永磁同步电机SVPWM驱动系统设计与仿真

为了实现四矢量SVPWM算法在双三相电机四维电流控制中的应用,需要配备性能更强的控制器来满足复杂计算的需求,这会增加硬件成本.目前已有多篇文献进行了分析,例如,文献[4]对 ...

传统的基于PI的永磁同步电机(PMSM)控制存在调节时间长、超调量大、适应性差等问题。因此，本文采用了一种基于FLC和PI的闭环SVPWM控制系统。该系统可以提高速度并显著 ...

空间矢量脉宽调制(Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation, SVPWM)，本质上是对PMSM电机中的三相电压源逆变器功率器件的一种特殊的开关触发顺序和脉宽大小的组合，这种开关触发 ...

模型创新集成了自适应观测器以估计电机参数和负载转矩，虽未单独显示，但其功能已融入控制算法。模型还应用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)算法，通过优化三相逆变器的开关 ...

本文主要研究了基于三电平中点箝位型(NPC)逆变器的永磁同步电机(PMSM)调速系统。电机采用转子磁场定向的矢量控制。为了达到控制目的，在三电平逆变器控制系统中引入了零序 ...

... 永磁同步电机的转子结构为表贴式，矢量控制部分由速度环PI调节器，电流环PI调节器以及SVPWM算法三部分构成，其余部分包括逆变器，永磁同步电机等构成，如图10所示。

本文通过分析永磁同步风力发电机数学机理，分别对发电机的电压、磁链、电磁转矩以公式进行推导，根据坐标变换原理，提出采用基于外环速度、内环电流控制的双闭环矢量控制策略， ...

... SVPWM脉宽调制模块，脉宽调制模块产生驱动信号控制电桥从而产生三相交流电输入永磁同步电机，驱动电机转动，完成了对电机的矢量控制。 在前文中分析了空压机的负载力矩 ...

SVPWM是近年发展的一种比较新颖的控制方法，是由三相功率逆变器的六个功率开关元件组成的特定开关模式产生的脉宽调制波，能够使输出电流波形尽可能接近于理想的正弦波形。

... SVPWM的开关频率的影响。高频电压信号的频率在选择时不能超过开关频率的1/2，否则 ... 在仿真过程中，为了便于检测永磁永同步电机不同初始位置情况下的检测参数 ...

SVPWM即空间电压矢量由三相逆变器的六个开关元件组成的特定开关模式，使输出电压波形尽可能接近于理想的正弦波形。如图7所示，SVPWM的主要思想是以三相对称正弦波电压供电时 ...

... SVPWM调制等任务。利用微控制器与主机之间的实时通信，获得了电机在运行过程中的转速、转子位置和电流数据。 实验验证：在空载条件下，对不同算法的电机参数调整进行了 ...

而实际的电压为SVPWM调制的结果，每个扇区包含两个有效矢量和两个零矢量。将 ... 车用永磁同步电机拓扑结构优化与实验研究[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2019, 23(6): 44 ...

本文首先介绍了一种在控制回路上使用电流矢量角度跟踪的方法。给出了如何使电流矢量角更接近理论最优点的推导过程。该解析过程的理论 ...

为提高PMSM的性能并可以在抑制抖振的同时快速收敛，确保系统在各种情况下的稳定性，本文提出一种变结构改进型滑模观测器(VS-ISMO)，并搭建PMSM矢量控制模型进行仿真证明，仿真 ...

矢量控制(vectorcontrol, FOC)的形式主要是id=0，为实现电机转子位置和转速信息的实时反馈控制，通过传感器在来采集转子的位置信息和转速信息，但此种方法由于采用了传感器 ...

在永磁同步电机(PMSM)弱磁控制中，通常利用参考电压和PI控制器来产生磁通分量电流进而抵消永磁体的磁通量来达到提速效果。然而这种弱磁算法较为复杂，且存在参数调整 ...

本研究聚焦于永磁同步电机(PMSM)无速度传感器控制技术，致力于构建结构简化、动态特性优良且工程实现便捷的无传感控制架构。基于矢量控制框架，创新性地融合模型参考自 ...

仿真实验表明，提出的滑模控制方法有效提高了响应速度，突增负载时，转速波动小，恢复时间短。结果表明提出的滑模控制方法，可以有效改善永磁同步电机转速控制的动态性能，提高鲁 ...

... PMSM的矢量控制模型，电机详细参数见表1，图2是本文PMSM控制系统的原理框图，其中，外环为转速控制，采用PI控制，内环为电流控制，同样采用PI控制。 Figure 2. PMSM control model.

... 空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术生成 ... 逆变器的六个开关状态决定了输出的六个基本电压矢量和两个零矢量。SVPWM控制将这些电压矢量按照空间矢量合成原理进行组合和调制 ...

永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制策略存在控制精度低、速域切换不平稳问题，由此本研究提出一种新的复合策略以实现全速域高性能控制。在零、低速区域采用高频方波注入法， ...

PMSM仿真模型搭建. 常见的PMSM矢量控制策略有id = 0和最大电流比控制两种,而在永磁同步电机中,两者的控制是等价的,故在本文中采用id = 0控制策略,拟搭建的控制策略模型 ...

For the harmonic suppression of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTPMSM), a space-vector 12-sector SVPWM modulation method with variable vector combination was proposed. Compared with the traditional vector combination fixed SVPWM modulation technology, this method has better suppression effect on target-order harmonics. This SVPWM modulation method also solves the problem of negative values appearing in the calculation of vector action time in the fixed vector combination SVPWM, which would introduce higher-order current harmonics. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the modulation method.

— Electric Vehicles (EVs) offer a promising solution to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental pollution. However, maximizing driving range remains a key challenge. Regenerative braking, a technology that recovers kinetic energy typically lost as heat during deceleration, can significantly improve EV efficiency. This research investigates the design and performance of a regenerative braking system for the VinFast VF8 2023 Standard Edition, employing a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) controlled via Field-Oriented Control (FOC) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The system modeled in MATLAB, includes lithium-ion battery, inverter and PMSM. The simulation utilizes the Federal Test Procedure-75 (FTP-75) drive cycle, focusing on a 40-second segment representative of urban driving. Results demonstrate that during braking phases (0–20 s and 33–40 s), negative input torque causes the PMSM to function as a generator, charging the battery and increasing its capacity by roughly 0.003%. Conversely, during acceleration (20–33 s), positive torque drives the PMSM as a motor, consuming battery power and decreasing capacity by approximately 0.01%. While seemingly modest over the short test period, these findings highlight the potential of regenerative braking to recapture energy and contribute to extending the driving range of the VinFast VF8, demonstrating the feasibility and potential of this energy recovery approach.

The modelling and simulation of an integrated starter generator (ISG) system with 48 and 12-volt DC power setup for use in automotive applications is presented in this paper. The ISG system is a key component in these applications, providing both engine starting and battery charging capabilities. A mathematical model of the ISG system is developed using Simulink, and the system is simulated under various conditions with a 48- and 12-volt DC power setup. The results of the simulations are presented and discussed, highlighting the performance and efficiency of the ISG system. Key Words: Integrated Starter Generators, Flywheel mounted ISG, DC-DC 48V and 12V setup, Space Vector PWM, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM), IC Engine starting and battery charging,

No abstract available

The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is widely used in electric vehicles, where the dynamic performance of the motor is crucial during acceleration and deceleration. This paper presents a Field-Oriented Control (FOC) for a permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is based on a sensor-based approach to detect rotor position and speed. The control strategy leverages MATLAB simulation to achieve precise speed and torque control, ensuring efficient motor operation. The simulation results show that the FOC approach effectively controls the motor’s operation, guaranteeing effectiveness, stability, and quick reaction. The closed-loop control is a more reliable and efficient option, especially in applications like as electric vehicles where precision and performance are crucial, but while offering improved accuracy and adaptability, closed-Loop control can introduce torque ripple due to factors such as controller dynamics, sampling limitations, and PWM switching. This study provides valuable insights into the integration of PMSM control strategies in modern electric vehicle systems.

PMSMs (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors) are favored in industrial systems requiring fast dynamic response and precision, thanks to their high efficiency and torque-to-inertia ratio. To fully leverage these motors, advanced control techniques like Field-Oriented Control (FOC) are essential, as they decouple torque and flux. However, traditional FOC systems often use PI controllers, which suffer from limited adaptability and challenging tuning processes, especially in applications demanding quick responses. To overcome these limitations, the study compared fuzzy logic-based speed control strategies. Three control structures were modelled in MATLAB/Simulink, integrating SVPWM for enhanced performance: traditional FOC with PI controller, FOC with single-input Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), and FOC with two-input FLC (FLC2). The simulation results clearly demonstrated FLC2’s superior performance, achieving only 0.53% overshoot and a 0.08-second settling time. Quantitative metrics like IAE, ITAE, and ISE further validated FLC2’s superiority over conventional control structures. These findings prove that, particularly the two-input FLC, offers a robust and high-performance alternative to traditional PI control in industrial automation, electric vehicles, and energy-efficient motor applications. With its simplicity, adaptability, and improved control performance, FLCs can play a significant role in next-generation smart motor drive technologies.

This paper investigates the speed control of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive using a fuzzy fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller for electric vehicle (EV) applications. PMSMs are widely used in EVs due to their high efficiency at low speed, compact size, lightweight, and reliable performance. But their nonlinear and time-variant dynamics make classical control methods unsatisfactory for succeeding optimal speed regulation. A fuzzy logic system is preferable to solve these challenges and employed to adaptively tune the FOPID controller parameters and increase robustness against parameter variations and load disturbances. Using field-oriented control (FOC) developed the control methodology and integrated with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). Simulation results determine that the proposed self-tuned FOPID controller achieves higher dynamic performance, including a rise time of 0.0042 sec, a settling time of 0.0847 sec, 3.88% overshoot, and a steady-state error of 0.0074. Compared to traditional integer and fractional-order PID controllers, the proposed method confirms better speed tracking, improved disturbance rejection, and increased stability, making it a hopeful solution for high-performance EV propulsion systems.

