批评话语分析理论：理论渊源与基本观点、Fairclough三维话语分析框架、话语权力与意识形态、企业生态形象建构

ABSTRACT This article situates critical race discourse analysis (CRDA) as a methodological possibility for critical discourse scholars and critical race scholars curious about the ways our analyses can represent a mutually constitutive commitment between critical discourse analysis (CDA) and critical race theory (CRT). First, I detail the emergence and circulation of anti-critical race theory discourse. After offering a corrective, I engage with Ruth Wodak’s (2020) and Norman Fairclough’s (2010) invitations to reconsider how CDA can equip critical scholars to confront societal crises. Next, I detail CRDA as a framework that adds to the CDA tradition by embracing CRT as a theory inextricable from our analyses, identify existing studies that engage with CRDA, and use those studies as an entry point to characterize what CRDA contributes to the CDA program. Finally, I revisit the implications for understanding CRT as an insurgent epistemology that aligns with the commitments of critical discourse studies.

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Abstract: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) serves as one of the tools to analyze the linguistic and the social. This article aims at investigating the relevance of ideas amongst CDA figures—Fairclough, Van Dijk, Wodak, and Kristeva—to both social and literary studies. This includes some significant points such as discourse, social practice, representation, power and intertextuality. The article shows, based on literary study, the aim of CDA applied linguistic aspect is to reveal the hidden in the analytical level of individual, institutional or social, i.e. domination and the abuse of power. CDA figures agreed to some extent that the complex interactions of discourse and social could not be analyzed, unless it utilized the approaches of linguistic and social. In the course of identity, for instance, CDA abridges the social and the linguistic realm. CDA, in this regard, mainly advocates the under-privileged representations of everyday life.

ABSTRACT This article critically examines the political function of transparency discourse within the EU AI Act. Building upon the early Frankfurt school of critical theory, the article demonstrates how the market-friendly notion of transparency reinforces relations of power and domination, while side-lining ethical concerns and citizens’ welfare. Through critical discourse analysis, I argue that transparency discourse within the EU AI Act serves a dual purpose: ideological work and policy legitimation. It prioritizes AI industry and big tech interests over human rights concerns, places market efficiency and profit above citizens’ rights, and enables a technocratic approach that undermines the core values of the EU charter. By reinforcing hegemonic market orientation, prioritizing experts and AI providers, and hindering broader public participation, the concept of transparency oversimplifies complex ethical issues and obscures underlying normative tensions. The article contributes to critical studies of algorithmic governance by challenging the taken-for-granted assumptions surrounding transparency in EU regulation discourse.

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A growing interest in the study of discourses has spread in management research, but so far, it has mostly relied on in-depth qualitative analyses of textual material. With the increasing availability of large textual data, several challenges arise. This paper offers a mixed-methods approach to integrate critical discourse analysis with structural topic modeling to turn these challenges into valuable opportunities. We argue that combining both approaches overcomes their limitations and provides great potential for exploring phenomena that matter in our mediatized society. Based on an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, we develop a stepwise model that provides practical and theoretical guidance to conduct a critical analysis of large textual data. Our illustrative example focuses on the discursive legitimation struggles around the tobacco industry. We demonstrate how an integrated mixed-methods approach allows capturing the breadth and depth of discourses used by different actors in the tobacco debates.

The research aimed to find out the representation of the Arab Spring and described the forms of social dimensions in the movie entitled Alephia 2053. It a movie telling the story of an Arab country in the future that still adhered to a monarchical system of government. The story in Alephia 2053 had similarities to events in Arab countries. The reality was the chaos that occurred in Arab countries a few years ago, known as the Arab Spring. The research was designed applying a descriptive qualitative research method with Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis approach. The data analysis technique used was to analyze the data descriptively using Norman Fairclough’s perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis theory. The research finding reveals that the Arab Spring’s representation in the movie Alephia 2053 is in the form of a government coup and the democracy slogan action. The finding also indicates social dimensions as (a) in the text dimension, eleven words are fought for and contain forms of representation, relationships, and identity; (b) in discursive practice, three data contents support evidence of the ideological words; (c) in sociocultural practices, there are relations, social, and cultural processes in the form of information, in the form of binary opposition between the regime, state officials and the people which describes three levels of sociocultural practices, namely situational, institutional, and social levels. 

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a theory, methodology, and type of analysis used across various fields, including linguistics, sociology, and philosophy. CDA focuses on how language is used; discourses are found within language, and knowledge is created through these discourses. CDA can be beneficial to sport management scholars who seek to question existing power structures. The purpose of this paper was to highlight the value and appropriateness of CDA for Journal of Sport Management readers in an effort to see this approach become more prevalent in the journal. The authors shared their perspectives about the lack of critical qualitative methodologies in Journal of Sport Management, presented theoretical foundations of CDA, showcased its application in sport management studies, and explored four theoretical, methodological, and analytical approaches for future use. The authors also provided suggestions for scholars to adopt discourse-related methodologies to enhance knowledge creation in their field. Finally, the authors acknowledged the limitations of this approach.

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This study examines the construction of colonial power, identity, and imperial ideology in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness by applying Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Utilizing Fairclough’s model comprising linguistic description, discursive interpretation, and sociocultural explanation the research investigates how Kurtz’s language reflects and reinforces nineteenth-century European hegemonies. At the textual level, the analysis focuses on Kurtz’s lexical choices, evaluative structures, and racialized binary representations that separate Europeans from native Africans. At the level of discourse practice, the paper evaluates how Kurtz’s written report functions as a communicative event, reproducing institutional colonial rhetoric and civilizing narratives. At the sociocultural level, the findings contextualize Kurtz’s utterances within broader imperialist structures, racial hierarchies, and the moral justifications of colonial expansion. Special analytical focus is placed on the ideological rupture between his high-minded humanitarian preamble and his infamous postscript, "Exterminate all the brutes!" This paradoxical shift reveals the fragility and inherent hypocrisy of imperial rhetoric. The study concludes that Kurtz’s discourse operates dualistically: while it seeks to rationalize and sustain colonial dominance, it ultimately unmasks the systemic brutality, moral decay, and structural contradictions embedded within the Western imperial enterprise. By deconstructing these discursive layers, the research highlights the pivotal role of critical language analysis in exposing how literature both reproduces and interrogates colonial power dynamics.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the linguistic mechanisms used by policy actors to legitimize International Baccalaureate (IB) education policy and how this legitimacy is perceived by audiences through the lens of Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. Analyzing 125 policy documents from the Ministry of Education and 14 provincial offices of education produced between 2017 and 2025, the study yields the following findings: First, at the textual level, policy documents redefine educational goals by repeatedly employing specific vocabulary. They justify policy implementation through assertive and mandatory modalities and use the linguistic strategy of rebranding IB education with regional names to present it as an achievement of local autonomy. Second, at the discourse level, provincial offices of education—as primary producers—disseminate and represent IB education as a proven domestic model across various genres. This constructs a discourse where the inter-regional expansion of the policy is perceived as a rational and legitimate choice. Third, at the social practice level, IB education policy is presented as a structural solution to complex social conflicts in South Korea. It functions as a neoliberal human capital strategy to enhance regional competitiveness and secure elite talent. Based on these results, this study calls for critical reflection and the discursive reconstruction of IB education policy within the unique context and conditions of the South Korean educational landscape.

: This study investigates news reports of COVID-19 in The New York Times and China Daily from February 2020 to April 2020 utilizing Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework for analysis of discourse. This paper is to explore the changes of the focuses of the two media’s coverage on COVID-19, the images of China created by them, and the ideological differences between China and America behind the news reports.

With the help of Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework, this paper analyzes Xi Jinping’s speech delivered at the World Economic Forum Virtual Event of the

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This research delves into the critical discourse analysis (CDA) of an advertisement for Sambal ABC, an Indonesian chili sauce product, employing Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework. It explores the linguistic, discursive, and social dimensions prevalent in advertising language. The study contextualizes advertising as a form of discourse aiming to influence consumer attitudes and behaviors, emphasizing the relevance of CDA in decoding cultural nuances embedded within advertising. Methodologically, a qualitative approach was employed, focusing on linguistic analysis of pronouns, imperatives, and adjectives. Additionally, the study investigated textual practice which focuses on the linguistics element, discursive practices which is unveiling how language production and consumption influence discourse formation; moreover, sociolinguistic analysis emphasized socio-historical factors affecting discourse interpretation. Results from the critical analysis of the Sambal ABC advertisement revealed deliberate linguistic choices aiming at audience engagement. Pronouns personalized the message, imperatives directed actions, and adjectives highlighted desired qualities, enhancing the advertisement’s appeal. Discursively, the advertisement positioned the audience as active participants, emphasized product uniqueness, and promoted social responsibility towards farmers, establishing an emotional connection rooted in family values. The study’s societal implications were evident, challenging norms of expressing gratitude towards products, recognizing farmers’ contributions, and tapping into cultural identity. This research underscores the intricate interplay between language, persuasion, and societal contexts within advertising, emphasizing the need for understanding discourse in advertising as a powerful tool shaping consumer perceptions.

This study analyses how news coverage of Nadiem Makarim’s public statement on the Merdeka Belajar policy in Tempo is constructed through Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional model. The objective is to reveal how ideology and power relations are communicated in this discourse. Employing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as its methodological framework, data were collected with document analysis of a Tempo online article Bowen (2009) and examined through Fairclough’s three dimensions that include description (text analysis), interpretation (processing analysis), and explanation (social analysis). Findings show that Nadiem’s statement is represented as an urgency demanding government action that framed across all three CDA stages. At description level, lexical choices, nominalization, passivization, and transitivity foreground ideological framing and underscore governmental leadership in promoting transformative education. At interpretation level, media credibility is negotiated through the selection of news sources and a balance between subjective and objective reporting. At the explanation level, socio-cultural and political contexts, including the Minister’s self-image, ideological conflicts between progressive and conservative group, hierarchical power relation, and enduring traditional cultural values that shape and legitimize the policy discourse. Implications of this study highlight the pivotal role of language in building public trust and legitimizing transformative education reforms. This research offers valuable insights for policy makers, educators, and future CDA studies in educational contexts.

Based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional modelling framework, this paper presents a discourse analysis of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports of AbbVie and Hengrui, representative companies in the pharmaceutical field in the United States and China. At the textual analysis level, word frequency statistics are conducted on the report texts. Through keyword analysis, the focus of concern of the two companies is understood. At the discourse practice level, the process of report generation and understanding is explored in terms of data sources and case use. At the social practice level, the performance of the two companies in different cultural contexts is analysed to understand how cultural differences affect the companies’ image building. The study shows that AbbVie’s and Hengrui’s corporate images have common points: focusing on management, actively fulfilling social responsibility, and pursuing sustainable development. Whereas AbbVie is more inclined to show global vision and inclusiveness, Hengrui emphasises local authority and patriotism. By analysing the discourses of the two corporations’ CSR reports, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of how corporations shape their corporate image through linguistic strategies and to reveal the cultural factors behind the differences in corporate image.

