数字绿色景观在居家办公短暂休息期间的恢复效应：采用EDA、HRV、fNIRS及眼动追踪技术的多模态研究

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated health benefits result from exposure to natural environments. Virtual reality (VR) may offer an alternative to actual outdoor immersion by generating a simulated health-promoting environment. Given that health issues are more prevalent in older adults, this study investigated the restorative effects of virtual natural settings on middle-aged and elderly adults. A cross-over pretest-posttest design was used to measure changes in participants’ mood levels, physiological and psychological responses, and attentional measures of cognitive functioning (N = 34). Semi-structured interviews after the VR experiences were conducted to evaluate participants’ experiences. Physiological responses to VR did not differ between virtual natural and urban settings. In contrast, participants expressed more positive feelings and lower levels of fatigue and depression after viewing virtual nature settings than after viewing virtual urban settings. Virtual nature settings were also rated as more restorative than virtual urban settings. Further, participants described virtual natural settings as appeasing and relaxing, so much so that they were motivated to travel outdoors to experience the settings shown in VR. Our findings provide additional evidence that viewing simulated natural settings in VR can be beneficial for this population. Perhaps the most promising finding is that VR may motivate older adults to experience nature outdoors, thus promoting synergistic benefits first during virtual exposure and then during actual exposure.

Short-term exposure to nature has excellent potential to be used as a public health intervention measure. Nevertheless, the physiological and psychological mechanisms of this health benefit are still unclear. In this study, we intend to verify the effects of short-term exposure to nature on psychological functioning and to explore the underlying mechanism through experiments conducted in immersive virtual environments (IVEs). Participants were randomly exposed to videos of an urban forest and an indoor environment in IVEs. Before and after the exposure, a participant's self-perceived stress and cognitive performance were measured using the PSS-14 form and the Stroop task, respectively. Their brain activities during the exposure were measured using the electroencephalogram (EEG). The PSS-14 and the Stroop task results confirmed the benefits of stress reduction and cognitive performance improvements from short-term nature exposure. At the same time, rhythmic brain activities during nature exposure indicated better attentional states. The electrodes around the parietal region detected significantly stronger power spectral density of the theta band than other bands. Also, participants showed high functional connectivity among different brain parts during nature exposure, which revealed better cognitive flexibility. The topographic pattern of the differences in functional connectivity overlapped well with the default mode network (DMN)-a "task-negative" network active during the resting state. The overlap indicated a lower cognitive processing load when exposing to nature. Our results support the hypothesis that nature's restorative effects mainly come from effortless processing in natural environments.

… for delivering nature-based experiences when direct exposure to real nature environments is unavailable. The present study examined the effects of VR-simulated nature on attentional …

… effects of a mediated restorative environment. After performing a stress-inducing task, participants watched a nature … enhances restorative potential of a mediated natural environment. …

… of extraordinary natural landscapes. Sixty-two university volunteers experienced three ordinary natural landscapes and four extraordinary natural landscapes in a virtual reality setting. …

… This study examines the validity of virtual reality for assessing the restorative quality of … Findings showed that virtual simulations of a natural and urban environment elicit similar effects …

… green space type can affect the level of green space recovery. When the visibility is poor, the semi-open and semi-closed green spaces resulted in the best recovery… type of green space …

Abstract Rapid urbanization and the lack of green infrastructure threaten the health of urban dwellers. Green facades have been proposed as a green infrastructure solution to compensate for the loss of green spaces in dense city areas; however, as far as we know, there is inadequate evidence for associations between views of green facades and relaxation. This study aims to clarify the physiological and psychological relaxation effects of viewing a green facade landscape. Twenty-five Chinese females (23 ± 1.5 years) viewed a green facade landscape or a building-wall for 5 min. Data were generated using electroencephalographic, heart rate variability, and skin conductance physiological measures and psychological measures using a semantic differential questionnaire and a Profile of Mood State. Findings suggest that, compared to the viewing of the building wall, the viewing of the green facade resulted in a significant increase in alpha relative waves in the frontal and occipital lobes, a significant increase in parasympathetic activity, and a significant decrease in the skin conductance as well as a substantial increase in comfortable, relaxed, and natural feelings, and a significant improvement in mood state. The green facade appears to enhance human physiological and psychological relaxation compared to the building-wall.