The difficulty with conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques for three-level F-Type inverters (3L-FTI) is the capacitor voltage variation. The modulation scheme must be created considering all aspects of the investigated wide-speed-torque range traction drives. In the traditional field-oriented control (FOC) method, an elliptical reference vector-based multilevel space vector PWM (SVPWM) technique is introduced in this paper. Simple arithmetic operations and logical judgments are sufficient for this technique; trigonometric operations and lookup tables are avoided. Neutral point (NP) voltage balancing is achieved with fewer switching intervals during start-up using a modified virtual SVPWM method(VSVPWM). Experimental results from a 3L-FTI prototype with different speed-torque scenarios and simulation results from a Simulink model are employed to demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested algorithm.

No abstract available

Conventional PID-based permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control has problems such as long regulation time, large overshoot, and poor adaptability. Therefore, a closed-loop SVPWM control system based on FLC and PID is usedin this paper. The system can improve both the speed and significantly reduce the amount of overshooting. The two inputs to the FLC are the rotation speed error and the rate of change of error for the rotor or spindle. The fuzzy controller performs inference and defuzzification according to the MF and fuzzy rules. This logic algorithm finally outputs a signal to achieve FLC control. A Fuzzy PID-based PMSM Closed-loop SVPWM Control System is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. In the simulation experiment, after comparing and analyzing with the traditional PID control under different working conditions, the following conclusions are obtained: the PMSM controller based on FLC and PID has the following strengths: fast reaction, negligible overshoot, and greater resilience to change compared to the conventional PID algorithm.

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) are extensively used in the industry owing to their excellent efficiency, low weight/power ratio, and smooth torque with no or minimal ripple. Field Oriented Control (FOC) is a modern and effective approach for closed-loop controlling the speed of PMSM. In this paper, three-level Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) is proposed for minimizing harmonics in the output voltage inverter. sensorless approaches are performed by using Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) which eliminates mechanical uncertainties. Because mechanical sensors increase the cost, size, weight, and wiring complexity, employing PMSM with them is extremely difficult Tuning of Proportional Integral (PI) controller gains is performed by using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The results show that the proposed controller enhances the system's performance. In the application of felid-oriented control to a PMSM, with simulation data to back it up the entire system is simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink tool. Index Terms— PMSM, SVPWM, FOC, MRAS, WOA.

A simulation analysis of a voltage source inverter using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) to control the speed of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) has been presented in this research. PMSM is an AC drive that widely helps in high power propulsion systems. SVPWM is one of the best PWM techniques. The SVPWM is powered by a voltage source inverter connected to the PMSM. Space vector modulation is responsible for developing pulses to control the switches of the inverter. This research introduces an SVPWM-fed three-phase voltage source inverter for controlling the speed of PMSM drives using MATLAB/Simulink.

When it comes to Field-Oriented Control (FOC) drives for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs), Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are steadily the default. When challenged with sudden variations in load, PI controllers exhibit a lengthy settling time and a large early stage overrun. Intelligent algorithm such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN)enhance the performance of conventional PI. This study analyzes two distinct controllers (ANN and PI) with FOC-based drive Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) controlled PMSM drive speed control, regardless the fact that ANN executes system changes faster and enhances performance to the required level. Both controllers' rising, settling, peak, and peak overshoot times were tested in a MATLAB/Simulink simulation of the whole system model. The simulation results are displayed and analyzed for all PMSM drives that are based on speed controllers. The simulation results clearly show that, in terms of speed responses, the ANN controller performs better than the PI-based controller.

The space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) methods have been widely applied in the high-precision control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). This study investigates the high-frequency noise harmonic induced by SVPWM methods. The function model between the harmonic amplitude and switching frequency has been analytically established. Simulation and experimental results indicate that although the random SVPWM method disperses the sideband harmonic, the overall sound pressure level (SPL) of the PMSM remains high. Increasing the switching frequency can significantly reduce the sideband harmonic amplitude and acoustic noise. By applying the parallel power semiconductors into the voltage source inverter (VSI), the additional inverter loss induced by higher switching frequency can be reduced. This provides a theoretical reference for the selection of vector control methods and VSI topologies.

This paper introduces a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a sliding mode control (SMC)-based wavelet transform (WT). The PMSM motor is vulnerable to variations in the motor parameters and external disturbances, which may deteriorate steady-state performance. The proposed control system was tested using a 3-φ PMSM motor with 5 kW, 1000RPM, and a 3-φ multilevel inverter. The results showed that the motor can reach the estimated speed with good tracking to the value set at a frequency varying from [400, 1000, and 200] RPM. The system uses the Daubechies wavelets (db) for feature extraction due to their localization in both the time and frequency domains. A multilevel inverter with the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) modulation algorithm was used to decrease the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the system to less than 2.5%, with WT residuals almost zero, with 100% decomposition and reconstruction. MATLAB 2020a was used for mathematical modeling and simulation of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results ensured smooth operation in all regions for the PMSM motor's speed and torque.

This paper investigated different control Techniques of Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive with open loop, voltage/frequency (V/F) control, closed-loop Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) control, and sensor-less Modified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (MSVPWMM) control with MATLAB/Simulink. The different applications of commercial used required different control schemes due to cost-effectiveness. In a small commercial application where not much precision is required, open-loop or V/F control is used, due to their easy calculation and implementation and becomes a low-cost product outcome. Where their high precision has required closed-loop control is being adopted. In this paper, closed-loop SVPWMM and sensor-less MSVPWM techniques are proposed. The algorithm has a very fast response and output has fewer glitches, highly efficient. Constant speed response available at desired load. The control techniques have been modeled and simulated in MATLAB simulation software. The proposed scheme provides efficient performance in steady-state and dynamic load conditions.

In this paper, the sideband harmonic suppression and PWM noise reduction of PMSM are studied. Random zero vector duration SVPWM (RZVD-SVPWM) is proposed. RZVD-SVPWM has an obvious harmonic suppression effect on even times of switching frequency and it is easy to implement. However, its effect on harmonic suppression of twice the switching frequency needs to be strengthened to adapt to scenes with low noise requirements. Hybrid random zero vector duration SVPWM (HRZVD-SVPWM) is proposed to further improve the suppression effect of harmonics with twice the switching frequency. The simulation results show that RZVD-SVPWM and HRZVD-SVPWM have better suppression effect on sideband harmonics than conventional SVPWM. Among them, HRZVD-SVPWM is more complex to implement, but it has better effect on noise reduction.

The development of motor control application technology to today mainly focuses on two points of continuous improvement, one is to improve efficiency, and the other is to reduce system costs. These are also the two main factors driving the improvement of existing motor control technology. In this paper, the three-phase current of PMSM is reconstructed based on the space vector pulse width modulation technology and the current information on the DC bus, aiming at the error and high cost caused by the multi-current sensor during phase current sampling. At the same time, in order to solve the problem of blind area, pulse shift method is used to reconstruct the current in the blind area (sector switching area and low modulation area) under the linear modulation area. In the overmodulation region, because the pulse shift method is no longer applicable, the reconstruction method is improved, and the current sampling method of the lower bridge arm is adopted. The proposed method is simulated in the simulation software, and the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed current sampling technique are verified by comparing the simulation results.

To address the difficulties in suppressing harmonic currents and the occurrence of significant torque fluctuations in the conventional switching-table-based direct torque control (ST-DTC) strategy, an improved space vector pulse width modulation direct torque control (SVM-DTC) strategy based on virtual voltage vectors has been proposed here for a two-level six-phase inverter-fed dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Firstly, 12 virtual voltage vectors have been synthesized to suppress the harmonic components by taking place of these vectors with large amplitudes on x-y harmonic subspace. Aiming at the problem that the stator flux trajectory of the conventional DTC strategy is not a regular circle resulting in large torque fluctuation, the SVPWM algorithm is introduced and an improved SVM-DTC strategy has been studied for this dual three-phase PMSM, which could achieve both the harmonic components’ suppression and the reduction of torque fluctuation. Simulation and experimental results have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of this studied virtual voltage vectors-based SVM-DTC strategy.

Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is widely used in control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). However, the unexpected harmonic current generates high-frequency radial electromagnetic force, so as to lead to the stator surface vibrations and noise. In order to alleviate this problem, a radial electromagnetic force reduction strategy based on random PWM switching frequency is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the high-frequency harmonic current and high-frequency radial electromagnetic force generated by SVPWM are quantitatively analyzed. And then, by using Beta probability distribution algorithm to randomly change the PWM carrier period, the spectrum of high-frequency harmonic current can be effectively scattered, thereby reducing the peak value of harmonic electromagnetic force. Finally, co-simulation results of Simulink and Maxwell verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Over the past few years, there has been an increase in the use of open-end winding (OEW) PMSM applications. The fault tolerance of the topology makes OEW PMSM suitable for various intermittent operations. However, a dual inverter operation causes OEW PMSM drive schemes to exhibit high commutation and ripple. This paper presents an optimized alternative fixed switching 12-sector space vector pulse width modulation (svpwm) control for open-end winding PMSM drives. This work reduces the commutation number without compromising drive system performance. In comparison with conventional 6-sector svpwm, this control scheme offers three advantages. It incorporates optimal signal generation, a virtual state method for segmenting sectors into small sectors, and alternative fixed switching methods based on sub-hexagons. Inverters are assigned fixed voltage states based on sub-hexagon numbers. The proposed scheme was validated in the Matlab2021b Simulink environment. Based on the simulation results, it is found that the proposed scheme is effective for OEW PMSM. Finally, OPAL-RT (OP4500) is used to verify scheme effectiveness. The verification of the proposed scheme indicates its effectiveness. Results obtained from real-time hardware have ripple of 1.25% and 5% for speed and torque performance, respectively.

