medical and food industries.

Polysaccharides are the important biologically active components found in the peel of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. (DTTP). The influences of 4 extraction methods, namely hot water …

Physicochemical and bio-functional properties of three starches including native starch (NS), the dual enzyme-treated starch (DES) and the cross-linked carboxymethyl starch (CCS) …