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Chinese culture is a convergence of local cultures, and an in-depth understanding of local culture is the same as an understanding of Chinese culture. By constructing analysis framework, this paper not only analyzes text mode from the perspective of Halliday’s three meta-language functions, but also studies collaborative discourse propaganda effect of visual mode, auditory mode, and text mode from the perspective of semantic coherence and intertextuality at the level of discourse practice. This paper also expounds the performance of ideology and discourse power in propaganda film of Shanxi Province. The study has drawn the conclusion that regional propaganda films are mostly characterized by material and relational processes, third-person, and unmarked theme structure. Communication effect of multimodal synergy maximizes propaganda effect during text production and consumption. And regional propaganda films reflect the historical, cultural and political will and China’s determination to open up to the outside world at the same time.

: Fairclough believes that language is a part of society, a form of social practice, and that it interacts with and constructs social practice. Based on this, he establishes a three-dimensional framework for discourse analysis, in which any discourse can be seen as a trinity. This paper will analyze Fairclough’s three-dimensional model and provide a brief literature review on the use of Fairclough’s three-dimensional model in practice. It aims to reveal the role and impact of Fairclough’s three-dimensional critical discourse analysis.

This research aimed at examining a comparative critical discourse analysis of the representation of Sheikh Hasina’s political decline in August 2024 as reflected in the editorials of three prominent English-language newspapers in South Asia: the DAWN (Pakistan), the New Age (Bangladesh), and the Hindustan Times (India). This research adopted a qualitative research design founded in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), specifically referencing Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework: 1. Textual Analysis (Description), 2. Discursive Practice (Interpretation), and 3. Social Practice (Explanation). Applying this three-dimensional framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this study examined the linguistic selections and discursive methods employed to portray Hasina’s resignation and highlighted underlying power structures. The textual analysis indicated notable differences. For example, the DAWN revealed a critical stance cautioning against authoritarianism and military involvement; the New Age provided a respectful, biographical portrayal that highlighted Hasina’s legacy; while the Hindustan Times represented her removal as a geopolitical crisis with implications for India in the region. The discursive and sociocultural analyses further illustrated how these texts were influenced by their national contexts, historical ties, and institutional ideologies. Each editorial reflected broader issues, ranging from the decline of democracy and civil-military interactions to national reputation and foreign policy concerns. This study concluded that editorial discourses serve as a potent tool for either reinforcing or challenging prevailing ideologies. By examining representations across borders, the research enhanced an understanding of how media framing affected political perceptions, public awareness, and cross-national narratives in South Asia. The findings emphasized the importance of CDA in deconstructing media rhetoric and provided insights into the intersection of language, ideology, and power in regional journalism.

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This study aimed to examine how the language used in GoSend advertisements taken from YouTube could influence consumer perceptions and behaviour. This study provided practical importance on the significance of effective language use, appropriate visual selection, and platform selection that could achieve marketing goals. To analyze the advertisement, the researcher used Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework: text dimension (micro), discourse practice (meso), and socio-cultural practice (macro). This study employed a qualitative method in analyzing the advertising text of Gojek’s YouTube GoSend advertisement #BestSellerGoSend featuring Ariel Noah. The findings of this study indicated that various strategies were used in advertising to attract consumer interest. The selection of interesting and promising language increasingly made customers want to use the GoSend service. This advertisement had an impact on influencing customers that by using this service, goods would arrive quickly with cheap shipping costs and safe and hassle-free delivery. In addition, the selection of models as visual objects in this advertisement was very influential in attracting the attention of the audience and building public trust because the model in this advertisement was a legendary public figure, and the addition of old song clips from the band “Noah” served as a special attraction in this advertisement.

Online media play a significant role in shaping public perceptions of educational issues, including cases of cheating in the UTBK national entrance examination. Although previous studies have widely applied Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), many still emphasize linguistic features without fully integrating the dimensions of discursive practice and social practice. This study aims to examine how CNN Indonesia constructs the issue of UTBK cheating in the news article titled Kecurangan UTBK Makin Canggih, Peserta Pasang Kamera di Kacamata by employing Fairclough’s three dimensional framework. Using a qualitative approach, the analysis focuses on textual features, the processes of discourse production and distribution, and the broader sociocultural context. The findings indicate that the report highlights the number of offenders, the sophistication of cheating technologies, and indications of insider involvement to portray the issue as serious and systemic. The discursive practice dimension reveals the dominance of a single authoritative source and a narrative structure that progresses from factual reporting to moral reinforcement. At the social practice level, the news connects cheating with broader societal values such as trust and integrity in the education system. Overall, the study demonstrates that media discourse not only conveys information but also shapes public understanding by framing educational issues as moral and institutional concerns.

: In September 2025, the renowned Chinese restaurant chain Xibei became embroiled in a “pre-made food” accusation storm initiated by online opinion leader Luo Yonghao. The incident rapidly escalated from a personal consumer dispute into a nationwide public issue, profoundly touching upon societal sensitivities regarding food safety, business integrity, and consumer sovereignty. This study employs Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework to conduct an in-depth analysis of four core news reports surrounding this event. The analysis reveals that the discursive practice of this event was essentially a fierce contest among official technical definitions, corporate legitimacy defense, and consumer lived experience perceptions. At its core lies a structural power conflict between the efficiency logic pursued by capital and the value logic desired by consumers. This study aims, through systematic discourse deconstruction, to reveal the implicit power asymmetries and ideological manipulations in public communication, offering a new theoretical perspective and practical case for understanding consumer rights movements and corporate social responsibility discourse under China’s contemporary market economy.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Media Discourse: Power, Ideology, and Representation Power and ideology are concepts Abstract Critical Discourse Analysis is a transdisciplinary strategy that focuses on the study of the interactionist perspective in linguistics, which considers ‘talk as a kind of practical, action-oriented, discursive practice’. This article will discuss the use of discourse in the creation of power dynamics, ideology, and identity in a text, specifically in the world of mass media communications. This article draws on the most topical theories introduced by Fairclough, Van Dijk, and Wodak, which will help in understanding the manner in which the use of words in the discourse is understood to produce decentralized meanings, which benefit the elite of society. The use of Critical Discourse Analysis can thus play a significant role in identifying the hidden meanings of words, which can result in a greater awareness among the reader, as stated in the findings. Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Power, Ideology, Media Discourse, Representation

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Discourse analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) investigate the networks constructed through language, encompassing cultural, political, and identical systems. CDA stands as a multidisciplinary approach that critically examines language use in societal contexts. At its core, CDA aims to expose power structures and ideological influences embedded within discourse. This article delves into the fundamental approaches of CDA, emphasizing its role in unveiling the criticism of power and ideology. Through an exploration of key theoretical frameworks and analytical tools, this paper elucidates the ways in which CDA unveils the intricate relationships between language, power, and ideology, contributing to a deeper understanding of societal dynamics. However, CDA diverges by critically examining disparities, inequalities, and discriminatory practices entrenched in power and ideology expressed through language. Despite divergent foundational approaches, CDA aims to uncover the interdependence of language, power, and ideology, spotlighting language’s role in both exerting power and perpetuating social inequalities. Dominant ideologies often become naturalized through continuous linguistic use, yet critical discourse analysts strive to expose and contest these embedded power dynamics and ideologies. They serve to awaken individuals complicit in legitimizing these ideologies inadvertently.

The present paper focuses on the introduction of a new integrative problem-oriented analytical tool, the Power, Ideology and Manipulation Identification (PIMI) instrument, which was created for the analysis of political discourse, through adapting the most recent theories and methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. The study defines the meaning of power, ideology and manipulation, and attempts to trace their characteristic features in political discourse. These three concepts are of notable importance in the latest Critical Discourse Analysis literature, though the relations between them have not yet been entirely clarified. The present paper discusses the three concepts in parallel, whilst also introducing the new instrument, which has been built on the basis of two existing critical discourse analytical models (Chilton & Schäffner, 1997; van Dijk, 2006). Through presenting the results of the pilot analysis of a relevant piece of political discourse conducted using the new analytical instrument, the study also draws conclusions regarding the interconnected relationship between the three concepts examined. The data gained during the analysis indicate that inequality and polarization are significant elements in the case of each construct, and the results of the analysis also show that despite several overlaps, each concept has its own characteristic profile.

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This study attempts to reveal the ideology and power expressed in the news text entitled “The burning scar: Inside the destruction of Asia’s last rainforest”. The data of this study were obtained from one of the most famous online Newspapers namely BBC. Whilst, in doing the critical analysis, systemic functional linguistics specifically the use of appraisal proposed by Martin and White (2005) was applied to find out the ideology as well as the power of the text. The findings show that there are three appraisal items found such as attitude, engagement, and graduation simultaneously. Affect is the most dominant appraisal found in the text. It represents the feelings of the people who live in Papua where their land has been destroyed by the world's largest exporter of palm oil from South Korea. Besides, they also criticize the Indonesian government which sold their land to the company without any notice to the tribe who live there. Then, engagement represents the tribe’s voices where they have to move from their land. The last is graduation which represents the tribe’s experience when they were kicked out from their land. Meanwhile, the ideology of the text is represented by the use of attitude consisting of affect, appreciation, and judgment. Furthermore, the power deals with the tribe’s tenor such as contact, status dan affect.

The notion of ideology plays a crucial role in the social sciences in general and discourse studies in particular because it helps us conceptualize, problematize and understand the complex relationship between language use and power structures. In this respect, ideology analysis contributes to a holistic, multilevel and complex understanding of discourse (Shi-xu 2014). The research programs of social scientific approaches to ideology and the still emerging field of discourse studies show several similarities and parallel developments. For both programs, knowledge and power, symbolic realities and their material mediation, as well as the practical production and consequences of knowledge and belief systems are at the very center of interest. During the last century researchers in both fields crossed their way, engaging in debates that enriched the understanding of ideology as a phenomenon as well as of discourse research. It could even be argued that discourse studies were founded on the shoulders of the giants of ideology research. Francis Bacon’s analysis of idola, left Hegelian critique on religion and inverted consciousness fromMarx, to Lukács, and Gramsci’s notion of hegemony have been highly influential when the linguistic turn in social sciences and humanities lead the research agenda to the specific influence of language for the construction of social perception. Here the work of Louis Althusser has to be mentioned. His theory of ideology can be seen as hinge between Marxist notions of ideology and discourse studies. His focus on ideology as representation of an imaginary relationship and a material reality, or the conceptualization of the constitution of subjects through the semiotic practice of interpellation can be understood as a starting point for the arising multidisciplinary research program of critical discourse studies. Finally, Foucault’s work on discourse, power and subjectivation has inspired contemporary scholars analysing knowledge as a political tool that is forming people’s identities (Foucault 1980). Important inputs came also from Fairclough’s work on the relation of ideology and power (1989) as well as from Laclau and Mouffe’s (1985) radical stance on hegemony and towards the discursive foundations of realities. Neither discourse nor ideology is a particularly well-defined phenomenon. For both, we can easily find a wide range of definitions (see, e.g. Eagleton 1991; Herzog and Ruiz 2019). In contrast to approaches which perceive ideology as immaterial beliefs, in the last decade we observe a return of ideology critique and theories of ideology in social

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The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation (NAMWC) defines the unique style of conservation in the North American continent which is comprised of equal and ethical public access to natural resources that are ostensibly held in trust for them by the state. Since the NAMWC was first articulated as a concept, many wildlife specialists and curriculum developers in North America have adopted the seven tenets of the model as a representation of conservation history and an important component of future management strategies. In an ideological critique of the model, we argue that its narrow stakeholder focus and ideological representation limits both a broader spectrum of citizen involvement in wildlife management decisions and the future applicability of the model due to changing values toward nature. We draw on discourse and hegemony theory to critique written descriptions of the tenets from Geist et al. (2001) and other academic and popular literature addressing the model. We found that the NAMWC focuses its rhetoric on hunters and wildlife management practitioners, but excludes or marginalises non-consumptive users, policy-makers and other conservation practitioners. We argue for a broadening of the philosophical model to accommodate a variety of ideologies and diffuse powerful interests that have built up around the model.