In the field orientation control system of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with the maximum four-vector space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm, aiming at the problem of large calculation and complex design, a new virtual voltage vector is synthesized by modifying the distribution and operation time of the basic voltage vector, and it is applied to the modulation module. The model is built on the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform to verify the effectiveness of the proposed improved control strategy. The results show that the control strategy of the simplified modulation algorithm can also effectively suppress the stator current harmonics and has good control effects on the steady-state performance of the motor.

To suppress pulse width modulation (PWM) harmonics in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems, a novel random pulse position space vector PWM (RPP-SVPWM) technique is proposed in this paper. In the proposed RPP-SVPWM technique, a high-performance Tiny Mersenne Twister (MT) algorithm is used instead of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) to construct a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG). Meanwhile, the technique takes into account the effect of the modulation index (MI). A random pattern of pulse positions is chosen according to the magnitude of the modulation index. When MI ≥ 0.5, the random degrees of freedom are increased by randomizing the action time of the zero vector. Accordingly, the diffusion effect is improved at high modulation indexes. Then, the impact of LFSR-PRNG and Tiny MT-PRNG on the PWM harmonic suppression effect under different modulation indexes is investigated. Finally, simulation results are analyzed to evaluate the performance. This study is expected to provide a reference for the random pulse position SVPWM technique to suppress PWM harmonics in integrated PMSM drive systems.

To improve the pulse width modulation (PWM) harmonic suppression effect of the three‐phase VSI‐fed PMSM system, this paper proposed a novel random switching period (RSP)‐Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique for the three‐phase power converter. First, the proposed technique replaces the 10‐bit linear feedback shift register pseudorandom number generator (LFSR‐PRNG) with a Tiny Mersenne Twister (MT)‐PRNG to quickly generate high‐quality pseudorandom number sequences. Then, to reduce the sampling error caused by the current ripple, this paper analyzes the sampling timing under different modulation techniques. Based on the interrupted update mechanism of the Infineon AURIX‐TC264, the variable frequency sampling of the RSP‐SVPWM technique is implemented to ensure the best sampling of the motor phase current. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed technique can effectively disperse PWM harmonic energy. Meanwhile, the RSP‐SVPWM technique based on variable sampling frequency effectively improves the phase current quality of the PMSM system. The proposed technique shows great potential for suppressing PWM harmonics in integrated PMSM systems. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This article proposes a modified switching technique to minimize rms torque ripple under regular operation and open circuit fault conditions of two series-connected split-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM). The modified switching technique is based on Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) that effectively reduces switching torque ripples while eliminating low-order harmonics ripple. The simulation results for normal and 1-ϕ OC fault operations validate that the proposed technique is superior to the existing techniques during steady-state condition.

With the rapid development of the economy and power electronics, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is widely used in various fields, vigorously promoting the development of China’s equipment manufacturing industry in the era, and the related topics have become a hot topic nowadays. However, permanent magnet synchronous motor control systems are characterized by non-linearity and time-varying parameters, which pose a threat to the reliability of practical engineering applications. Based on this, this paper combines an improved grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm with a PID controller to establish a general model of a permanent magnet synchronous motor speed control system, including control, drive and feedback modules, to achieve accurate control of the running speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Finally, the simulation model of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) based system is built by MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the simulation and analysis of corresponding parameters are completed given a definite input signal.

In this paper, the low-voltage and high current drive control system for electric mini-vehicle is deeply studied based on the application background of electric mini-vehicle. Firstly, the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is established, and the search termination conditions of search method and the dynamic optimization of search step size are analyzed and studied. A maximum torque current ratio control strategy based on improved search method is proposed. Secondly, in order to further improve the efficiency of the controller, an improved search maximum torque current ratio control strategy based on DPWM and SVPWM modulation is proposed. Finally, a new multi MOSFET parallel main circuit structure and layout method are proposed, and a low-voltage high current controller for electric mini-vehicle is developed. The simulation and experimental results show that the control method can improve the accuracy of the maximum torque current ratio control, effectively reduce the loss of the drive system, expand the efficient range of the system, and improve the endurance mileage of the electric mini-vehicle.

This paper studies the speed regulation simulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor. First, this paper analyzes the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor, and studies the control strategy of Id = 0, maximum torque-current ratio and weak magnetic leading Angle under synchronous rotation coordinate system. Secondly, the control strategy model is established on MATLAB/SIMULINK platform, including coordinate transformation, space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), proportional integration regulator, three-phase inverter, MTPA, weak magnetic core control algorithm module. Meanwhile, an APP for real-time monitoring of motor simulation model operation, control and parameter adjustment is designed by using APP Designer toolbox. Finally, the start and stop, speed increase and decrease, load surge torque and motor high-speed operation of the electric motorcycle PMSM are simulated in the actual operation. The experimental results show that the system has strong response ability and anti-interference ability under the control of current and speed PI regulator. In the motor start-stop state, the MTPA control strategy can distribute large electromagnetic torque during start-up, effectively improve the efficiency of the inverter and save costs. Compared with MTPA and Id = 0 control strategies, weak magnetic control has excellent speed increase effect, up to 6000r/min, and has strong anti-interference ability. Through the control method of the leading Angle, the dynamic switching between MTPA and weak magnetic control strategy is realized, and the running speed range of PMSM is effectively extended.

This paper presents the design and simulation of a Silicon Carbide (Sic) MOSFET inverter for an electric vehicle (EV) using Python, the study focuses on simulating the behavior of a Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) to control the speed of the motor and the influence of DC and AC filter on the weight, the Mass and the efficiency of the inverter. the use of SiC MOSFETs in the inverter aims to enhance performance and efficiency by achieving higher switching frequencies .The findings of this study contribute to the understanding and optimization of SiC MOSFET-based inverters for EV traction and an enrichment to the open source community of specialized Python library developers. Thereby advancing the development of efficient electric propulsion technologies for sustainable transportation

This paper investigates a novel electric vehicle (EV) propulsion system utilizing a single five-leg inverter (FLI) to control two permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) for improved stability and efficiency. To achieve this, an electric differential (ED) algorithm is implemented within the control scheme. The system employs space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and field-oriented control (FOC) with a merging algorithm to optimize switching sequences for the FLI. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated through comprehensive simulation studies, analyzing speed, torque, and current control. The simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in system stability and robustness compared to conventional two-inverter approaches. This research suggests the feasibility of a single FLI architecture for powering dual motors in EVs while maintaining exceptional stability and control performance.

No abstract available

This paper presents a real-time Field-Oriented Control (FOC) system for a PMSM used in electric vehicles, featuring a fuzzy logic speed controller and machine learning-based fault detection. Developed in MATLAB/Simulink and deployed on a TI C2000 microcontroller, the system includes Clarke/Park transformations, PI controllers, SVPWM, and Hall sensor feedback. A lightweight ML model monitors motor signals for early fault detection. Simulation and testing confirm accurate speed control and effective fault diagnosis, making the system a smart solution for EV applications.

Although the symmetrical six-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine with neutral point connection (S6P-PMSM-NPC) exhibits notable fault-tolerant advantages, this configuration provides a circulating path for zero-sequence current (ZSC). A ZSC suppression strategy for S6P-PMSMNPC is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a near-four-vector space vector pulse width modulation (NFV-SVPWM) technique is proposed, which can maintain the zero-sequence voltage (ZSV) caused by SVPWM technique at zero, thereby eliminating ZSC. Then, a third-harmonic ZSC suppression strategy based on NFV-SVPWM technique is proposed. By adjusting the dwell times of zero vectors, the third-harmonic ZSC induced by thirdharmonic flux linkage is suppressed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can effectively suppress ZSC.

A vehicle–motor coupled dynamic model for a permanent magnet direct-drive (PMDD) axlebox-built-in bogie operating at 120-200 km/h is developed in this study. The model integrates a multibody vehicle system and a PMSM traction system under an SVPWM vector-control strategy to investigate electromechanical coupling effects. The influence of current-loop and speed-loop control parameters on motor output characteristics and vibration transmission is analyzed. Simulation results show that the dominant frequencies of vehicle lateral and vertical vibrations are mainly concentrated in 3-15 Hz, and the vehicle maintains stable dynamic performance during traction. The speed-loop parameters significantly affect the coupled vibration between the motor and the bogie frame and may induce vertical resonance, while the current-loop parameters have minimal impact. Furthermore, the analysis of motor-suspension stiffness indicates that higher stiffness improves high-speed running stability. The proposed model provides guidance for PMDD traction system control optimization and bogie design for 120-200 km/h urban rail trains.

To enhanced the parameter robustness of the conventional dead-beat predictive current control (DPCC) approach, this paper presented a DPCC considering parameter mismatch (DPCC-CPM) approach for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. Firstly, an extended reference voltage model considering the compensation of parameter mismatch is established and the compensated result is calculated in real time by a newly designed cost function. Then, the reference voltage is acquired accurately and is modulated using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the presented DPCC-CPM approach can effectively compensate for the undesirable influences due to parameter mismatch, providing satisfactory control performance.

