《荒原狼》在中国的接受

海塞是瑞士批判现实主义的主要代表人物之一，其文学思想的主要特点在于：一、富于浪漫主义情调的批判现实主义。二、沉思冥想的内省现实主义批判。三、双重人格冲突的批判现实主义。

以瞿秋白《〈鲁迅杂感选集〉序言》对鲁迅的分析为出发点，重读《阿Ｑ正传》。可以看到：小说关于“阿Ｑ姓什么”的讨论，构成了“作者”为阿Ｑ“做正传”的起点；关于“阿Ｑ想姓赵，赵老太爷却不让他姓赵”的叙述，构成了阿Ｑ整个生命故事的起点；然而更重要的是，倘若把《阿Ｑ正传》视为鲁迅对“辛亥革命”最深刻的反思，那么他就通过对“阿Ｑ姓什么”的讨论和对“赵老太爷不准阿Ｑ姓赵”的叙述，将“乡里空间”的崩溃作为反思“辛亥革命”的起点。这样来解读《阿Ｑ正传》，并非要证明鲁迅先知先觉般地反驳了从“乡里空间”到“各省之力”的“辛亥革命新论”，而是要揭示出他深刻地预见了“乡里空间”崩溃所带来的悲剧性与革命性并重的后果，也就是从原来似乎蒙上了一层温情脉脉的面纱的宗法制社会中自觉或不自觉地放逐出、驱赶出一批又一批“阿Ｑ”式的人物，他们就像一群又一群游荡在荒野上的孤魂野鬼，从而使得阿Ｑ的“解放”构成了重新理解“启蒙”的关键。

人类文明的起源是什么?什么因素造成了东方与西方文明体系的差异?这无疑是令人文学者一直感兴趣的问题。从“神话中的狼”出发, 探索西方文明的形成与发展足迹, 通过对于作为神话中“文化英雄”的狼来探索西方文明最初的特点, 或许可以接触西方文明的灵魂。

1924—1926年间，正是五四与国民大革命两个时代之间的过渡期，在外部环境遽变的刺激之下，五四启蒙阵营内部发生了一波又一波的分化与冲突。现代评论派与语丝派由于在学术文化体制中的不同位置，形成了不同的“文化惯习”，发生了绅士与名士的论战。而在语丝派文人内部，周作人的名士风度与鲁迅的斗士性格也有微妙的差别。鲁迅因此联合激进青年另办《莽原》杂志。但后五四一代的狂飙派青年，高唱“新流氓主义”，企图打倒五四的老师一辈取而代之，掌控新的话语主导权。这几场论战形成的风气，为之后连绵不绝的“知识人内战”开创了恶性的范例。

从20世纪外国文学中的爱情小说出发，选取《洛丽塔》、《情人》、《钢琴教师》等20世纪著名的“畸恋”小说为研究对象，认为较之前传统文学相比，这些小说呈现出新的特点：不再以对抗政治阶层、宗教伦理为主题，而是注重揭示个体的成长创伤，直面模糊的人性善恶和道德的相对性，从道德说教转向了道德关怀。笔者选取几部影响较大的小说展开论述，认为自由伦理的个体叙事是20世纪畸恋小说的核心价值，也是其蔚为大观的根本原因。

The thought of Wu Wei (inaction) is an important part of Daoism. In the aspect of governing the country, it means that the monarch should not act rashly but should try to reach the realm of “when you need do nothing, there is nothing you cannot do”. In terms of individual behaviour, it contains the thoughts of trans-cending opposites, conforming to the laws of nature and complying with Dao. Using the method of influence studies, this paper will study how Chinese culture, especially Taoist thought, influenced German literature and thought in the 1920s in terms of social his-tory and academic trends. Then, using the method of reception studies, this paper will take Hesse's Siddhartha and Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountain as examples to explore the cultural factors and psychological logic behind the two different manifestations of Daoist "Wu Wei" thought in German literature in the 1920s.