In this paper we explore the nexus of language policy, ideology and power in the linguistic landscape of urban Rwanda. In post-genocide Rwanda, English has been promoted and gained status. This has led to an increased usage of English on shop signs in the streets of Kigali and other towns in Rwanda at the expense of both French and Kinyarwanda. Unique quantitative language data documented in streets before 2008 are in this study compared to data collected in 2018, in the same streets. This forms the background for analysis of official discourse, targeting language policy changes, especially after the 2008 decision to appoint English as the language of administration as well as the medium of instruction throughout the educational system from grade 1 on. This decision was made despite the fact that Rwanda has a national language, Kinyarwanda, known by 99.4 per cent of the population. The analysis shows that political aspects of language policy decisions are downplayed. Officially, both discursively and in practice, the Rwandan government, that is the English speaking elite in power, legitimize their decisions by pretending that imposing English is an inevitable, pragmatic and rational measure for economic development. This narrative reveals ideas about inherent qualities of specific languages while simultaneously discarding others. Additionally, in public discourse all four official languages are equal. Reality is different. In a society where the status language is only acquired through education and used as medium of instruction, power differences and socioeconomic inequalities are neglected and obscured.

Introduction - examining ideology in children's fiction ideology, discourse and narrative fiction readers and subject positions in children's fiction not by words alone - language, intertextuality, society ideology, carnival and interrogative texts primary scenes - the family and picture books contemplating otherness - ideology and historical fiction words of power - fantasy and realism as linguistically constituted modes.

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Television is a penetrating medium, capable of creating false consciousness among the viewers. The present study examines the ideological constructions in Pakistani news bulletin headlines and their impact on the viewers. This research has explicated the ideological constructions through Fairclough’s framework for critical discourse analysis (CDA) by applying it to the electronic media news headlines and comparing three different Pakistani news channels. Extensive text as well as selective intertextual and sociocultural analyses have been carried out along with the assessment of the impact of news headlines on viewers through a questionnaire. The analysis of the news headlines reveal that Pakistani news headlines are infused with varying ideologies and power relations, while the responses of the viewers reveal their dislike for entertainment-oriented, exaggerated, unfair, and moderately informative headlines of news channels. It is hoped that current study would help in the promotion of media literacy among viewers and media authorities in Pakistan.

This study uses a qualitative method with a 3-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis approach to N. Fairclough's model and Pierre Bourdieu's constructive structural theory to dismantle linguistic domination and symbolic power. The object of the research developed; the researcher took an object published in the online media portal owned by Tempo.co with the title "The Reason Luhut Wants to Care for Protect as a Digital Payment Instrument. The researcher aims to dismantle the concept of symbolic power in the discourse of using the PeduliLindungi application as a digital payment instrument, to explain the language process as an instrument of power in the discourse of using the PeduliLindungi application as a digital payment instrument, and to explain the influence of language dominance on a person. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that language is not only a means of communication but in language, there is an ideology and power, from the discourse on the use of the PeduliLindungi application as a means of digital payment using symbolic power and language as an instrument of power. Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan uses language styles such as paralogistic sentences, repetition figureheads, and metaphors to convince and persuade the interlocutor in his language dominance strategy. The social irregularity in the text is the manipulation of information; his argument is in the form of hegemony which gives the impression that the ability to build premium products and the progress of the Indonesian nation is due to digital payments. From text analysis, Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan inserts ideology during the opening ceremony of the peak of Indonesian Creative Works on September 23, 2021. Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan uses his position as Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investments to give his symbolic power.

The main purpose of this paper is to assess the translation quality of a political literary text, i.e. Orwell’s Animal Farm, from the viewpoint of critical discourse analysis (CDA) and explore the degree to which ideology and power relations play major roles in the two Persian translations. Adopting the CDA framework of Van Dijk under Lefevere’s notion of ideology, change and power in literature and society, this paper examined two different English-Persian translations of an excerpt from Animal Farm, The Seven Commandments, to pinpoint the interwoven relation between ideology, change and power and translation. To discover the impact of these phenomena on each other, a detailed contrastive/comparative study at the micro/macro-level in terms of fore/back-grounding mechanisms was conducted to examine, describe and subsequently interpret the patterns in the source text (ST) and its target texts (TTs). The findings of the study illuminated that too significant ideological distortions and manipulation were made in the translations to consider them as adequate translations.

ABSTRACT Ideology analyses play an important role in Cultural Discourse Studies because they investigate complex meaning production within various political systems and power structures. The notion of ideology can be analysed in different dimensions. Whereas Marx and Engels proposed a negative as well as a positive conception of ideology, sociologists such as Mannheim understood ideologies as sets of ideas and general world views. Some scholars in Discourse Studies seem to follow a conception of ideology that is located in-between Mannheim’s conception and Marx’s negative idea of ‘false consciousness’. In this paper we define ideology as a political discourse practice devoted to exerting power and influence. Following Marx’s positive notion, ideology is seen as a modality that regulates the relationship between the subject and a specific system of knowledge related to political action. Here, ideology refers to discourses as knowledge/ power regimes where the political-power aspect is suppressed through the subjectivation process itself. Following Gramsci, Foucault and Lacan, our theoretical framework helps us to analyse ideological discourse practices as different modalities of subjectivation. We propose three types of ideological subjectivation: oppressive forms, normalizing forms and resisting forms. Finally, these forms are illustrated with examples from economic expert discourses from Italy and Germany.

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: To be a successful competitor in economic globalization, Chinese enterprises should not only attach importance to investment interests but also construct a good image. With the rapid development of information technology, the multimodal features of discourse become increasingly obvious. Documentary, a specific reality-based film genre, is produced to communicate with the world through multimodal semiotic resources which has gradually become one of the ways for people to known an enterprise and provides a new research direction for corporate image construction. This paper employs Fairclough's three-dimensional model and Kress and van Leeuwen's Visual Grammar to focus on how multimodal semiotic resources in documentary are employed to make meaning and to reveal the intention and probes into the underlying ideology and power relation, which greatly contributes to the overseas development of Chinese corporate image and national image.

This study examines the use of environmental disclosure as a strategic tool to manage legitimacy crises in a mining company, adopting critical discourse analysis (CDA) as the main methodology. Focusing on a case of environmental disaster, this research reveals how corporate narratives can be manipulated to minimize responsibility and reinforce a positive public image despite operational failures. The analysis found that the communication strategies employed tended to prioritize maintaining organizational legitimacy over a genuine ethical commitment to sustainability. Furthermore, this study proposes a theoretical model for evaluating environmental disclosure based on Kant's categorical imperative and Hans Jonas' principle of co‐responsibility, suggesting that only through the adoption of rigorous ethical practices can the continuous trust of stakeholders be ensured. This study contributes to the debate on ethics in environmental disclosure, emphasizing the need for communicative practices that truly reflect the values of social responsibility and sustainability.

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This study investigates the linguistic and discursive strategies employed in Starbucks’ corporate press release “An Important Update” during a period of organizational restructuring. Drawing on Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis, the study also incorporates Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics and Benoit’s Image Restoration Theory to examine how language is used to construct meaning, manage stakeholder perceptions, and maintain corporate image. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach and analyzes the press release issued by CEO Brian Niccol on September 25, 2025, concerning coffeehouse closures and workforce reductions. The document was purposively selected as the primary corpus and verified through the official Starbucks newsroom and a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Form 8-K filing. The analysis was conducted across textual, discursive practice, and social practice dimensions. The findings indicate that the press release functions as a strategic corporate communication tool rather than merely an informational announcement. At the textual level, modality, pronoun choice, passivization, and euphemistic expressions are employed to reduce perceptions of corporate responsibility and preserve the brand’s customer-centered identity. At the level of discursive practice, the text addresses multiple stakeholder groups simultaneously by balancing transparency with reassurance. At the social practice level, the press release reflects broader neoliberal and customer-centric ideologies that frame organizational contraction as a process of renewal and long-term improvement. The dominant image management strategy identified is corrective action, supported by limited expressions of mortification. This study demonstrates how corporate press releases strategically deploy language to shape public interpretation and reinforce institutional legitimacy during organizational change.

Over the past years, companies have started to focus more on sustainability communication as a tool of expressing the environmental responsibility and improving the trust of the stakeholders. There is a big disparity between the corporate sustainability assertion and real environmental practice, especially through greenwashing. This paper will examine the linguistic practices used in corporate environmental reports in order to find out how sustainability is discursively produced. Based on the qualitative approach based on critical discourse analysis (especially the three-dimensional model by Fairclough), the study will consider a sample of 5-10 corporate sustainability reports of large industries. The analysis reveals some common characteristics like the use of ambiguous lexical decisions, modality and hedging, passive constructions, and positive framing, all of which lead to ambiguity and selective representation. The results indicate that corporate discourse is often more focused on image building as opposed to transparency. The paper ends with the necessity of more transparent, responsible practices of sustainability communication to decrease the difference between the discourse and the real environmental performance.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how language (choice) in CSR reports of leading oil companies in Nigeria is used to portray an image of “responsible organisation”. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws insights from communication studies (persuasion theory) and critical discourse analysis (CDA) studies to discursively unpack all those subtle and visible, yet equally invisible, linguistic strategies (micro-level elements): wording (single words), phrases and chains of words (clauses/sentences). These linguistic strategies (micro-level elements) proxy organisational discourses (meso-level elements), which are reflective of wider social practices (macro-level elements). The authors base the investigation on CSR reports of six leading oil companies in Nigeria from 2009 to 2012. Findings The findings of this study reveal that (leading) Nigerian oil companies linguistically use CSR reports to persuasively construct and portray the image of “responsible organisation” in the eyes of wider stakeholders (the communities) despite serious criticism of their corporate (ir) responsibility. Originality/value As opposed to the previous content analysis based studies, this paper contributes to the emerging stream of CDA studies on CSR reporting by providing a finer-grained linguistic analytical schema couched in Fairclough’s (2003) approach to CDA (and persuasion theory). This helps to unravel how persuasive language/discourse of responsible organisation is enacted and reproduced. The authors thus respond to the calls for theoretical plurality in CSR reporting research by introducing persuasion theory from communication studies literature which has hitherto been rarely applied.