Field-oriented control is a vector control method that allows for accurate and independent control of flux and torque in permanent magnet synchronous motors. By transforming stator currents into a rotating reference frame aligned with the rotor flux, FOC decouples torque and flux control, allowing for independent adjustment of both. This results in high-performance operation with a fast dynamic response, high efficiency, and a wide speed range. FOC finds widespread application in various industries, including automotive, robotics, and renewable energy systems. Field-Oriented Control (FOC) constitutes a highly effective method for controlling permanent magnet synchronous motors. It allows independent control of the motor’s torque and flux, making it highly efficient and responsive. Keywords: PMSM Motor, FOC Method, Park transformation, Inverse Park transformation, Clarke transformation, Clarke-Park transformation, MATLAB & Simulink

This paper proposes an SVPWM-based faulttolerant control strategy for five-phase open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) under single-phase or twophase open-circuit faults. In this method, the stable rotating magnetic fields can be kept by using remaining healthy phases, which means that the high torque output can still be achieved under fault conditions. However, conventional DC bus openwinding systems face a critical limitation, that the circuit configurations of them inherently create low-impedance paths for zero-sequence currents. The structural flaw fundamentally restricts the system reliability under fault conditions. During the operation, the modulated common mode voltages produce large zero-sequence currents. These circulating currents could increase motor vibration, electromagnetic losses, and thermal stress, which may result in poor system reliability and safety. Therefore, an unequal zero-vector distribution method is proposed in this paper to solve these problems mentioned above. This technique can actively adjust the duration of zero vectors in the modulation process to counteract zero-sequence voltage distortions caused by dead-time effects in power switches. In the simulating results, the zero-sequence current can be eliminated and good torque characteristics can be maintained, which means that the reliability of the five-phase PMSM can be improved.

Regenerative braking in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives plays a crucial role in improving the energy efficiency of electric vehicles by recovering kinetic energy during deceleration. This paper presents an approach using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM)-based Field-Oriented Control (FOC) to boost the back electromotive force (back-EMF) voltage generated during regenerative braking. By exploiting the motor’s inductance and the bidirectional capability of the inverter, the system functions as a boost converter, enabling effective energy transfer back to the energy storage system without the need for additional power electronics. The method focuses on analyzing the current behavior during braking and demonstrating improved voltage boosting to overcome the energy storage voltage barrier. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in enhancing energy regeneration and extending driving range in electric vehicles.

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are multipurpose motors as they can be applied in electric vehicles, robotics, and factory automation due to a broad range of operations as highly efficient and compact inside and a high extent of torque feature. The control of PMSMs implies a high level of precision as well to allow the maximum level of performance to be preferred under various operational circumstances. This paper will place a comparison of two popular modulation techniques: Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) in a Field-Oriented Control (FOC) model. The test is applied on dynamic response, torque ripple, harmonic distortion and overall efficiency. The simplest of these SPWM generates the comparison between sinusoidal references and a high frequency (HF) triangular carrier to generate switching pulses, but has the poorest overall harmonic distortion (THD) and poorest DC bus usage. On the other hand, SVPWM calculates the optimum voltage vectors, and this is used to offer a superior voltage utilization and low THD. Simulation proves that the SVPWM can be better in the case of a lower torque ripple as well as the quality of harmonics hence can be utilized in high-performance applications. However, in less complex systems where the performance requirements are moderate, it is possible to employ SPWM. The current research can be useful in selecting the modulation techniques that are expected to be employed in the PMSM-based controllers.

In this paper, a vector insertion discontinuous PWM-phase combined permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) sensorless control method based on current derivative measurements is proposed. In the sensorless control based on PWM excitation (FPE), the position error is extracted from the phase voltages and currents in a voltage vector based on ensuring that the voltage vectors for which current derivative measurements are performed have sufficient duration. Then, a measurement vector insertion discontinuous PWM method is introduced to improve the accuracy of position estimation independent of the modulation index (MI). In addition, the current derivatives are accurately measured using multipoint current sampling (MPCS) and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm curve fitting. And inverter nonlinearity compensation is performed for inverter nonlinearity. Thus, the proposed method achieves full-region sensorless control of the PMSM without any voltage injection or phase shift, which degrades the performance of field-oriented control (FOC). The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by driving the system under various driving conditions.

The paper introduces a new method for vector control of PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) motors called theta-FOC. This method combines the advantages of simple sinusoidal control and Field Oriented Control (FOC). The paper proposes introducing an additional parameter that determines the electrical angle between the motor’s voltage space vector and rotor magnetic flux axis. The classical Field Oriented Control was modified to reduce the number of necessary calculations. The proposed method allows for decoupling the calculations from the cyclic PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal, enabling calculations to be performed at a frequency different from PWM. This results in the possibility of achieving a higher frequency of the PWM signal. Additionally, the proposed method minimizes the influence of deviation between the actual PWM voltage and the voltage command generated from the controller at high PWM frequencies, leading to better operation of the system in terms of field weakening. This method has been tested under typical operating conditions and has performed similarly to the FOC method, but with a reduced number of calculations, and therefore reduced control time.

The effectiveness of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive managed by an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) microcontroller using field oriented control (FOC) with space vector modulation (SVM) and a diode clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI) is investigated. Due to its efficacy, FOC would be widely implemented for PMSM speed regulation. The primary drawbacks of a 3-phase classic bridge inverter appear to be reduced dv/dt stresses, lesser electromagnetic interference, and a relatively small rating, especially when compared to inverters. PMSMs have a better chance of being adopted in the automotive industry because of their compact size, high efficiency, and durability. The SVM idea states that an inverter's three driving signals are created simultaneously. Using MATLAB simulations, researchers looked into incorporating a DCMLI with a resistive load on an AVR microcontroller. Torque, current, and harmonic analysis were evaluated between the SVM and the inverter-driven PMSM drive in this research. In comparison to the prior art, the proposed PMSM drive has better speed and torque management, less output distortion, and less harmonic distortion.

: With the increasing number of electric cars worldwide, permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are becoming increasingly popular in the transportation industry. In parallel with the development of PMSM, many novel control strategies have been developed to make PMSM superior and robust. In all control strategies aimed at improving the operation of PMSMs, the control strategy using discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) instead of continuous space vector pulse width modulation (CSVPWM) for field-oriented control (FOC) is widely used to reduce switching and save energy. However, this method has not been applied by researchers to sensorless PMSM control three-phase inverters. Therefore, this study investigated a sensorless PMSM control with a DPWM FOC and a traditional sliding-mode observer to estimate rotor positions. Additionally, a modified sliding-mode observer with a Park phase-locked loop (PLL) was designed experimentally to improve the stability of the PMSM speed and reduce harmonics in the output phase current for the inverter under the FOC with DPWM. The experimental results verified that the sliding-mode observer integrated with the Park PLL can improve the operation of the sensorless PMSMs under FOC with DPWM.

This paper investigates the performance of two inverter modulation methods, sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), on field-oriented control (FOC)-based permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The objective is to analyze the impact of these modulation strategies on various performance parameters, including torque, input power, output power, DC bus utilization, phase current consumption, and phase current total harmonic distortion (THD) under constant speed operation and drive cycle operation. The results indicate that SVPWM modulation offers advantages over SPWM modulation, such as 1.4-8 ms faster in speed settling time, consuming 1-9 mA lower in phase current with 0.348-1.670 % lower in phase current THD, having 0.011-0.318 N.m. lower in ripple torque, consuming 19.82 - 601 W lower in input power, and having a higher DC bus utilization factor. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the performance of PMSM drives and serve as a guide for the development of efficient and sustainable electric vehicle systems.

This paper gives a comprehensive look into the field oriented control (FOC) of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPSMs) being driven by GaN inverters. Field-oriented control has received a lot of attention in recent years because of its ability to give accurate control of motor performance, making it ideal for a variety of industrial applications. Adding to this, the use of wide band gap devices such as GaN in the inverter feeding the motor provides advantages such as compact size, high power density, high switching operation, and thus improved efficiency. The study includes simulation results of the SPMSM drive employing the FOC technique with the use of a GaN inverter. The overall functionality of the model under steady state was simulated and verified using PLECS software.

This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of the improved space vector approach based field-oriented control (FOC) technique to a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive, fed by an indirect matrix converter (IMC). PMSMs have gained significant popularity in different commercialized applications owed to their high efficiency, robustness, and precise control characteristics. The IMC has emerged as a promising power electronic interface for PMSM drives, offering advantages such as bi-directional power flow, no use of storage elements, low harmonic distortion and high power density hence reduced weight and volume. However, its effective integration with PMSM drives remains a challenging task, especially when high-performance control techniques like FOC are employed. The proposed method aims to overcome the inherent limitations of the IMC by achieving robust and efficient control of the PMSM drive emphasising its role in regulating the stator currents and rotor flux for precise speed and torque control. Simulation results are provided to substantiate its high-level accomplishment in terms of reduced ripple in torque, faster dynamic response, and lower harmonic content.

Recent advancements in neural networks (NNs) have underscored their potential for deployment in domains that demand computationally intensive operations, including applications on resource-constrained edge devices. This study investigates the integration of a compact neural network, TinyFC, within the Field-Oriented Control (FOC) framework of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). While proportional–integral (PI) controllers remain a widely adopted choice for FOC due to their simplicity, their performance can degrade significantly under high-frequency speed transitions, where nonlinear dynamics introduce notable inaccuracies. The TinyFC model complements the PI controller by learning the intrinsic dependencies within the control loops and generating corrective signals to alleviate these inaccuracies. To ensure practical implementation, TinyFC underwent extensive optimization procedures, incorporating advanced techniques such as hyperparameter tuning, pruning, and 8-bit quantization. These measures successfully reduced the model’s computational overhead while preserving predictive accuracy. Simulation results demonstrated that embedding TinyFC within the FOC framework substantially reduced overshoot, with the pruned TinyFC entirely eliminating overshoot when integrated into the speed control unit. These findings highlight the feasibility of employing lightweight neural networks for real-time motor control applications, establishing a foundation for more efficient and precise control strategies in edge automotive and industrial systems.

