农村劳动力迁移监测方法和指标

… to explore the dynamics of rural land systems, focusing on … land-use changes and labor migration dynamics shapes the … have such data and hence adopted a GIS-based algorithm to link …

ABSTRACT Background: Known by some as the “invisible” people because of their precarious work and low social status, migratory and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW) are a critical and underappreciated component to the agriculture industry in the United States. Despite advances in knowledge about the health needs of this population, identifying geographies of high-risk remains a challenging task for community health workers and farmworker advocacy organizations. Methods: Using patient encounter data (2011–2015) from regional Community and Migrant Health Centers (C/MHC), this study investigates the geography of farmworker chronic disease (diabetes, obesity, hypertension) and associated risk factors (anxiety, stress, depression, tobacco use) in Northeastern Colorado through the lens of Geographic Information Science (GIS). Results: Spatial scan statistics (SaTScan) identified disease cluster hot spots in 151 zip codes and chronic disease risk factor clusters in 44 zip codes. Additionally, 13487 farmworkers or 82% of the total population is found in zip codes designated as chronic disease hot spots, while 10,115 or 62% of the population reside in zip codes identified as risk factor hot spots. GIS-based Network Analysis determined that 1,269 farmworkers lived greater than 30 minutes from a C/MHC, or 7.7% of the total population in the study area (n = 16,419). Conclusions: The findings of this study confirm the need for geospatial analytics in farmworker population healthcare management. These methods, combined with multiple contextual and methodological perspectives, will inform appropriate outreach, research, and policy strategies, and further, serve to address the unique geographic challenges facing MSFW’s in Northeastern Colorado.

Migration leads to the separation of rural people from their contracted land and, thus, affects the human–land relationship, agricultural production, and food security in China’s rural areas. Using spatial autocorrelation analysis, GeoDetector analysis, and geographical weighted regression, the mechanism by which the migration behavior of the rural population impacts their contracted land disposal methods was analyzed in this study, and the spatial heterogeneity of this mechanism was further revealed from the perspective of geographical differentiation. The results of this study show that: (1) Chinese rural migrants exhibit pronounced geographical differences in the disposition of contracted land. The spatial distribution patterns of family operation, subleasing, and abandonment are different. (2) Migration behavior contributes to the differences in contracted land disposal methods across regions. Educational attainment, the number of cities migrated to, and the house purchase rate significantly contribute to the geographical differences among all three contracted land disposal methods. (3) The mechanisms by which migration behavior influences rural migrants’ land disposal decisions vary. The direction and degree of the influence of each factor on family operation are relatively consistent across regions. However, regarding the subleasing and abandonment of contracted land, the mechanisms by which migration behavior influences land disposal decision-making exhibit significant regional heterogeneity. The results of this study provide a useful reference for many countries to solve the problems of the human–land relationship and rural development.

We combine a new collection of microdata from China with a natural policy experiment to investigate the extent to which reductions in rural-urban migration barriers affect flows of trade and investments between cities and the countryside.We find that increases in worker eligibility for urban residence registration (Hukou) across origin-destination pairs increase rural-urban exports, imports, capital inflows and outflows, both in terms of bilateral transaction values and the number of unique buyer-seller matches.To quantify the implications at the regional level, we interpret these estimates through the lens of a spatial equilibrium model in which migrants can reduce buyerseller matching frictions.We find that a 10% increase in a rural county's migration market access on average leads to a 1.5% increase in the county's trade market access and a 2% increase in investment market access.In the context of China's recent Hukou reforms, we find that these knock-on effects on market integration were on average larger among the urban destinations compared to the rural origins, reinforcing incentives for rural-urban migration.

This study explores how short‐term agricultural productivity fluctuations affect labor supply of Chinese rural households under the background of frequent extreme weather events. It reveals that extreme rainfall‐induced declines in agricultural productivity lead to decreased agricultural employment and increased non‐agricultural employment and migration. Additionally, there is a shift in workdays away from agriculture toward sectors such as manufacturing, construction, and transportation. The study estimates that labor reallocation can alleviate 32.56% of income losses caused by these productivity fluctuations. Overall, these findings underscore the vital role of labor reallocation in mitigating the economic impact of short‐term agricultural productivity declines.

… The migration of people increases the labor force and the consumer market. Simultaneously, … actively promotes the strategic adjustment of the agricultural and rural economic structure. …