Sharia Supervisory Board Reports (SSBRs) have an interest in convincing the public that entities supervised by a Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) are sharia-compliant and reflective of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) practices. Failure in public convincing will be detrimental to Islamic banks’ reputation as well as the SSB’s image and credibility. This study aimed to critically assess how the SSB produces reports as texts to persuade the public using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). We analyzed four SSBRs from two Islamic Commercial Banks (ICBs) and two Islamic Business Units (IBUs) owned by other ICBs as well as interviews for data triangulation. We employed three of Halliday’s CDA structures for data analysis: text as microstructure as well as the context of situation and the context of culture as macrostructure. The results are as follows. First, microstructure analysis on SSB members’ performance and personality shows that language practices used to build their character and positive image at semantic and syntactic levels are in place. Second, the context of situation trilogy reveals that the SSB only focuses on language compiling practices to direct readers into a desired direction while maintaining its existence and legitimacy. Third, the context of culture indicates that the SSBRs become more concerned with formality than substance, annexing a manipulative potential on reality. Also, it is identified that the SSBRs serve only as a fullfilment of regulations or internationally applied guidelines of SSB roles.

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Drawing on the theory of Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA), this paper explores the language use in the strategic part of Tesco’s corporate annual report. By focusing on both visual and verbal modes employed in the selected text, the paper not only discusses their discursive features separately, but also investigates how they work as a whole in conveying the integrated messages and reflecting the ideology of the speakers. In addition, it adopts a new framework to further dig out the social issues and power relations hidden behind the discourse from three different layers. The main finding is: the text producers of the annual report intend to create a positive image of Tesco and narrow the relationship with their target readers via the employment of discursive strategies. Keywords—Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis; nonverbal language; visual grammar; annual report

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New energy vehicle enterprises have developed rapidly and their buildings of CSR images are in the spotlight. Tesla Incorporation (Tesla) in the United States and BYD Company Limited (BYD) in China are the top two worldwide electric car sellers, and their image constructions have attracted much attention. This paper adopts the corpus-based critical discourse analysis research method to analyse these two giant enterprises’ Corporate Social Responsibility Reports (CSR Reports) from 2018 to 2021 to examine how they construct their CSR images through the use of different linguistic features. It also discusses the influencing factors underlying them. This study finds that due to the differences in culture, tradition, and economy. BYD has created a pragmatic, innovative, management-oriented, law-abiding, people-centred, environmentally friendly and national-belonging CSR image, while Tesla has created an international CSR image that is confident, strong, powerful, product-oriented and highly skilled. It is hoped that this study may deepen the understanding of new energy vehicles' CSR images and offer some CSR image-building advice for other companies.

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This article proposes a typology of strategies and tactics of legitimation. The linguistic interpretation of the concepts of “legitimacy” and “legitimation”, developed in the article, is based on the following theoretical sources: on the notions of legitimacy and discursive mechanisms for its maintenance, established in the humanities; to the work of linguists studying the discursive mechanisms of legitimation in line with critical discourse analysis (CDA); to the works of domestic discourses, which analyze the means of ensuring credibility and trust in the discourse (V.B. Kashkin, N.S. Ryadovaya, A.A. Malyshev). Following the CDA experts, the author understands legitimation as discursive practices (genres, strategies and tactics) of ensuring a positive attitude of society to a social actor and its discourse. The material used was 120 corporate texts posted on the websites of companies, in corporate publications, in image booklets, and image and information materials of companies posted in the media were also used. A pragmalinguistic analysis of the texts of commercial and state structures allowed the author of the article to identify the key strategies of legitimation, describe tactics, language means of implementing one of the basic strategies of legitimation – the strategy of positive self-presentation. In general, the analysis of the texts showed that the CD uses two main strategies to ensure legitimation: the strategy of creating images of loyal target audiences (external and internal) and the strategy of building a positive image of the corporation itself. The article focuses on the second strategy, on the tactics and language means of its implementation. A wide range of identified tactics testifies to the importance of the legitimation process for corporations. It was also found that most of the texts providing legitimation relate to PR texts, which allows us to conclude that discursive PR practices are standard ways to ensure legitimation.

This article examines the practice of greenwashing in the sustainability reports of three major palm oil companies in Southeast Asia: PT A, PT B, and PT C. Employing the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach developed by Fairclough, this study analyzes the 2024 sustainability reports of these companies to identify the diction, discursive structures, and ideologies reproduced through corporate narratives. The findings reveal notable similarities in the use of symbolic language such as “zero deforestation,” “100% traceability,” and “net zero emission”, which are presented without methodological transparency or the inclusion of counter-narratives from civil society. Each of these companies constructs sustainability discourse as a tool for reputation and legitimacy rather than as a genuine instrument for ecological and social transformation. This article recommends a reformulation of sustainability reporting to be more reflective and accountable, incorporating risk disclosure, third-party audits, and the voices of affected communities.

Rooted in the theoretical perspective of impression management, and drawing on the critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach, this study analyzes whether and how the Italian state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) in the energy sector over the period 2020–2023 use persuasive language strategies in their annual reports to portray the image of a “ digital‐oriented organization ,” which may generate significant competitive advantage, as it responds to new stakeholders’ needs and trends in industry practices. While digitalization issues are crucial in this sector, the Italian scenario offers a unique setting to investigate this matter due to the ongoing deregulation policies and national initiatives that are fostering digitalization and increasing the industry's competitiveness. The findings reveal that Italian SOEs align with an interplay of persuasive linguistic strategies in their corporate reports, which may convey their digital engagement signaling commitment to digitalization, enhancing organizational legitimacy, and rationalizing decisions about digital transformation choices. Additionally, the analysis shows that digital and sustainability discourses often intertwine, revealing how companies may amplify their alignment with socio‐environmental goals through the strategic convergence of narratives. This study extends CDA applications to the underexplored domain of digitalization discourse, offering a theoretically grounded lens to interpret how impression management unfolds in state‐influenced and market‐exposed contexts. From a practical standpoint, the findings can help investors critically interpret corporate narratives, guide policymakers in refining novel reporting frameworks, and support companies in aligning disclosure strategies with stakeholder expectations in increasingly competitive and accountability‐driven environments.

This study presents a corpus-based comparison of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) statements between annual reports and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. Using a corpus of 209 CEO statements from annual reports and CSR reports of Chinese companies, this study employs the Discourse-Historical Approach of critical discourse analysis to investigate the nomination strategies and key topics in these two related reports. The results showed that corporate leaders tend to have different priorities in annual reports and CSR reports. In annual reports, corporate leaders highlight the economic and pragmatic concerns of stakeholders to create a professionally capable and objective corporate image. In CSR reports, corporate leaders highlight the ethical concerns of stakeholders to create a socially responsible corporate image and adopt a more engaging and affiliative voice through the use of first-person pronouns. This study has significance in understanding the differences in the related genres of annual reports and CSR reports for the stakeholders.

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In recent decades, multinational platform companies – so-called ‘big tech’ – have made major efforts to strengthen their environmental sustainability in the face of the climate crisis. Indeed, because of their accumulated power, these companies can be seen to be subject to significant societal and environmental obligations. Yet, we know little about the ways in which the companies address these obligations in their corporate discourses. Using a combination of computer-assisted text mining and qualitative text analysis of corporate blogs, we studied how platform companies’ public communication on the climate crisis and their discursive legitimation strategies have developed over a 20-year period. Our findings show how the platform companies become self-proclaimed ‘climate leaders’ who seek to expand their socio-economic power by engaging in a widening range of actions and partnerships and presenting themselves as mobilisers in climate change mitigation and adaptation. Climate leadership is constructed through four discursive positions – corporate sustainability pioneer, product and service provider, partner and innovator, all based on the expertise and exceptional capabilities the platform companies envision themselves having.

Abstract Negative social and environmental consequences caused by corporate activities (e.g., workplace incidents, oil spills, and product-related accidents) can significantly affect the success and survival of a business. When there is bad news to report, how will companies handle the information disclosure? This paper examines discursive strategies UK and Chinese Fortune 500 companies used for communicating negative aspects in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. Based on 50 UK and 50 Chinese CSR reports, the study shows how companies legitimize the bad news via the strategies of Denial, Deflection, Mitigation and Admission. Two major differences were observed in the legitimation efforts made by Chinese and UK companies: i) almost all legitimation strategies were more frequently found in UK reports, and ii) UK reports mobilized a wider range of linguistic and rhetorical resources for realizing the strategies. The paper discusses the results by considering cultural, social, and organizational factors that may shape CSR discourse in the two countries. Findings add to the understanding of crisis communication and image repair strategies used by large corporations and the genre of CSR reporting in different cultures.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports are important non-financial disclosures that provide insights into an enterprise’s commitment to social and environmental responsibilities. With the escalation of global environmental challenges, the focus on the disclosure of environmental responsibility information within CSR reports has intensified. As CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation) is an environmentally sensitive corporation, this study investigates the legitimation strategies utilized in the environmental discourse of the CNPC’s English CSR Report of 2022, aiming to understand how CNPC constructs its legitimacy in sustainable development for international audience. The findings reveal that: (1) five principal legitimation strategies are employed—authorization, moralization, rationalization, mythopoesis, and altruism—with rationalization as the dominant strategy, representing 65.45% of all cases; (2) these strategies are grounded in diverse sources of legitimacy, such as collective authority and moral values, and are manifested through distinct lexical and syntactic choices; (3) these legitimation strategies constructs an authoritative and credible corporate eco-friendly image for CNPC. These findings contribute to the understanding of legitimation strategies in institutional environmental discourse and offer practical implications for enterprises aiming to enhance their international reputations in sustainable development and facilitate global expansion.

This thesis is a qualitative critical discourse and multimodal analysis of Enbridge’s “Gateway Facts” website – an online discourse created to offer information regarding their Northern Gateway Pipeline project proposed in western Canada. A controversial project, Enbridge, like other oil corporations, has been forced to devote significant time and energy to justify and promote this pipeline. The website’s discursive strategies reveal four discursive themes used to legitimate the NGP: economic development, scientific and technical expertise, environmental stewardship, and industry leadership. This type of corporate legitimation may be a reflection of the broader ideology of late capitalism’s struggle to justify controversial practices at a time when environmental protection is a priority and public attitudes and understandings of corporate responsibility are shifting. This thesis underscores the importance of critical studies of corporate discourse, especially that offered online, as it has the potential to highlight the ideological underpinnings of corporations and their actions.

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This study examines the textual and visual discourse relating to sustainability initiatives on the websites of three of the world’s largest fossil fuel companies, namely BP, Shell and TotalEnergies. The study’s conceptual underpinnings draw on what is advanced in scholarship on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Multimodal critical discourse analysis is the approach used, with a focus on the legitimation practices by the companies. The findings show that their actions are discursively constructed as compatible with efforts to achieve sustainability, and function to justify the continued use of fossil fuels into the foreseeable future. The use of stock imagery depicting people in generic roles and recognisable environmental symbols support what is communicated textually. I argue that this conveys generic empathy, which lacks substance and contradicts the current scientific consensus that fossil fuel exploitation needs to be phased out as a matter of urgency to slow life-threatening climate change.