No abstract available

This paper addresses the issue of insufficient dynamic performance in the traditional vector control (FOC) of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems, which is caused by the reliance on fixed-parameter PI controllers. It proposes an improved vector control strategy based on model predictive current control. Based on the traditional vector control framework, a mathematical model of PMSM is established in the coordinate system. The original PI current loop is replaced by predictive control, and a multi-objective cost function including current tracking error and voltage switching frequency is designed to achieve dynamic optimization. Specifically, by combining the decoupling characteristic of vector control and the rolling optimization mechanism of predictive control, the current value at future moments is calculated in real time using the discretized current prediction model, and the optimal voltage vector is selected by minimizing the cost function. A simulation platform is built in Matlab/Simulink to compare the performance of traditional FOC-PI and the proposed predictive control strategy. The simulation results show that the predictive control, through optimizing the model and cost function design, provides a feasible solution for the high-performance control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. This method can timely track the changes in speed, effectively suppress torque pulsation, and has a faster dynamic response speed and better robustness than traditional PI control. While retaining the decoupling advantage of vector control, it improves the dynamic response speed, anti-disturbance ability, and energy efficiency of the system.

This paper presents a novel direct vector control (DVC) strategy for addressing control challenges in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) by regulating the Active current (iP) and Reactive current (iQ) current components directly, without the need for complex coordinate transformations as in conventional field-oriented control (FOC). This method simplifies the control model by reducing reliance on motor parameters while maintaining a similar physical interpretation to the traditional id-iq method, thereby enhancing dynamic response accuracy. The study includes a theoretical analysis and the development of a Simulink simulation model to assess system performance under no-load and loaded conditions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed DVC strategy surpasses conventional FOC in terms of control precision and stability, demonstrating superior disturbance rejection capabilities that effectively mitigate speed fluctuations and enable prompt return to the reference value. This research offers a promising solution for achieving high-performance PMSM control, with significant implications for engineering applications.

Introduction. Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely used in industrial and automotive applications due to their high efficiency and power density. Problem. However, their performance can be significantly affected by faults such as inter-turn short-circuits faults (ITSCFs) in the stator windings. These faults introduce oscillations in rotor speed and electromagnetic torque, increase total harmonic distortion (THD), and degrade the overall reliability of the system drive. Conventional field-oriented control (FOC) methods, particularly, those employing PI controllers, often struggle to maintain stability under such fault conditions. Goal. This study aims to develop and evaluate a fuzzy logic-based control strategy to enhance the fault tolerance of PMSM drives under ITSCFs conditions. Methodology. To achieve this, a mathematical model of the PMSM is developed to represent both healthy and faulty operating states. This model is integrated into a vector control framework where two types of speed controllers are compared: a conventional PI controller and a fuzzy PI controller. The proposed fuzzy logic controller is implemented within the FOC scheme and evaluated through simulation. Results. Simulation results demonstrate that the fuzzy vector control approach significantly reduces rotor speed and electromagnetic torque ripples under both healthy and faulty conditions, while maintaining stable torque output and minimizing THD. It consistently outperforms the conventional PI controller. Scientific novelty. Unlike traditional FOC methods, this study introduces a fuzzy logic-enhanced control strategy specifically designed to improve PMSM performance under fault conditions. The integration of fuzzy logic with vector control offers superior dynamic response and enhanced resilience. Practical value. The proposed approach improves the robustness and reliability of PMSM drives, particularly in fault-sensitive applications such as industrial automation and electric vehicles. This contributes to extended system lifespan and improved operational stability. References 26, tables 2, figures 13.

ABSTRACT Various operational factors, such as temperature, load, and magnetic saturation, influence the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and cause stator resistance, stator inductance, and rotor flux linkage fluctuations. These variations result in decreased accuracy under vector control and the problem of inaccurate position estimation under speed sensorless control. This paper proposes a new method using a cascaded model reference adaptive system (MRAS) to identify the rotor speed and three motor parameters. The adaptive law is improved by employing Popov’s super stability theorem and combining a fuzzy adaptive control algorithm. The resulting identification outcomes are incorporated into the control system to enhance control. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can address the issue of model under-ranking and mitigate the effect of motor parameter mismatch on FOC control through theoretical analysis and simulations using MATLAB/Simulink software. This approach enhances dynamic tracking and robustness while holding significant engineering importance.

This study proposes a robust speed control strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives using a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) integrated with field-oriented control (FOC). The conventional PI controller in the speed control loop is replaced with an FLC to enhance dynamic performance, while a hybrid Fuzzy Logic-PI Controller (FL-PIC) is employed in the current control loop to mitigate sensitivity to parameter variations. The proposed scheme ensures precise speed regulation through vector control representation, achieving accurate tracking of step and bidirectional speed changes with zero overshoot and negligible ripple. Simulation results demonstrate the system’s rapid rejection of sudden load torque disturbances and robust performance under significant parameter mismatches. The controller maintains stable operation across low and high-speed ranges, with minimal steady-state distortion, confirming its resilience to parametric uncertainties, validating the reliability of the proposed FLC-based approach under non-ideal operational conditions. Keywords; Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), PMSM Drives, PI Controller, Field-Oriented Control.

The embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor is becoming increasingly popular due to its excellent power density, high efficiency, and reliability for hybrid electric vehicles. To achieve the best performance of the vehicle, EPMSM should possess energy efficiency, torque control, and smooth driving is most anticipated. This suggested work demonstrates an advanced torque management technique for EPMSM with a focus on optimizing torque production and by minimizing the loss of energy in hybrid electric vehicles. This merges the vector control methods with a field-oriented control (FOC) system to provide precise and versatile torque regulation. Apart from that, the proposed work includes the enhancement of torque output in a variety of running regions through flux weakening control and the maximum torque per ampere strategy. Based on the simulation results, the optimized multi-rate PI control scheme has good efficiency, decrement in torque ripple, and very excellent system response. The proposed method demonstrates its ability to generate driving performance, conserve energy, and extend operating life of EPMSMs in HEVs.

The Z-source inverter offers the unique advantage of providing voltage boosting capabilities, which is quite attractive in motor drive applications. This paper proposes a Shoot-Through Space Vector Modulation (SVM) strategy specifically designed for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) driven by Z-Source Inverters (ZSI). The proposed modulation strategy is a simple boost modulation strategy, which only changes the modulation waveform of one leg and can realize both continuous pulse width modulation (CPWM) and discontinuous PWM (DPWM) modes. The proposed control strategy is easy to be integrated into fieldoriented control (FOC) by manipulate the ZS I’s shoot through duty cycle, ensuring optimal voltage supply to the PMS M across varying operating conditions. The strategy effectively manages to extend speed range while dynamically adapting to changes in voltage levels. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate speed and load response from PMSM by controlling the capacitor voltage, compared to traditional inverter control methods. This research contributes to the ongoing development of high-performance electric drive systems and enhances the applicability of Z-source technology.

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have been widely utilized due to their exceptional operating efficiency and high torque output ratio. However, in practical applications, the nonlinear factors of the inverter and the motor design cause current harmonics, which can cause torque ripples and restrict the application of PMSMs on many high-precision occasions. In this paper, combining dead-time voltage vector model predictive control (DTVV-MPC) and field-oriented control (FOC), the influence of inverter switching frequency and dead zone effect on current THD is analyzed, and introduces the implementation method of DTVV-MPC. The current total harmonic distortion (THD) of traditional FOC and DTVV-MPC is compared through simulation. Experimental research on the effects of dead zone time and switching frequency on FOC’s current THD is conducted. The simulation results indicate that, with the same number of switchings, DTVV-MPC exhibits stronger robustness to dead time in terms of current THD compared to FOC.

Modern home appliances like dishwashers are engineered considering energy-saving features. This requires enhancing the performance and efficiency of the entire drive system and the correct selection and effective control of the main driving motor to meet industry standards in the white goods market. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs), combined with vector control strategy, are selected as the driving system for high-efficiency and high-performance smooth torque control applications. Employing such control techniques needs sensors to detect rotor speed and position but the consideration of cost and reliability requires the avoidance of using sensors. In this paper, a sensorless Field Oriented Control (FOC) for PMSM using Sliding Mode Control (SMC) has been studied and implemented in drives for household dishwasher machines. The reported experimental data demonstrates that the considered solution, compared with a PID control policy, achieves effective speed trajectory tracking and maintains robustness in the presence of system disturbances.

The paper aims to reinforce the vector control of PMSM motors by introducing a strategy coined $\theta$ FOC.This process amalgamate the virtue of sinusoidal and FOC control. The paper proposes an extra variable which is used to determines the electrical angle between the rotor magnetic flux axis and rotor magnetic flux axis.The conventional FOC was changed to reduce the number of calculations and to make the circuit simple. By separating the computations from the cyclic PWM signal, the novel technique enables calculations to be carried out at a frequency other than PWM.As a result, the PWM signal may be able to reach a higher frequency. Furthermore, the novel approach reduces the impact of variance in the voltage command generated at elevated PWM frequencies by the controller and actual PWM voltage, which improves the system's field weakening performance. Tested in standard operating settings, this approach performed comparably to the FOC method but required fewer computations and thus less control time. Matlab/Simulink has been used for simulation research.