… novels such as Die Morgenlandfahrt and Der Steppenwolf but also wrote many fairy tales (… said: “Hier haben wir es nicht mit dem heiligen China der Weisen und Helden zu tun; der alte …

… ’s personal development, Steppenwolf encompasses this … of the picture reflects the Goethe reception of the time. Goethe’… out to the wisdom of India, China, and ancient Greece. It was a …

… Hermann Hesse was aware of the moral and social difficulties plaguing Europe at that time … the relevance of Hesse by analysing the historiography of the studies on Hesse's works and …

… some ways that a dramaturgical translation can support the … Steppenwolf investigated these points, before, in conclusion, exploring the potential value of dramaturgical translations …

… The historical bias of most schlolars anid critics directs their … least the possibility of coiitemiiporary history;2 studenits of the … All page references will be the Creighton translation and …

… Steppenwolf elicited in the Anglophone youth movement of the 1960s, which began when Basil Creighton’s translation … in 20th-century history, will want to see in Steppenwolf Hesse’s …

Hermann Hesse’s Steppenwolf (1927) can be regarded as a post-humanist novel for several reasons. It is post-humanist in a temporal sense because it engages with the nineteenth-century humanist legacy from a twentieth-century perspective. The novel’s brazen critique of traditional bourgeois values does not simply reject humanism and its philosophy of individual autonomy. It dislodges idealist concepts of wholeness and self-perfection and replaces them with a multi-perspectival view of a continuously changing human consciousness, an open-ended process toward an ever-elusive self-awareness. The protagonist of Hesse’s novel, Harry Haller, even though still heavily influenced by the humanist tradition, can no longer be viewed as a clearly defined individual personifying the Cartesian dichotomy of body and mind. On the contrary, Hesse’s novel depicts Haller’s gradual disillusionment with this idealist world view by giving a detailed account of the deconstruction of his personality – a personality that, as it turns out, does not consist of a spiritual essence but dissolves into an accumulation of acquired conventions, habits, cultural and philosophical traditions, even specific historical events and constellations. Yet Hesse’s attempt to go beyond a mere negation of humanist values implies transcending the humanist paradigm in many respects, including its form. This essay will focus on the novel’s subversion of the humanist tradition. It discloses how Hesse’s novel undermines universalist philosophical claims, regardless of whether they belong to the idealist or anti-idealist Nietzschean philosophy that heavily influenced both the protagonist and his author. In light of the novel’s dismantling of binary reasoning, foregrounded in the protagonist’s man-animal division, the essay challenges conventional wisdom among critics who regard Hesse’s literary works as traditionalist.

In his article "Hesse's Steppenwolf as Modern Ethical Fiction" Michal Koza discusses the significance of "ethical fiction" in modern literature. Such fiction, according to Kant, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche, are not only milestones of ethical thinking, but more importantly offer a narrative for self-creation as an ethical subject. Harry Haller, the protagonist of Hermann Hesse's Steppenwolf, is a man living on the border of modern subjectivity embodying a cultural and existential crisis. Koza argues that "ethical reading" enables one to see the relation between philosophy and literature that not only enter in a dialogue with each other, but also share their crises, with the crisis of mimesis at the fore. Michal Koza, "Hesse's Steppenwolf as Modern Ethical Fiction" page 2 of 7 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 17.5 (2015): Special Issue Fiction and Ethics in the Twenty-first Century. Ed. Zhenzhao Nie and Biwu Shang

… Throughout this paper all translations of material quoted from Materialen are mine. Person … " Concern ing the Steppenwolf." The major works that lie between these boun daries—A …

Having in mind Hermann Hesse’s Der Steppenwolf and most specifically “Harry Hallers Aufzeichnungen” and “Tractat vom Steppenwolf” as true examples of the creative relationship …

… , the Chinese influence is profound, a narrowing from Hesse’s … The image of Chinese culture chosen by Hesse is that of … world in flux, which some Chinese scholars (and their Western …