This paper explores how six major technology companies: Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, NVIDIA, Google, and Meta address the environmental implications of their artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure through their discourse in different genres of official documents. The research draws on corporate texts, including sustainability reports, executive keynotes, shareholder letters, and regulatory filings, along with independent evidence from non-corporate sources. The research investigates three questions. First, it examines how rhetorical strategies vary by communication genre and target audience. Second, it assesses how temporal deferral functions as a means of legitimation across the dataset. Finally, it evaluates whether discursive confidence enabled by temporal deferral correlates with weaker material emissions performance across the sample. Utilising inductive discourse analysis grounded in sociotechnical imaginaries (Jasanoff & Kim, 2009, 2015); the sociology of expectations (Brown & Michael, 2003; Borup et al., 2006); and Crawford's (2021) materialistic critique of computation, the findings indicate a consistent dual narrative structure: an outward-looking promissory register (performed primarily through keynote addresses and shareholder letters) that represents AI as an active ecological actor, and an inward-looking defensive register (limited to regulatory filings) that re-classifies those same obligations as non binding legal risks. Further comparative analysis of this two-register structure against the 2020-2024 emissions trajectories for each corporation indicates a striking asymmetry. Building on prior use of the term"technowashing" (Perakslis, 2020; Ribeiro & Soromenho-Marques, 2022), this paper refines this concept within climate-AI discourse by analyzing its reliance on uncolonized future times where Big Tech uses speculative promises about a future humans have not reached yet to shape the present debate(Brown & Michael, 2003). It argues that this temporal deferral does not merely exaggerate claims; rather, it allows AI-driven promissory discourse to expand alongside rising rates of material extraction, rather than emissions being reduced by tech solutions.

The increasing reliance on technological innovation in addressing environmental challenges has generated discourses that position technology as a primary solution to ecological crises. While such technological optimism may encourage innovation, excessive emphasis on technological solutions may downplay the social, behavioural, and institutional responsibilities required for effective environmental conservation. This study investigated the discursive construction of technological optimism in corporate environmental communication among listed corporations in Kenya. The study adopted an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design. A purposive cross-sectoral sample of 36 corporate environmental reports was selected for analysis. Quantitative textual analysis was conducted using AntConc version 4.3.2 to examine word frequencies, collocations, and lexical patterns associated with technology, while qualitative discourse analysis was subsequently used to interpret the identified patterns. The analysis was guided by Critical Discourse Analysis and the ecolinguistic framework. The findings showed that technological optimism was constructed through positive evaluations of technology, quantification of technological interventions, the use of technical vocabulary, and future-oriented and hope-based language. The qualitative analysis further revealed that technology was predominantly represented as a solution to environmental challenges and that technological optimism was reproduced through interdiscursive practices and narratives of hope. These discursive patterns presented corporations as proactive environmental actors while simultaneously shifting attention towards technological solutions and away from broader questions of corporate environmental responsibility. The study concludes that technological optimism in corporate environmental communication can shape perceptions of ecological sustainability by foregrounding technological solutions while potentially obscuring the social and institutional responsibilities associated with environmental protection. The findings contribute to ecolinguistic research by extending its application to corporate environmental communication and demonstrate the importance of examining how linguistic choices influence representations of environmental responsibility. The study recommends the adoption of ecolinguistic audits of corporate environmental communication to identify and minimise narratives that promote technological solutions without clearly articulating measurable and ecologically sustainable goals.

This paper explores discourse strategies in environmental reporting (ER) adopted by Saudi listed companies as a response to changes in stakeholder demands, and how these strategies are used to persuade stakeholders of the firm’s legitimacy. Guided by the legitimacy theory and persuasion strategies framework, the contents of annual reports and stand-alone sustainability reports published between 2015 and 2023 (N = 42) by three selected cases of listed companies in three different sectors are analysed using critical discourse analysis (CDA) to understand firm strategic communication response to various stakeholder demands. Analysis revealed the use of (1) relative clauses as linking devices, (2) transitional words and phrases to present results and (3) quantifying noun determiner phrases. The results of the CDA highlighted that (1) corporations that make more transparent environmental disclosures in their ER adopt mental, relational and material processes; (2) the discourse featured in such reporting operates at both the macro and meso levels by highlighting the relevant organisational, national and global aspects of their environmental efforts; (3) firms that have adopted GRI standards tend to seek to change their readers’ minds regarding the value of their environmental efforts aiming to secure stakeholder engagement and diminish risks While their ISO-adopter counterparts manage their reputation by seeking to shape their readers’ responses; (4) hard disclosure seeks to shape and alter readers’ perceptions of firms’ environmental efforts by including evidence. The paper contributes to the environmental accounting (EA) literature by using CDA to explore how discourse is used by sensitive industries to persuade stakeholders and maintain legitimacy. Second, it contributes to the CDA research methods literature in the context of environmental reporting, where the English language is not the main language of local stakeholders. It is hoped that the study’s tentative integration of Nwagbara and Belal’s (2019) analytical approach with Jowett and O’Donnell’s (2012) persuasion strategies framework will enhance the CDA-based literature on ER produced by corporations in emerging economies such as Saudi Arabia (SA).

Abstract Ecological identity involves all aspects of how individuals or collectives identify themselves with nature. This paper aims to examine the discursive construction of corporate ecological identities in corporate sustainability reports in China and evaluate how these identities are legitimated through the lens of ecolinguistic discourse analysis. Our data was drawn from a collection of English-language sustainability reports of Huawei Technologies Corporation (2016–2020). The findings suggest a mix of ecological identities across all texts, among which stewarding nature dominates and it relates to the belief that humans are obligated to steward nature for the sake of sustainability. These ecological identities are discursively legitimized in terms of defining characteristics, social roles, and community memberships. Innovativeness, leadership and ethicalness are legitimated as the corporation’s dominant characteristics which serve as moral identity standards, allowing further legitimation of the social roles and community memberships that the corporation claims. In the case of social roles, green manufacturing depends on green technologies, and both of them point to the instrumentality and rightness of technology in advancing sustainability. These construals uncover the ecological sustainability in the Chinese cultural context, that is, achieving the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. In legitimizing community memberships, hierarchical relationships between the corporation and other participants are revealed.

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ABSTRACT The hydrocarbon wealth and rentier economies of West Asian and North African countries long defined the perception of regime durability of the region. While the age of oil and gas is not over, the reality of the climate crisis hit a region deeply shaped by hydrocarbon revenues. Diversification strategies and adaptation to the region’s strong vulnerabilities to climate change effects have come into the limelight of international political and scientific debates. Within this momentum, the Kingdom of Morocco successfully positioned itself as a regional pioneer in embracing the shift to renewable energy resources and environmental preservation, a move that paid in praise from international partners and phenomenal scores in sustainability rankings: “Sustainability” has become a recognition feature of Moroccan domestic and foreign policy narratives, despite the immense obstacles that the country faces in its implementation. Using in-depth discourse analysis of the Moroccan monarch’s speeches on matters of climate change, environmentalism, and sustainability between 2007 and 2023, we dissect the regime’s efforts to fabricate this narrative of sustainability. Contributing to a greater understanding of positive framing as legitimation attempts in autocracies, we analyse the rhetorical use of “environmental sustainability” as a tool for legitimation and international integration of an authoritarian regime.

Cultural discourse about the environment informs how cultures interact and consider the natural world. Cultural discourse can be interpreted in terms of its underpinning philosophies. These discourses also inform such documents as the corporate environmental report. As such, corporate environmental reporting sits at the junction between western environmental philosophy, cultural discourse and the environmental impact of corporations. By articulating the relationship between the corporation and the natural world, corporate environmental reporting implicitly draws from western attitudes towards nature in its discourse. In order to explore these underpinning values, this thesis examines the corporate relationship with nature through the lens of western environmental philosophy. A historical review of western environmental philosophy demonstrates how three primary themes have informed the western relationship with nature over time: dualism, transcendence and interconnectivity. These themes have played important roles in guiding cultural understandings of nature, and consequently, they are also evident in articulations of the corporate relationship with the natural world. Because this thesis aims to examine the corporate relationship with the natural world, a methodology which is able to dissect the underpinning philosophies was required. As such, a critical discourse analysis is adopted, which closely examines the environmental reports of a purposive sample of reporting companies. This analysis is supported by a parallel critical discourse analysis of semi-structured interviews with the senior environmental management of each of these companies. The application of these methods found that the dominant environmental philosophy utilised in the corporate environmental reports analysed was dualism, followed by interconnectivity, with only a fraction of the reports drawing from a transcendent approach. Since transcendence is a dominant theme in contemporary western cultural discourse, it’s absence points towards the calculative use of dualism in an attempt to obfuscate and control the perception of environmental damage caused by the company, in part through creating an illusion of distance between the company and nature. If corporations have only a tenuous link to the natural world, their care of it is arbitrary. This makes corporate environmental care appear to be a superfluous activity, rather than integral to the health of the world which we – and other members of our biotic community – are utterly reliant on. The major findings of this thesis reveal how corporations communicate about and relate to the natural environment. While organisations may be reporting on the topics required, how they are communicating is problematic, in that it masks an antagonism towards the natural world by perpetuating the idea that its care is arbitrary. Discourse plays an important role in constructing, maintaining or eroding normative ethical restraints which are shared within a culture. This means that if a cultural discourse were to place a high value on the natural world, those within that culture would implicitly consider it ethically wrong to harm it – ethical restraints would be strong. The findings of this thesis are important since they demonstrate that corporate communications erode normative restraints against environmental harm. This erosion is twofold, since it not only reduces the perception of the company’s own responsibility, but also contributes to the erosion of broader cultural restraints against the harmful treatment of nature. The corporate environmental reports analysed in this thesis perpetuate the message that humans (and corporations) are separate and distinct from nature, and as such there is little reason to restrict its harm. Since the current science points towards the need for radical changes in human (and corporate) behaviour, particularly in the West, then these reports are masking a harmful underlying antagonism towards the natural world which contributes to its injury. By exploring the discourse of corporate environmental reporting, this thesis builds from and contributes to the extant accounting and environmental philosophy literature, as well as more broadly contributing to the understanding of environmental philosophy’s impact on the western view of nature.

Ecological image is an important aspect of a country's overall national image. To investigate the self- and other-shaped ecological image of China, this study has built corpus of Chinese and western news articles on China's “dual carbon goals” and conducted quantitative and qualitative discourse analysis under the discourse-historical approach from the perspective of major topics, intertextuality and discursive strategies. Findings show that China is generally constructed as a big responsible country in global green agenda, but there is still room for improving its capacity for image discursive construction to do better justice to its ecological endeavors.