This paper is dealing with the SVPWM inverter's operation. Then, after analyzing the space vector methodology, convenient detail equations are derived. The amplitude and frequency value of stator voltage are adjusted in this scheme to modulate the motor's speed. In addition, the SVPWM switching technique approach is an advanced and highly analytical modulation technique with many advantages over previous PWM modulations, including a lower harmonic content, efficient DC bus consumption. These numerous benefits have led to SVPWM finding more and more uses in motor control and power converters. In this research, the simulated analysis of the speed of the Permanent Magnet AC Motors is controlled by the voltage source inverters using the SVPWM switching techniques. It is commonly acknowledged that field Oriented Control for PMSM motor drives is frequently chosen for the highly efficient and better performance drive systems due to its distinct qualities including improved power factor and the low inertia and also it is superior in the power density. SVPWM method provides a greater DC voltage usage rate and less output waveform distortion when compared to commonly utilized sine-wave pulse width modulation (SPWM) approach. This report describes the procedure for using MATLAB to build the SVPWM modulation method and introduced SVPWM control technology for three-phase inverters. It also built a mathematical model of the circuit by creating a comprehensive closed-loop system for simulation that provides output waveforms. A model-based PI controller is designed for the FOC of the PMSM motor.

The field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is limited by the processing power of the microcontroller, which affects the control performance. In order to improve the execution speed of the algorithm, we propose to implement the FOC algorithm on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) as a hardware circuit and embed a 32-bit ARM processor to form a hardware-software cooperative control system, which takes into account the parallel computing advantage of using hardware to implement the FOC algorithm and the flexibility of using software to configure the FOC algorithm. The second problem is that the coordinate transformation and trigonometric functions involved in the FOC algorithm are difficult to be implemented by a hardware circuit, and we propose to use the rotation mode and vector mode of the coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm to convert it into an easy-to-implement hardware structure, and to convert the coordinate transformation and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is optimized in hardware. Simulations and experiments have shown that the proposed scheme reduces hardware resources, enables current-loop closed-loop control, and supports register software reconfigurability.

The use of reinforcement learning for process control does not require knowledge of its mathematical model. This paper focuses on the control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on the Field Oriented Control strategy (FOC). The objective is to compare the performances of the classical PID control with that using reinforcement learning (RL). The RL algorithm used is Double Delay Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3). First, the general principle of vector control of a PMSM motor is described. Then, the control using reinforcement learning is analyzed and compared to PID control. The performances to be compared are accuracy, dynamic response and the ability to control torque and speed. Finally, the simulation models have been developed and tested in the MATLAB / SIMULINK. Simulated results are displayed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.

This paper discusses the high-performance exigencies using field oriented control (FOC) resolver. To overcome permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) under dynamic speed and load disturbance, the drive control features space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is proposed. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller is used in the system to enhance speed performance. A novel efficient PMSM control is verified with digital implementation.

With the development of modern industry, more stringent requirements are put forward for the servo control of the mechanical arm, especially the problems of insufficient precision, insufficient dynamic response and poor anti-interference ability. This paper takes the permanent magnet synchronous motor of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) as the research object, combines the RBF neural network with PID control to improve the traditional magnetic field vector control, improve the lag and dynamic response of traditional PI control, improve the stability of the control system; and introduces the online supervision mechanism to make the control system has good environmental adaptability and adaptive adjustment ability. The experimental results show that the magnetic field vector control algorithm based on RBF-PID has faster response time, higher accuracy and stronger anti-interference ability.

This paper presents an efficiency optimization control strategy for two-level three-phase inverter-fed interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). The loss minimization control (LMC) is combined with the three-vector-based finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) in this method. Through comparing the four hybrid control methods combined by LMC, maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), field oriented control (FOC) and MPC, simulation tests have been carried on a 6.4 kW IPMSM. The results evaluate that the presented method have good dynamic performance and reduce machine’s loss during transient further while maintaining relative low harmonics.

This paper proposes an artificial neural network (ANN)-based space vector PWM (SVPWM) inverter controller for permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). Traditional SVPWM control methods involve complex computations and exhibit poor robustness to motor parameter variations and load disturbances, making them inadequate for high-precision and high-dynamic-response applications. Due to its strong nonlinear mapping capability and adaptability, ANN can optimize SVPWM control strategies, enhancing system real-time performance and robustness. This study employs an ANN trained using the Bayesian regularization backpropagation algorithm and introduces a modular, low-complexity ANN-based SVPWM implementation scheme. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed approach reduces the online computational burden, improves efficiency, and is validated through simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results demonstrate that ANN-based SVPWM control maintains high waveform quality across different modulation indices while reducing computational costs by approximately 10 % - 15 %.

Multiphase motor drives offer better advantages in high-power motion control applications as they can handle more power with reduced power per phase, lower-order harmonics, reduced input filter size, etc., compared to the classical 3-phase (Φ) systems. The symmetrical 6-Φ voltage source inverter (VSI)-fed interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive controlled by the conventional space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) results in different common mode voltage (CMV) levels. This rate of change of CMV is responsible for the flow of the common mode (CM) current, which can lead to premature bearing damage in motor loads. To circumvent this problem, this paper proposes two new SVPWM-based PWM variants for the symmetrical 6-Φ VSI drive that are aimed at attaining a constant CMV level, thereby completely avoiding the changes in CMV. The proposed PWM variants are designed in such a way that they closely mimic the 3-Φ SVPWM principle, making the implementation of SVPWM for the 6-Φ VSI very simple and thus decreasing the complexity of dwell time calculations for the 6-Φ VSI system. Detailed simulation studies using MATLAB/Simulink are presented to support the proposed PWM variants with vector control implemented under speed and load disturbances, including speed reversal following V/f control.

Due to the advantages of low harmonic distortion, low voltage stress, and high efficiency, three-level inverters have been widely employed in various applications. Conventional three-level pulsewidth modulation (PWM) methods typically adjust the duty ratio of redundant small vectors to achieve neutral-point (NP) voltage control. Conversely, common-mode voltage (CMV) reduction methods avoid using redundant small vectors that generate high CMV. To address this issue, this article proposes a novel modulation technique for three-level inverters. This approach is developed based on the non-nearest space vector synthesis criterion, reducing the CMV amplitude to 50% compared to conventional space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM). Furthermore, a new NP voltage balance method is proposed, which utilizes small and medium vectors with opposite NP currents to adjust the NP voltage. The performance of this modulation approach is validated by comparative simulations and experimental tests, with the results presenting lower total harmonic distortion, improved NP voltage regulation capability, and enhanced inverter efficiency.

In this article, novel switching sequences and their combinations have been shown to reduce line current ripple and switching losses in the case of three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter. This article analyses the switching sequences in terms of common-mode voltage (CMV) and line current ripple, and proposes a hybrid pulsewidth modulation (PWM) scheme named “minimum CMV PWM” that aims to achieve maximum performance by minimizing CMV and harmonic distortion. The proposed technique exhibits a reduction in CMV ranging from approximately 17% to 30% when compared with the centered space vector modulation (CSVPWM) scheme. Moreover, compared with CSVPWM, the proposed system exhibits a substantial enhancement in line current ripple reduction of around 35.1% in the vicinity of high modulation index. In addition, it achieves a reduction in the switching loss of 35.8% in the higher modulation area, while maintaining unity power factor (UPF), surpassing the performance of the CSVPWM scheme. Furthermore, the suggested scheme is compared with two existing superior PWM schemes, hybrid PWM - III and bus-clamping PWM sequence 012, while considering the three performance metrics. The proposed method surpasses the three PWM schemes in terms of the three performance indices at high modulation indices and at UPF operation. Hence, the proposed technique is very appropriate for applications in photovoltaic-grid systems. This study presents theoretical, modeling, and experimental findings to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Accurate calculation of losses incurred in the power electronic converter is particularly essential in selection of devices and optimal thermal design. This article attempts to devise device current expressions in a space vector modulated (SVM) voltage source inverter (VSI). Emphasis is laid on deriving the equations which facilitate for quick and accurate calculation of conduction losses in the converter at different load conditions. Importance of the proposed work also lies in providing a generic way of mathematical modeling of device currents in complex pulse-width modulation (PWM) schemes. Initially, device currents in SVM inverter without considering dead-time was presented, where a generalized expression for offset voltage is derived. As dead-time is absolutely essential for safe operation of devices, effect of dead-time consideration on device currents is discussed. Finally, as channel of mosfets can conduct bidirectionally, the device currents considering reverse conduction of mosfets is presented. Simulation analysis is performed using matlab/simulink. The effectiveness of the derived expressions is also validated experimentally using 415 V, 5 kW SiC mosfet based voltage source inverter setup.

This study explores the importance and impact of current loop controller parameters in permanent magnet synchronous motor control systems. Parameter variations during motor operation, such as changes in temperature and operating current, can directly affect the control performance of the current loop and the overall stability of the system. This underscores the critical role of real-time and accurate motor parameter acquisition in current loop control to enhance controller dynamic performance and system stability. On the other hand, adaptive control methods offer a robust strategy to effectively handle variations in system parameters and external disturbances, demonstrating their value and extensive application potential in practical scenarios. Therefore, conducting research on adaptive control strategies for permanent magnet synchronous motors based on precise system parameters is of practical significance.

Aiming at the issues of the current fluctuation and dependence of the control performance on model parameters accuracy in model predictive current control (MPCC) for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a robust model predictive current closed-loop control strategy with multiparameter estimation based on immune chaotic antipredator particle swarm optimization (RMPCC-ICAPSO) algorithm is proposed. The motor parameters are estimated by the ICAPSO algorithm and updated parameters are fed into the prediction model in real time. To begin with, the different single-phase voltage vectors are selected to synthesize the reference voltage vector, and the zero vector is split equally for redistribution. In addition, the immune chaotic theory is employed in updating the population of the PSO algorithm, learning factors as well as inertia weights. The ability of the algorithm to explore potentially better regions is enhanced, the problem of the local optimality is escaped, and the particle prematurity is suppressed. Moreover, an antipredator algorithm is introduced to the PSO, the worst solution position is excluded, the more uncharted regions are explored, and optimization of search accuracy is further enhanced. Finally, the RMPCC-ICAPSO strategy is experimentally demonstrated with a 3-kW motor. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed RMPCC-ICAPSO strategy are proved by the experimental results.

Traditional active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is not adequately capable to deal with current disturbances, including periodic harmonics of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Thus, an improved ADRC with a cascade extended state observer (CESO) based on quasi-generalized integrator (QGI) is proposed to attenuate the periodic and aperiodic disturbances in the current loop. In the proposed strategy, a CESO with two cascaded levels is designed to enhance the estimation accuracy of aperiodic disturbances and decrease the steady-state observation error of periodic harmonics. The QGI is embedded into the second cascade level of CESO to improve its estimation accuracy of harmonic disturbances. With the periodic harmonics accurately estimated, the subsequent improved ADRC based on feedback control law can effectively enhance the rejection of such disturbances. The theoretical analysis is comprehensively conducted to investigate the disturbances estimation performance, stability, disturbances rejection capability, and robustness, while the parameter tuning strategy is studied based on the control bandwidth. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme are verified on a PMSM bench through the experiments.

In the vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), non-periodic disturbances such as cross-coupling between axes and variations in electrical parameters, along with periodic harmonic disturbances caused by inverter nonlinearities and magnetic field harmonics, influence the dq-axis currents. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a current loop disturbance rejection strategy based on a Resonant Control Periodic Disturbance Observer (RC-PDOB). First, this paper constructs a disturbance observer-based current loop decoupling model that mitigates dq-axis current coupling due to parameter variations and reduces the impact of non-periodic disturbances. Then this paper introduces proportional–resonant terms into the disturbance observer to suppress the 6th and 12th harmonics of the dq-axis, thereby reducing periodic current disturbances. This paper analyzes the disturbance rejection mechanism of RC-PDOB in detail and presents the design methodology and stability criteria of the proposed observer. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

When mode switching between Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) Control and Weakening Field Control (WFC), there is a problem of sudden changes in D-axis and Q-axis currents for Permanent Magnet Synchronous motors (PMSM) under the WFC strategy with single current regulator (SCR), which leads to the problem of torque fluctuations. This paper presents a smooth transition strategy based on weight distribution in the overlap zone. By establishing a multi-objective optimization model under voltage-current constraints, the critical conditions for mode switching are derived, the S-shaped weighting function is designed to achieve smooth transition of current commands. Matlab/Simulink simulation results show the proposed transition strategy can significantly reduce current and torque fluctuations in the transition zone, achieve a smooth transition and better dynamic response characteristics.

In the field of robotics, particularly in human–robot interaction, rapid and precise torque control is crucial. This study presents a closed-loop iterative optimized (CIO) approach designed to improve current tracking in servo systems, positioning it as a feasible alternative to traditional proportional-integral controllers. The proposed method innovatively combines a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller with linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique and genetic algorithm in a closed-loop iterative setting. This integration not only boosts the FOPID controller's response speed, but also leverages the robustness of LMI, enhancing stability under various operating conditions. The inclusion of heuristic algorithms in this system enables a more dynamic and efficient search for optimal control parameters, aligning the controller's performance with the complex requirements of contemporary robotics. Experimental data underscore that this approach significantly increases torque response speed and the control system's bandwidth, vital for satisfying the dynamic needs of current robotic applications.

The elimination of current sensors in vectorcontrolled motor drives, particularly in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) can be motivated by cost, space constraints, and reliability concerns. This paper presents two current sensorless algorithms for estimating stator phase currents in PMSM drives, aimed at enhancing fault-tolerant control (FTC) capabilities. The first estimator employs a classical motor model with constant d-q axis inductances and stator resistance, where parameters are optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The second, approach, utilizes a nonlinear magnetic model based on flux linkage as a function of current, implemented via a Look-Up Table (LUT). Comparative analysis demonstrates that while the classical model offers simplicity and reduced computational requirements, the LUT-based estimator provides superior accuracy across a broader range of operating conditions. Both methods enable drive operation without direct current measurement, contributing to robust FTC strategies. Future work can focus on enhancing the estimation of instantaneous current values for improved dynamic performance.

In recent years, great progress has been made in MPC of DTP-PMSM. In order to solve the computational burden caused by a large number of voltage vectors, virtual voltage vector control is introduced. However, this method eliminates the voltage vector used to control the harmonic plane, resulting in open-loop control of the harmonic subplane. A predictive current control strategy based on a quasi-resonant extended state observer is proposed. Unlike traditional virtual vectors that generate zero mean voltage in the x-y subspace, the rotating non-zero voltage vector dynamically adjusts by modulating the residence time of the three adjacent large vectors and the zero vector during the control period, thus realizing the closedloop current control in x-y subspace.

The double closed-loop architecture is a universal control structure for speed servo systems. However, in multiloop architecture, the inner-loop limits the response speed of the outer-loop. To this end, a finite-time control strategy suitable for the speed current single-loop control structure is proposed to enhance the dynamic performance of the overall loop. First, compared with the dual-loop architecture, single-loop state estimator needs to be designed with higher order, which will lead to a larger estimation peak. Meanwhile, the estimation pressure of single-loop estimator is higher due to the need to consider both matched and unmatched disturbances. Therefore, a hybrid cascaded finite-time state estimator is proposed to alleviate the estimation pressure and peak phenomenon. In addition, the high-order finite-time state estimator uses only the low-order state estimation error for feedback adjustment when estimating the high-order state, and the output speed of the estimator is limited due to the output value passing through the pure integrator. Consequently, a hybrid cascaded differential compensation finite-time composite controller is further proposed to enhance the performance of the control system. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method were experimentally verified.

This paper proposes a novel speed‐current single‐loop speed regulation controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on model‐assisted cascaded extended state observer (ESO) and sliding mode control (SMC), aimed at simplifying the control structure, increasing dynamic performance, and improving antidisturbance performance. Firstly, a cascaded ESO based on model information is designed for the second‐order model of single‐loop control of PMSM. This approach allows for quick and accurate estimation of disturbance without increasing bandwidth, while also reducing the burden of ESO with model‐assisted information. Next, with the estimation disturbance feedforward compensation, the composite controller is constructed based on SMC, which effectively eliminates residual disturbance and reduces chatterings. The stability of the closed‐loop system under the proposed controller is proved strictly. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

: Finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) has attracted attention due to its better theoretical performance. However, as motor operating conditions change, motor parameter mismatch can lead to intolerable prediction errors which significantly deteriorate stator current harmonics and torque ripples. To solve this issue, a finite-control-set model predictive current closed-loop control strategy is proposed. First, based on the analysis of the prediction equations, the voltage-independent and voltage-dependent parts of the prediction errors are separated. Secondly, according to the different features of prediction errors caused by zero and non-zero vectors, the decoupling of the two parts of prediction error is realized. And PI controllers are introduced to observe the two different types of DC components respectively to make the observation more stable and accurate. Thirdly, feedback compensation is performed to modify the prediction equations. With the design of model predictive current closed-loop control, the prediction error quickly converges to the minimum. Finally, the experimental outcomes prove the effectiveness of this strategy.

No abstract available

The current control of the D and Q axes of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) is crucial in drives, especially when saliency is present in the system. The stability and performance of any outer loop control algorithm are significantly influenced by the performance of the D and Q axis current controllers. The outer loop typically functions as a speed or torque controller, often incorporating an MTPA. This paper proposes an inner loop controller that observes changes in load torque and adjusts the current components accordingly. To determine the load torque in the proposed model, a disturbance observer (DOB) approach is utilized, which eliminates the need for external load torque sensors. Unlike usual DOB approaches, this method considers disturbance torque for both Iq and Id inner loops. The predicted torque is calculated based on the references of D and Q axis currents, and the difference between dynamic torques is used to forecast the load torque. The forecasted load torque is then used to calculate the dq axis currents, which are injected back into the system. The PMSM and drive system were simulated under various torque inputs, comparing results for scenarios with and without the proposed controller, while keeping all other parameters constant. As the results are derived from a simulation environment, validating the proposed method through hardware implementation and analyzing the variations will be a critical aspect of future research. Simulation results demonstrate that the current controller incorporating the proposed method exhibits improved performance compared to the scenario without the proposed controller.

The current sampling and pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle update methods currently in use in permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) servo control systems introduce significant delays, thereby impacting the motor’s current loop bandwidth and dynamic characteristics to some extent. In addition, when the motor terminal voltage reaches the maximum output voltage of the driver, the motor operating speed cannot continue to increase. In response to these issues, a current loop bandwidth expansion method was proposed by improving the current sampling and PWM update time. This method reduces the delay between current sampling and the PWM duty cycle update by advancing the timing of the PWM duty cycle update, thereby expanding the closed-loop bandwidth of the current loop control system. Building upon a high-bandwidth current loop, a variable q-axis single current regulator weak field control method is employed to enhance the speed of the PMSM further, ensuring stable operation beyond the base speed. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the newly designed bandwidth expansion method exhibits a reduced internal delay in the current loop of the AC permanent magnet servo control system compared to the existing sampling methods. Additionally, it offers a broader bandwidth and faster dynamic response. Combined with the weak magnetic control method, the control system has good stability, accuracy, and speed when operating above the base speed.