This paper, grounded in the theory of Harmonious Discourse Analysis, conducts an empirical study of Qinghai Province’s ecological policy texts by integrating corpus linguistics methods such as high-frequency word statistics and collocation analysis. The study reveals that Qinghai’s ecological discourse, under the coordinated guidance of the principles of conscience, proximity, and constraint, manifests three construction paths: cultural-driven, institutional authority, and public participation. These paths reflect the discourse’s composite functions in shaping cultural identity, political legitimacy, and social mobilization. Together, they form a multidimensional discursive framework for regional ecological communication and offer practical insights for optimizing government discourse and communication strategies.

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The traditional definition of party image as being distinct, fixed, and receiver-determined, has been replaced by the understanding that party image is invested with more dynamic and complex features and is dialectically constructed by discourse to influence public perceptions. By adopting Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model of critical discourse analysis, this study explores party images and how they are discursively constructed in CPC’s political discourse on ecological civilization. The discourse analysis reveals that five images have prominently been constructed: the goal-setter of future blueprints, lesson-taker of past development pattern, the coordinator of ecology and economy, the determined fighter against environmental disruption, and the systematic governor of ecological path. They are constructed through varying linguistic devices such as recontextualization, high-frequency repetition, and conceptual metaphors. The images and their construction are born out of the social cognition, the outcome of political system, changes of historical conditions, economic status, and cultural model, among which the emerging Chinese ideology of ‘moderate green’, and the consistent ideologies man is an integral part of nature (天人合一, tian ren he yi), Doctrine of the Mean (中庸之道, zhongyong zhidao), people-centeredness, and collectivism play a dominant role. This study helps find the fluidity of party images.

Marine environmental reporting by China’s mainstream media is an important subject for research on the self-construction of national ecological image. This paper takes marine environmental reports from China Daily and other mainstream media between 2015 and 2025 as examples, establishing a specialized corpus. By integrating Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and corpus methods, this paper analyzes the lexical and grammatical features of high-frequency ecological vocabulary from the dimensions of text, discourse, and social practice. The study finds that through lexical selection and narrative logic, China’s mainstream media successfully constructs a tripartite national ecological image as a “responsible governor”, a “practitioner of sustainable development”, and a “global cooperation contributor”. This research fills a gap in the study of national ecological image in the context of marine ecology discourse to some extent, providing theoretical reference and data support for enhancing China’s international discourse power in marine ecological governance and optimizing marine environmental communication strategies.

A corpus-based critical discourse analysis of Xinhua News Agency materials from 2020 to 2024 is devoted to the media’s representation of Russia’s climate policy. The aim of the study is to fill a gap in existing scientific works, which mainly focus on Russia’s climate policy from the point of view of international relations or environmental sciences, ignoring the systematic analysis of media discourse in formation “climatic identity” of Russia. Utilizing the Factiva database, a specialized corpus was compiled and analyzed via AntConc 3.5.9, applying Fairclough’s three-dimensional critical discourse analysis framework (textual, discursive, and social practice levels). Findings reveal that Chinese media consistently portray Russia as a strategic partner in climate governance, emphasizing international cooperation, economic development, policy measures, ecological conservation, and energy transition. The positive framing aligns with China’s national climate strategy and reflects Russia’s growing geopolitical influence as both a major emitter and carbon sink. The study contributes to understanding how media discourse constructs cross-border ecological narratives, offering insights into the interplay between national policies, global climate governance norms, and Sino-Russian strategic relations.

The subject of this study is the types of conceptual metaphors in the ecological speeches of China's President Xi Jinping. The object of research is the specific roles of conceptual metaphors. The author delves into 15 types of metaphors found in Xi Jinping's speeches, among which anthropomorphic metaphors (mainly reflecting the relationship between humans and nature, the various roles of developed and developing countries in global environmental governance), road metaphors (mainly depicting the correct path of multilateralism in environmental protection), construction metaphors (mainly highlighting the central role of the United Nations in global environmental governance and China's specific work on ecological construction), and others can be distinguished. Special attention is given to the reflection of President Xi Jinping's intentions through the use of metaphorical means in ecological texts. Within the framework of this study, the MIP metaphor identification procedure was used, and a corpus of 22 speeches delivered by Xi Jinping at various environmental forums and summits from 2013 to 2024 was analyzed. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the study of Xi Jinping's ecological texts from the perspective of national image formation. Based on the generalization of the national image formed through metaphors in Xi Jinping's international ecological speeches, the following three key aspects were highlighted: 1) China's image as a country that shows care for people and holds the correct view of nature and ecology; 2) China's image as a responsible great power that seeks to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global environmental governance and take on the challenging tasks of environmental governance; 3) China's image as a country adhering to an eco-centric international system based on international law, and supporting the order of global environmental governance.

Combining Fairclough's three-dimensional analysis framework and KH coder, the critical discourse analysis of environmental reports in the Japanese version of People's Daily Online examines the construction of China's national image in terms of text, discursive practice and social practice. It is found that environmental reports in People's Daily Online focus on technological innovation and energy development, China's ecological achievements, and its participation in global environmental governance, and reported speech is widely used to enhance the authenticity of the reports, constructing the image of China as a leader in innovation, a prominent ecological achievement, and an insistence on win-win co-operation. In order to better fulfil its function as a media for propaganda to Japan, the reports can appropriately increase the content of life narratives and the use of direct speech.

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Ever-growing urbanization, unsustainable consumption, and industrialization continue to cause severe environmental effects and accelerate ecological degradation. In response, cities have increasingly started utilizing green-economy focused initiatives to enhance their urban image and appeal to a growing number of environmentally conscious visitors. Therefore, discourses of environmental responsibility and ecological modernization remain critical in counteracting ineffective passive environmental protection and societal attitudes. This study aims to identify and scrutinize the eco-linguistic aspects of such 'environmental responsibility' urban discourse in several polluted European cities. In particular, it seeks to examine the discourse construction of environmental responsibility appeals and determine whether individual or collective environmental action is legitimated thereby. Results show environmental responsibility urban discourse as progressively transitioning from focusing on effects and consequences to emphasizing opportunities and solutions. The study is important in providing mitigation strategies to foster global discourses of sustainability and translate environmental responsibility discourses into local programs of action to effectively address urban pollution and the challenges of civic environmentalism.

This study investigates how the goals of the Green Saudi Initiative (GSI) are communicated through multimedia, with a specific focus on the promotional video From Ambition to Action. Besides, it explores how verbal, visual, and musical modes interact to construct ecological values, evoke emotional engagement, and promote pro-environmental behavior among diverse audiences. Grounded in Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and Martinec and Salway’s (2005) framework of inter-semiotic relations, the analysis examines how ideational meanings, interpersonal positioning, and textual coherence are realized across multiple semiotic resources. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between language and image, interpreting how these modes complement, enhance, or expand one another in the layered construction of environmental meaning. The study reveals how the video strategically employs cohesive multimodal strategies—such as metaphor, emotional tone, and symbolic imagery—to enhance its persuasive impact, establish national identity, and align ecological messaging with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and global sustainability goals. In doing so, it highlights the potential of multimodal discourse to foster public understanding, inspire emotional resonance, and encourage behavioral transformation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of environmental communication and offer practical insights for the design of more effective educational and advocacy campaigns tailored to the cultural and ecological context of Saudi Arabia.

The problem of conservation of biological diversity is considered from the standpoint of social constructionism. The process of problematization of the scientific term «biodiversity» in various socio-cultural discourses and contexts is presented. It is shown that the topic of biological diversity is brought to the forefront of social problems as an act of institutional and collective behavior. A discursive analysis of the construction of the problems of reducing biological species as one of the main existential threats to humanity is carried out. The transformation of the socio-ecological agenda is traced in the coordinates of the topic of biodiversity. The article describes the formation of a discourse on the problematic nature of biodiversity in the context of urbanization. The ranges of the formulation of the problem of the «war of cities with animal species for territory» as a field of scientific and social constructs have been studied. The article examines the construction of the image of the struggle for the conservation of biological diversity at different stages and levels of social construction. The results of a questionnaire study of social perceptions on the topic of biodiversity among students of relevant specialties and casual visitors to parks and green areas of Kazan are analyzed.

Publicity documentaries play an important role in shaping the image of one country during the international communication.Seasons of China is a publicity documentary introducing the traditional Chinese culture 24 solar terms.Under the guidance of the framework of Harmonious Discourse Analysis, this thesis uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the harmonious discourse of this documentary based on the transitivity system.The research finds that the discourse of Seasons of China conveys the China's ecological concept of respecting, following and protecting the nature, while telling the stories of Chinese traditional culture 24 solar terms, highlighting the image of China as a responsible country for ecological civilization construction.

Environmental issues are gradually extending beyond natural sciences to fields such as economy, politics and culture. As an important component of a country's "soft power", environmental image has also become a bargaining chip in the game of national comprehensive power discourse. This article uses the software CiteSpace as a research tool to visually analyze the core literature related to China's environmental image included in CNKI from 2010 to 2021, and to sort out and summarize its research focuses and frontiers. The results show that there have been abundant research results on national image in the academic community, but there is relatively little research on the specific issue of environmental image; Research often takes the interpretation of China's environmental image in the eyes of Western media as an analytical perspective, lacking comparative research on the differences between China's environmental image construction domestic and overseas; Ecological civilization, discourse power, and image construction are future research trends; Further exploration on how to build a harmonious and positive national environmental image is inspired.

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Teun A. van Dijk’s Elite Discourse and Racism (1993) revolutionized the study of ideology by framing racism as a linguistic, cognitive, and institutional system rather than a biological or emotional bias. This article revisits Van Dijk’s Triadic Model of Discourse–Cognition–Society across the historical continuum of South Asia touching the colonial past to the digital present, to trace how linguistic and ideological hierarchies evolve yet persist through discourse. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach, this study connects colonial-era newspapers (The Times of India, The Civil and Military Gazette, The Statesman) with contemporary South Asian media, policies, and digital communication (2023–2025). The analysis demonstrates that discursive racism has transitioned from overt imperial rhetoric to symbolic and moralized language. In colonial times, English-language newspapers framed domination as “civilization”; in postcolonial South Asia, nationalist and bureaucratic discourses reproduce exclusion under slogans like “unity,” “integration,” or “merit.” In the digital present, hashtags, tweets, and political speeches continue to naturalize linguistic hierarchies through the moral grammar of patriotism. By integrating Van Dijk’s Triadic Model with postcolonial and decolonial theory, the paper argues that modern racism in South Asia is not about color but about control of meaning, the power to define belonging and legitimacy through discourse. It concludes that decolonizing communication systems, curricula, and digital platforms is essential to disrupt the recursive cycle of linguistic domination that connects empire to modernity.

 Poverty in the digital era is not just an economic phenomenon, but a social construct that is massively produced through public discourse on social media Twitter (X). However, most of the previous research still focused on mass media reporting and political public opinion, without linking the ideology of digital poverty discourse with concrete language communication recommendations for institutions or media. To fill this gap, this study aims to describe the representation of poverty through text structure, analyze social cognition and the social context behind it, and formulate recommendations for non-stigmatic language communication. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the Teun A. van Dijk Critical Discourse Analysis model, applied to 15 Twitter posts (X) for the 2026 period selected through purposive sampling techniques. The results of the analysis show three constructions of poverty, namely structural poverty (60%), absolute poverty (26.67%), and relative poverty (13.33%), with structural poverty dominating the discourse through criticism of regulations, policies, and economic-political systems. Based on these findings, this study formulates  recommendations for rights-based language communication and the framing of empowered subjects (agency) as practical guidelines for the media and public institutions. This finding confirms that the discourse on poverty on Twitter (X) is full of ideological content that requires a transformation of diction and framing so as not to perpetuate stigma against vulnerable communities, as well as offering evidence-based communication references for the field of media discourse and social policy studies.

This study examines the representation of the ideology of power in disaster management in the Japanese drama Japan Sinks: People of Hope using Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis framework. The study focuses on three analytical dimensions: text structure, social cognition, and social context. This qualitative descriptive research uses dialogues from all eight episodes of the drama as the data source. Data were collected through observation and note-taking techniques and analyzed using Van Dijk’s threedimensional  model. The findings show that the ideology of power is represented through textual structures that consistently position the government as the primary authority in managing disaster situations. At the level of social cognition, the government, scientists, media, and the public construct different mental models, knowledge, attitudes, and ideologies toward disaster management. At the level of social context, the interaction among these social groups demonstrates that disaster management functions not only as a response to natural hazards but also as a discursive arena where political legitimacy, information control, and public perception are negotiated. This study contributes to Critical Discourse Analysis by explaining how audiovisual discourse reproduces the ideology of power in contemporary Japanese disaster narratives.  

Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology initiate Merdeka Belajar (Independent Learning) policy since 2020 to improve education quality. Education holds a crucial role in human capital development of nation to respond structural transformation challenges, global industrial revolution, and disruptive changes in many dimensions of human life. Indonesian education quality still needs to be improved, since the Indonesia 2018 PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) rank in lower quartile compare with other 78 countries. Nadiem Makariem, the Education, Culture, Research and Technology minister, convey the discourse about Independent Learning through Endgame podcast series 113, hosted by Gita Wirjawan, an Indonesian investment banker, entrepreneur, philanthropist, and former Indonesian minister of trade. This study aims to analyse the podcast uses Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach to demystify ideology behind the policy through critical analysis of language, cognition, and social-cultural context, from macro (context) to micro (social cognition, ideology) level. Freire’s pedagogy of freedom and Bourdieu’s concept about social structure of educational system used as a framework. This study found that Independent Learning policy strive to break the social domination of banking education system that already practiced in Indonesian education and resulting in low quality of education that withheld the competitive index of Indonesian human capital. Symbolic violence and power in the education bureaucracy system hinder the implementation of the Independent Learning policy in Indonesian schools and universities, leading to resistance among stakeholders.

Novels serve not only as entertainment but also as a reflection of the social dynamics, power structures, and ideologies of their time. Research on the novel Namaku Alam has been limited to studies in literary sociology and psychology, so few have critically examined the construction of power and ideology through language. This study aims to analyze the construction of power and ideology in the novel Namaku Alam by Leila S. Chudori. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using the critical discourse analysis model of Teun A. Van Dijk. The research data consists of quotations of words, sentences, dialogues, and paragraphs that contain elements of power and ideology. The results of the study indicate that (1) at the textual level, three dominant discourses are constructed: power as a tool for manipulating history, the stigmatization of anti-communist ideology as an instrument of social control, and corruption as a naturalized status symbol; (2) at the social cognition dimension, the author reflects a critical-humanist ideology through counter-hegemonic narratives to reclaim collective memory from state power; (3) at the social context dimension, the historical New Order serves as an active force shaping the state’s repressive practices while simultaneously opening spaces for resistance. The conclusion of this study affirms that the novel not only records history but also functions as social criticism and a tool for deconstructing dominant discourse.

This study examined how The New York Times and Al Jazeera frame the Iranian rial collapse through Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis. The problem addressed is how news discourse constructs social cognition and ideology in reporting a financial crisis. The research aims to analyze the realization of macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure in the selected news texts and to identify how these textual elements shape representations of responsibility, victimhood, and policy responses. Using a qualitative-descriptive method, the study analyzes headlines, leads, lexical choices, syntax, and rhetorical strategies from articles published between December 2025 and January 2026. The analysis is guided by van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model and ideological square framework. The expected result is that both outlets will show different framing patterns: Al Jazeera is likely to emphasize institutional and economic pressures, while The New York Times is expected to foreground public suffering and protest. These differences indicate that media discourse does not merely report economic events but also produces ideological meanings and power relations.

This study aims to analyze the ideology embedded in the Minister of Religion’s speech as presented on social media platforms, particularly TikTok and YouTube, through the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The research employs the models of CDA Teun van Dijk to examine three interrelated dimensions: textual, social cognition, and contextual. Data were collected from selected videos and transcripts of the Minister’s speeches that discuss moral, social, and religious issues. The analysis reveals that the Minister’s language reflects an ideology of moderation, unity, and moral awareness within the context of Indonesia’s multicultural society. At the textual level, the speeches use persuasive, inclusive, and moral expressions that emphasize the importance of tolerance and spirituality. The social cognition analysis indicates that the Minister’s beliefs and values are strongly influenced by Islamic moderation (wasathiyah) and national harmony. Meanwhile, the contextual analysis shows that the discourse serves as a medium to shape public ideology, promoting religion as a constructive and modern force within social life. Overall, the findings demonstrate that social media has become a strategic platform for the dissemination of religious ideology, where language functions as a tool for shaping public perception, moral identity, and social cohesion

This research aimed to explain about hot the news was constructed by reporter and also how media institution ideology and the narration an issue spread to public affect to the characteristic of certain news. The object of the research was five news about Formula E posted by online news portal, VOI where the tittles were: “A Condition That Must Be Fulfilled By Formula E If You Want To Get Support From PDIP,” “Sahroni Sindir No BUMN Sponsors Formula E: Sorry, BUMN Is Part Of The Republic Of Indonesia, Right?,”  “Erick Thohir Reluctant to Comment on BUMN Not Sponsoring Formula E, Arya Sinulingga Gives Comprehensive Explanation,“ “Anies Baswedan: Formula E Has No Handlers!,” and ”Formula E Tickets Sold Out Ahmad Sahroni, Denny Siregar: There Must Be Saved Faces to be Nominated In 2024.” This research used critical discourse analysis in analyzing the texts through using Van Dijk’s theory. Van Dijk’s model focused on the text, social cognition and social context analysis. The result revealed that most of VOI news about Formula E is presented in political perspective and in presenting the news about Formula E, despite of had dynamic characteristic in particular perspective either the central government who represented by BUMN or Formula E committee and Anies Baswedan as Governor of DKI Jakarta, but VOI tend to bias in presenting particular person and group.

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In its role, the media is the conveyor of information through discourses that will influence the perception of the masses. The presentation of a news cannot be separated from the ideology of the media and media journalists. The choice of words used by journalists in a text shows how one's meaning of facts or reality is based on ideology. Critical discourse analysis is always interesting to study more deeply. Discourse by Van Dijk is described as having three dimensions or structures: text, social cognition, and social context. This study aims to describe the analysis of Van Dijk discourse in the text dimension of the news on the prohibition of going home in the media Tempo.com and Kompas.com. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with note-taking techniques and Teun A. Van Dijk's discourse analysis techniques. The results showed three structures of the news text. The macro structure shows differences in global coherence, the first news is about the negative impact of policies while the second news is policy considerations. The superstructure consists of summaries and stories based on selected perspectives from global coherence. While in the micro structure there are semantic, syntactic, stylistic and rhetorical studies, the four studies also display the meaning of the background, details, intentions, presuppositions, and sentence building that supports the perspective of each news.

This research is aimed at determining the social cognition of news texts in newspapers. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with the analysis of Teun van Dijk's critical discourse, precisely the dimension of social cognition. The research data were collected through the method of simak (observe) and the technique of catat (noting). The results showed that in terms of social cognition, the role of editors was crucial in a newspaper report. Each newspaper has its plot and way of producing corruption news, depending on the ideology and the motto of the newspaper. News construction or commonly known as framing a news text, is a privilege that is owned by each mass media. As a result, the construction of news from Suara Merdeka, Republika, Kompas, and Jawa Pos media has some differences, although it does not rule out some similarities.

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This study examines the discursive construction and normalisation of patriarchal ideology in mid-twentieth-century advertising through a socio-cognitive critical discourse analysis. This study analyses a representative 1950s domestic appliance advertisement through Teun van Dijk’s socio-cognitive framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, investigating the interaction between linguistic choices, visual components, and the social cognition that shapes discourse and society. The analysis demonstrates that textual strategies such as polarisation, presupposition, and evaluative language, in conjunction with visual elements like gendered positioning and symbolic domestic imagery, functioned to normalise the confinement of women to domestic labour while legitimising male authority as a benevolent provision. These discursive patterns establish collective cognitive frameworks that portray domesticity as an inherently feminine duty and consumerism as the appropriate solution for inequitable domestic labour. This study asserts that the advertisement, contextualised within its historical and ideological framework, served not merely as a promotional artefact but also as a powerful instrument for perpetuating and disseminating patriarchal gender norms across generations. The results underscore the enduring relevance of socio-cognitive Critical Discourse Analysis in elucidating how quotidian media discourse sustains gender inequality and highlight the imperative of critical media literacy in challenging entrenched ideological paradigms in contemporary contexts.

This study offers a critical exploration of how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) issues are represented and interpreted within Israel’s leading financial media outlets, focusing on the month of June 2024. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis of articles published in Globes, Calcalist, and The Marker, the research uncovers that much of the Israeli ESG discourse is framed not by in-depth investigative reporting, but by marketing-oriented materials, sponsored features, and corporate public relations efforts. This pattern often results in narratives that prioritize positive branding over critical evaluation. The findings reveal that global influences—especially U.S. political and regulatory debates—play a significant role in shaping local coverage, sometimes overshadowing uniquely Israeli environmental, social, and governance contexts. Among the recurring challenges identified are greenwashing practices, in which companies present exaggerated or misleading sustainability claims, and the absence of unified ESG measurement standards, which hinders reliable comparison and transparency across industries. Such deficiencies were found to weaken public trust, reduce the ability of stakeholders to make informed decisions, and limit the potential educational value of ESG media coverage. The research emphasizes the importance of fostering media literacy, so that readers can critically assess ESG claims; supporting independent journalism that prioritizes accuracy and accountability; and developing culturally adapted educational programs that reflect Israel’s social, economic, and environmental realities. Together, these measures could strengthen corporate responsibility practices and improve informed civic engagement in Israel’s evolving ESG landscape.