In this paper, a variable finite set model predictive control (VFS-MPC) method is proposed, which is mainly to reduce the calculation amount of MPC and the number of three-phase switching state changes of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) control system. Firstly, a two-step MPC with low computational complexity is illustrated. Considering that the steady state performance of this method need to be further improved compared to traditional two-step MPC. After analyzing the voltage vector relationship between the two steps, a VFS-MPC method is proposed which can reduce the computational burden of processor and the number of switching state changes further without affecting the tracking performance. A simulation model is established and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

No abstract available

Abstract The growing demand for fault-tolerant systems requires the use of algorithms that will maintain continuity of operation in the event of faults, e.g., in measuring sensors. Sensorless control methods, originally developed for electric motor drives without speed measurements, can be applied within fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategies when speed sensors fail. Recent research also increasingly addresses failures of current sensors (CS). This study proposes a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive control method based on a current-sensorless vector control structure, eliminating the need to measure phase currents and enabling compensation for damaged CS. Three open-loop estimator types derived from a PMSM mathematical model are introduced, all operating without feedback from state variables. The first estimator uses fixed design parameters optimized via particle swarm optimisation (PSO). The second relies on the relationship between stator flux and dq-axis currents. The third extends this relationship by incorporating rotor position to account for spatial harmonics. The relevant flux functions are stored in look-up tables (LUTs). This study discusses challenges in selecting estimator parameters and issues related to voltage and speed measurement. The proposed solutions were tested on a 2.5 kW PMSM experimental setup across a wide range of operating conditions.

The current control is the core to realizing fast response and high accuracy permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive harmonic reducer (HR) system. However, the induced electromotive force, parameter variation, and deadtime effect will lead to the periodic/aperiodic disturbances as well as cross-coupling terms, which may largely deteriorate current control performance. To simultaneously suppress and compensate for the above multisource disturbances, a composite current control scheme based on the repetitive disturbance observer (DO) is proposed in this article. First, based on the characteristics of multisource disturbances, the repetitive control, the DO and the deviation decoupling are designed to deal with the periodic disturbance, aperiodic disturbance, and the cross-coupling term, respectively. Then, the stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed according to the characteristic roots distribution. Furthermore, the disturbances rejection capability is quantified by the transfer function amplitude, and the range of control gains are determined by the sampling time and system parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is experimentally validated on a PMSM drive HR platform.

The dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM) is characterized by its low-voltage high-power output, high reliability, and high control flexibility, rendering it widely applicable. Conventional control systems for DTP-PMSMs typically necessitate a minimum of four current sensors for closed-loop control, contributing to increased control system costs and volume. This article proposes a method tailored for a zero-phase-shift DTP-PMSM, utilizing two Hall current sensors to sample multiple branch currents and reconstruct phase currents. The article provides a detailed exposition of the principles behind six-phase current reconstruction using zero voltage vector sampling in a DTP-PMSM, along with the corresponding drive system structure. An analysis of the sampling delay, reconstruction dead zone, and inherent reconstruction errors associated with this method is presented. Simulation and experimental results ultimately validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Under complex working conditions, there are uncertain periodic and aperiodic disturbances in the current loop of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. These uncertain disturbances can lead to uncertain current ripples, deteriorating the current loop performance. To deal with the problem, in this article, we propose an adaptive active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for the current loop to suppress the uncertain current ripples. In the adaptive ADRC, the extended state observer is optimized by the adaptive resonant controller so that it can estimate both the uncertain periodic and aperiodic disturbances. Thus, the adaptive ADRC can suppress both the uncertain periodic and aperiodic disturbances to attenuate the uncertain current ripples in the current loop, and it does not need the disturbance information. In addition, the stability of the observer in the adaptive ADRC is systematically analyzed by the singular perturbation theory and the averaging theorem. Finally, the effectiveness of the adaptive ADRC is validated on a 2.2-kW PMSM platform.

No abstract available

No abstract available

Configuring an output inductive-capacitive (LC) filter for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives can mitigate the overvoltage issues in long-distance transmission applications. However, the resulting LC-filtered PMSM system may cause an undesired resonance phenomenon, threatening the system’s stability. This article proposes a modulated predictive stator current control scheme with capacitor-voltage-feedforward active damping (MPSCC-CVF) to stabilize the LC-filtered PMSM drives. First, a recursion-based stator-current predictive model is established, reducing the computational complexity. Then, a modulated predictive stator current controller with a fixed switching frequency is proposed, which can achieve low current ripples and harmonics. To address the resonance issues, a capacitor-voltage-feedforward active damping (CVF) strategy is integrated into the proposed modulated predictive stator current control (MPSCC). Furthermore, the closed-loop stability analysis and parameter tuning are provided in theory. Experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

Multiple synchronous reference frame (MSRF) current control scheme is frequently utilized in permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive systems for harmonic current suppression. However, low-pass filters (LPFs) with relatively low cutoff frequencies are commonly used to separate the fundamental and the major current harmonic components, which can introduce significant delays in the control loop, degrading the system performance. To address this issue, this article proposes a rapid and efficient harmonic current suppression scheme for PMSMs by incorporating a fast harmonic extraction method based on numerical calculation. For the separation of fundamental, 5th and 7th harmonic currents, the proposed method only requires the current data from three sampling moments for processing, essentially constituting a time-shifting operation. Then the current with different orders can be decoupled and transformed into different harmonic planes, and independent closed-loop control can be realized. Compared with the existing MSRF-based current harmonic regulation methods, the proposed scheme avoids the use of any digital filter and does not require a large amount of data storage. This approach mitigates delay effects, enhancing the dynamic performance of harmonic current regulation, and offers easy implementation. Finally, comparative experimental validation is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

This paper addresses the issue of insufficient dynamic performance in traditional PI control for power-level hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulations of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) controllers. An optimized algorithm based on model predictive current control (MPCC) is proposed. By constructing a PHIL platform integrated with a digital twin model and combining multi-step prediction with feedback correction mechanisms, control delays are effectively compensated, and model mismatch is suppressed. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to PI control, the MPCC algorithm reduces the root mean square error of current tracking by $\mathbf{4 2 \%}$, decreases the maximum overshoot of current and speed by 62 % and 79 %, respectively, and significantly enhances dynamic response. The study validates the engineering value of model predictive control in PHIL systems, providing an efficient solution for high-precision motor controller testing.

This research delves into the development of a composite model predictive controller designed for the current loop in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system. In order to enhance the performance of a system, the proposed controller integrates an extended state observer (ESO) and actuating delay compensation. The ESO is employed for the estimation of the lumped disturbance affecting the PMSM, while the prediction model incorporates both the estimated lumped disturbance and the delayed actuating output to derive an optimized control law. Simulation and experimental results further validate the effectiveness of the approach, offering an innovative solution to the actuating delay challenge and a considerable increase in the bandwidth of the current loop.

No abstract available

Current measurement errors (CMEs) including the offset error and scaling error exist in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems. It will cause periodic ripples in the dq-axis currents and motor torque/speed. Thus, this article proposes a novel method to decouple and compensate for the CME based on the d-axis current ripple component. In the proposed method, the influence of the closed-loop system is taken into account when separating the CME from the measured current. The bandpass filter (BPF) is employed to extract the desired periodic ripple component in the d-axis current. Decoupling of the CME is achieved through a simple mathematical operation and a low-pass filter (LPF). Compensation is performed through the integrator operation. The proposed method effectively eliminates the dq-axis current ripple and speed ripple caused by the CME. The proposed method has robust performance on motor parameters and can be used during the operation of the motor. The effectiveness and practicability of the proposed CME compensation method is verified using experimental results.

This paper focuses on the discrete sliding mode control (SMC) method adopted in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) current loop control system. Based on the predefined-time terminal sliding mode (PTSM) method, a discrete PTSM and its sufficient conditions for convergence are proposed. Considering that the PMSM current loop control system can be rewritten as a typical discrete first-order multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in practical applications, a discrete PTSM law is further proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed discrete PTSM controller is verified through numerical simulations and experiments on a PMSM drive control test bench. Experiments are conducted to compare different current loop control schemes, which fully demonstrates that the discrete PTSM method proposed in this paper can achieve better dynamic performance of discrete state variables during the convergence sliding process.

The current-loop control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system is susceptible to unknown periodic and aperiodic disturbances, which lead to current ripples and degrade control performance. This paper presents an adaptive equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) approach to address this issue. It integrates an adaptive quasi-resonant compensator (AQRC) into the conventional EID estimator, enabling the adaptive EID (AEID) estimator to estimate and suppress unknown periodic and aperiodic disturbances simultaneously. The configuration of an AEID-based PMSM current-loop control system is described. An adaptive algorithm is developed to estimate the frequency of the periodic disturbance in real time. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the presented method and its superiority over the existing related methods. It shows that the AEID approach is insensitive to unknown periodic and aperiodic disturbances, and achieves small errors in the current and speed, compared with the conventional EID and the RC-EID methods.

Current measurement error causes periodic speed ripple in permanent-magnet synchronous motor control systems. The typical normalized extended state observer (NESO) can estimate and compensate for the load disturbance but is not sufficiently capable to deal with the periodic disturbances. Thus, a speed controller based on the NESO frame, combining a PD controller and a quasi-fractional-resonant (QFR) controller, is proposed to address this speed ripple issue due to the current measurement error including offset error and scaling error. Then, it is verified that the proposed controller satisfies the separation principle and QFR controller does not affect the open-loop characteristics of the system through mathematical derivation in the frequency domain. Besides, the proposed controller in outer speed loop and a PI controller in inner current loop are designed with the proposed analytical parameters’ tuning methods based on frequency-domain analysis. Compared with the existing adaptive proportional-integral–resonant (PIR) controller, the proposed controller not only suppresses the speed ripple to a lower level but also achieves better speed tracking and load disturbance rejection performances. The experimental result comparison confirms the effectiveness of the proposed controller and design scheme.