This article examines how Nigerian newspapers frame Shell’s sustainability claims and asks whether that framing enables or challenges greenwashing by proxy: a pattern in which a corporation’s environmental claims gain the credibility of independent journalism through a news outlet’s editorial choices rather than paid advertising. Using critical discourse analysis, I analyze 96 news reports, investigations, and opinion columns published between 2020 and 2024 in five Nigerian dailies, Premium Times, The Guardian Nigeria, ThisDay, Vanguard, and Punch, selected for addressing Shell’s environmental or sustainability claims. I identify three recurring mechanisms: uncritical reproduction of corporate press releases, reliance on corporate and government sources with little independent verification, and framing that foregrounds favorable claims while omitting the contrary environmental record. These mechanisms are more pronounced in ThisDay, Vanguard, and Punch, while Premium Times and The Guardian Nigeria more often contextualize or contest Shell’s claims.

This study critically examines the sustainability discourse of global fast-food brands, focusing on McDonald’s and KFC, to determine whether their environmental claims reflect genuine eco-ideology or strategic greenwashing. Employing Fairclough’s three-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the research analyzes the 2024 sustainability and corporate citizenship reports of both companies. Data were collected through purposive sampling of official, publicly accessible reports, with all sections containing environmental claims extracted for detailed examination. The analysis involved three stages: textual description, which explored linguistic features such as modal verbs, quantification, evaluative language, and intertextual references; interpretation of discursive practices, which examined genre conventions, rhetorical strategies, and selective transparency; and socio-cultural explanation, which contextualized the discourse within global environmental norms, corporate branding strategies, and industry pressures. Findings reveal that both McDonald’s and KFC employ sophisticated discursive strategies to construct an image of environmental responsibility. While authentic eco-ideological elements are evident, such as certified sourcing policies and measurable emissions reduction targets, the pervasive use of aspirational language, forward-looking modality, and selective reporting indicates a strategic marketing orientation that blends genuine environmental action with image management. The study underscores the dual function of sustainability reporting in the fast-food industry: communicating environmental responsibility and enhancing corporate legitimacy. The results highlight the need for critical stakeholder engagement and suggest that policymakers, investors, and consumers should evaluate corporate environmental claims carefully to distinguish substantive initiatives from symbolic or promotional discourse.

Corporate sustainability reporting has gained attention, but research gaps persist in applying ecological discourse analysis (EDA) to corporate texts. Current studies often rely on critical discourse or thematic content analysis, overlooking the ecological dimensions of language. There is a lack of integrated SDG discourse analysis that captures the complex interdependence of environmental issues and limited attention to subtle linguistic strategies companies use to frame compliance and sustainability, often bordering on greenwashing. This study addresses these gaps by applying an ecological discourse analysis to a fishery company's sustainability report. Data was taken from the English sustainability report of PT. Dua Putra Makmur Tbk (DPUM), downloaded from the company’s website, www.duaputra.co.id. The collected data were examined through an ecological discourse analysis (EDA) framework assisted by the UAM corpus tool to investigate the modality as the interpersonal vehicle that uncovers the company’s intention in building public trust and showing its commitment to the ecological equilibrium. Findings reveal that modality is mainly employed to show the company’s commitment to maintaining sustainable business practices. Ecologically, the sustainability report articulates an ambivalent discourse since the ecological commitment is concealed in the report, proven by the absence of modality referring to ability and willingness

This study critically examines Microsoft's environmental, social and governance (ESG) rhetoric and operational reality, to offer insights that extend beyond conventional greenwashing or bluewashing. Drawing on over 20 years of Microsoft's sustainability reports (2003–2024), third‐party ESG evaluations and media investigations, it employs automated content and discourse analyses to investigate how sustainability language functions as a technology of legitimacy. Rather than treating rhetoric as a façade for misconduct, we argue that it actively produces governance by shaping norms of accountability, moral responsibility and ethical identity across global operations. Microsoft's case illustrates how sustainability narratives create coherence amid contradiction, which enables reputational leadership to persist despite ESG controversies. By examining both sustainability rhetoric and actual practice, this study reframes corporate responsibility as a discursive process that creates legitimacy through sustainability practices, not merely rhetoric. The study contributes to sustainability scholarship by demonstrating how rhetoric, power and moral distance intersect within global value chains.

This study examines the effectiveness of Multistakeholder Initiatives (MSIs), specifically the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), in addressing human rights violations and environmental harm in the Brazilian Amazon. Findings reveal persistent issues, such as land dispossession and environmental degradation. Drawing from longitudinal qualitative research, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of legal cases and corporate reports, and remote sensing analysis, this paper exposes how RSPO certification functions more as a tool for greenwashing than a means to achieve meaningful corporate accountability. Corporate sustainability reports systematically omit key labor and environmental violations, while MSIs fail to enforce compliance, thereby reinforcing extractive industry practices. By situating these findings within theories of neoliberal governance, the paper argues that MSIs primarily serve corporate interests rather than protecting vulnerable communities or ecosystems. The study contributes to discussions on the limitations of voluntary certification and calls for community-led environmental monitoring as more effective regulation. Este estudo examina a eficácia das Iniciativas Multissetoriais (MSIs), especificamente a Mesa Redonda sobre Óleo de Palma Sustentável (RSPO), no enfrentamento de violações de direitos humanos e danos ambientais na Amazônia brasileira. Os resultados revelam problemas persistentes, como desapropriação de terras e degradação ambiental. Com base em pesquisa qualitativa longitudinal (2003 e 2017), Análise Crítica do Discurso (ADC) de casos jurídicos e relatórios corporativos e análise de sensoriamento remoto, este artigo expõe como a certificação RSPO funciona mais como uma ferramenta para greenwashing do que para responsabilização corporativa significativa. Relatórios de sustentabilidade corporativa omitem sistematicamente violações trabalhistas e ambientais importantes, enquanto as MSIs falham em garantir o cumprimento das normas, reforçando, assim, as práticas da indústria extrativa. Ao situar esses resultados em teorias de governança neoliberal, o artigo argumenta que as MSIs atendem principalmente aos interesses corporativos, em vez de proteger comunidades ou ecossistemas vulneráveis. O estudo contribui para as discussões sobre as limitações da certificação voluntária e defende o monitoramento ambiental liderado pela comunidade como uma regulamentação mais eficaz.

Under the political framework of free-market fundamentalism, corporations are appropriating environmental discourses through green capitalism and greenwashing. For environmental emancipation to occur, it is important to problematize the corporate discourses that put a price on nature and obfuscate the domination of nature by capital. The authors use an environmental political-economy framework to examine the ways particular products are represented through television advertising. Using a multimodal critical discourse analysis, they analyze three representations—Clorox Green Works cleaning products, the Ford Escape Hybrid, and Toyota Prius motor vehicles—in order to deconstruct and analyze how specific advertisements operate and how they contribute to problematic environmental discourses. Cet article analyse le fait que sous le systeme politique contemporain, les corporations sont en train d’approprier les discours environnementales par un processus qu’on peut appeler le « capitalisme vert. » C’est important de problematiser ce phenomene pour montrer comment ces discours commodifie la nature et obscurcie la domination de la nature par le capital. Les auteurs commencent avec l’approche politique-economique environnementale pour examiner les facons dont lesquels trois produits sont presentes dans les publicites televisees. La methode d’analyse critique des discours est employee pour considerer trois representations: Clorox Green Works, Ford Escape Hybrid, et Toyota Prius. Le but est de deconstruire et d’analyser comment certains exemples de publicites operent et contribuent a des discours environnementales problematiques.

This article examines how business entities construct eco-friendly narratives as strategic persuasive instruments in sustainable product advertising, operating through discursive and ideological mechanisms deliberately managed by corporations. Drawing on Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework, which dissects discourse across three analytical dimensions such as text, discursive practice, and social practice, as a lens to expose corporate ideology concealed beneath sustainability claims, this study analyses four eco-friendly product advertisements from international and domestic brands published between 2020 and 2026. Findings reveal that eco-friendly advertising narratives are constructed through three dominant discursive strategies: 1. Naturalization of consumer identity as a morally responsible environmental subject. 2. Reframing of consumption as a form of activism. 3. Linguistic greenwashing that conceals the contradictions of green capitalism behind vague sustainability lexicons. The study argues that business entities actively manage eco-friendly narratives not merely as informative messages, but as ideological apparatuses that strategically discipline consumer subjectivity, reproduce corporate hegemony, and legitimize green capitalism practices within ecological discourse. Implications for environmental communication studies, advertising regulation, and consumer critical literacy are discussed in the concluding section.

This study aims to investigate how Olympic TOP sponsors construct green narratives across corporate, media and social media platforms and how these narratives contribute to communicative inequality in global environmental discourse. It explores the symbolic and rhetorical strategies used to project sustainability and interrogates the power structures that enable certain actors to dominate environmental meaning-making in the Olympic context. This research uses a qualitative multimethod approach combining critical discourse analysis and qualitative content analysis. It analyses data from 10 Olympic TOP sponsors across environmental, social and governance (ESG) reports, news media and social media related to the Tokyo 2020, Beijing 2022 and Paris 2024 Olympic cycles, with focused data collection conducted between March 2023 and August 2024. This study identifies three dominant greenwashing strategies – symbolic commitment, technological deflection and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance theatre – varying across sectors. It highlights discursive patterns such as future deferral, selective framing and omission of dissent. Results show that corporate sponsors leverage symbolic alignment with the Olympics to shape sustainability discourse while excluding independent verification and marginalised voices, reinforcing communicative inequality. This research reframes greenwashing as a systemic discursive phenomenon embedded in symbolic and institutional power, rather than isolated deception. It introduces “communicative inequality” as a critical lens for examining ESG narratives and offers a new framework for analysing sustainability discourse in mega-event sponsorships. This study contributes to both environmental communication and CSR literature by highlighting the politics of visibility, voice and legitimacy in corporate green storytelling.

This study examines the gendered aspects of green branding in the beauty industry, focusing on two global brands: The Body Shop and Garnier. Analyzing advertisements from 2021 to 2025, the research applies Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to explore how each brand uses language, imagery, and discourse to construct eco-friendly messages. The findings reveal that both brands position women as central figures in sustainability narratives, using gendered visuals and language to reinforce environmental responsibility. The Body Shop emphasizes empowerment and community-driven initiatives, targeting an inclusive and socially conscious audience, while Garnier employs a more conventional approach, aligning eco-friendliness with traditional beauty norms. The study highlights the ways these brands intertwine gender and green marketing, contributing to the broader discourse on gendered eco-consumerism and greenwashing. The findings also suggest implications for future research in understanding the role of gender in shaping consumer responses to green marketing in emerging markets such as Indonesia.

Financial technologies or ‘fintech’—an array of digital technologies ranging from mobile banking and digital payment systems to cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies—are heralded for solving problems of access to financial products and services and improving people’s participation in the economy. However, we contend that fintech is an invasive infrastructure by learning from Indigenous theorizing of oil and gas pipelines alongside concepts of predatory inclusion and obfuscation. We use critical discourse analysis to study finance, technology and social media companies’ language over nearly three decades of newswires and press releases that promote new retail financial products and services. We develop themes of new products old promises, benevolent exploitation, efficient obfuscation and information extraction. Similar to oil and gas pipelines within the project of settler colonialism, our findings show how fintech operates as invasive infrastructure by serving as a key link for connecting oppressed and marginalized peoples to companies for predation and extraction.