… We do not known, however, if green … green school landscapes affect student performance remain unclear. We hypothesize that views onto green landscapes help students recover from …

Previous research has demonstrated the positive associations between outdoor nature contact and stress reduction. However, similar effects of incorporating natural elements into indoor environment (i.e. biophilic design) have been less well studied. We hypothesize that exposure to biophilic indoor environments help people recover from stress and anxiety and those effects differ among different types of biophilic elements. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a between-subjects experiment with 100 participants using virtual reality (VR). Participants were randomly assigned to experience one of four virtual offices (i.e. one non-biophilic base office and three similar offices enhanced with different biophilic design elements) after stressor tasks. Their physiological indicators of stress reaction, including heart rate variability, heart rate, skin conductance level and blood pressure, were measured by bio-monitoring sensors. Their anxiety level was measured by using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory test (short version). We found that participants in biophilic indoor environments had consistently better recovery responses after stressor compare to those in the non-biophilic environment, in terms of reduction on stress and anxiety. Effects on physiological responses are immediate after exposure to biophilic environments with the larger impacts in the first four minutes of the 6-minute recovery process. Additionally, these restorative effects differ among three different types of indoor biophilic environments. This research provides evidence that biophilic design elements that impact stress recovery and anxiety. It also demonstrated the potential that virtual reality may be a way to bring nature and its therapeutic benefits to patients in hospitals.

… people's psychological perception are: green looking ratio, motor vehicle presence rate, … positive correlation with engagement mood, green looking ratio and building enclosure had a …

… window-view nature exposure, including the Window Greenery Index (WGI), Window Water Index (WWI), and Window … -linear associations between window-view nature exposure with …

… levels than did those in the three other rooms, with a wall-only, an artificial window, and a … a window for reducing stress. While the stress levels in the room with an artificial window were …

… recovery from low-level stress the glass window was more restorative than a … window. Discussion focuses on how the purported benefits of viewing nature may be attenuated by a digital …

… indoors within the framework of Stress Recovery Theory and … setting with and without a window view. The presence of indoor … with a window view nor in a setting without a window view. …

… Specifically, workers with a view from their desk of … stress and more job satisfaction than colleagues who either had no outside view or could see only built elements from their window. …

This paper presents a scoping review of immersive virtual nature experiences delivered via head-mounted displays (HMDs) and their role in promoting well-being, psychological restoration, cognitive performance, and nature connectedness. As access to natural environments becomes increasingly constrained by urbanization, technological lifestyles, and environmental change, immersive technologies offer a scalable and accessible alternative for engaging with nature. Guided by three core research questions, this review explores how HMD-mediated immersive technologies have been used to promote nature connectedness and well-being, what trends and outcomes have been observed across applications, and what methodological gaps or limitations exist in this growing body of work. Fifty-five peer-reviewed studies were analyzed and categorized into six key implication areas: emotional well-being, stress reduction, cognitive performance, attention recovery, restorative benefits, and nature connectedness. The review identifies immersive virtual nature as a promising application of extended reality (XR) technologies, with potential across healthcare, education, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for more consistent methodologies and long-term research.

… of tree cover density and its restorative effects are influenced by the … The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data show … of enhancing urban environmental quality by …

Eye tracking is becoming increasingly available in head-mounted virtual reality displays with various headsets with integrated eye trackers already commercially available. The applications of eye tracking in virtual reality are highly diversified and span multiple disciplines. As a result, the number of peer-reviewed publications that study eye tracking applications has surged in recent years. We performed a broad review to comprehensively search academic literature databases with the aim of assessing the extent of published research dealing with applications of eye tracking in virtual reality, and highlighting challenges, limitations and areas for future research.

… Using controlled eye-tracking experiments, this study … natural brightness levels, from the darkest to the brightest, on the visual perception of 118 participants in a virtual reality (VR) forest …

Virtual reality (VR) has evolved substantially beyond its initial remit of gaming and entertainment, catalyzed by advancements such as improved screen resolutions and more accessible devices. Among various interaction techniques introduced to VR, eye-tracking stands out as a pivotal development. It not only augments immersion but offers a nuanced insight into user behavior and attention. This precision in capturing gaze direction has made eye-tracking instrumental for applications far beyond mere interaction, influencing areas like medical diagnostics, neuroscientific research, educational interventions, and architectural design, to name a few. Though eye-tracking’s integration into VR has been acknowledged in prior reviews, its true depth, spanning the intricacies of its deployment to its broader ramifications across diverse sectors, has been sparsely explored. This survey undertakes that endeavor, offering a comprehensive overview of eye-tracking’s state of the art within the VR landscape. We delve into its technological nuances, its pivotal role in modern VR applications, and its transformative impact on domains ranging from medicine and neuroscience to marketing and education. Through this exploration, we aim to present a cohesive understanding of the current capabilities, challenges, and future potential of eye-tracking in VR, underscoring its significance and the novelty of our contribution.

The human-nature connection is one of the main aspects determining supportive and comfortable office environments. In this context, the application of eye-tracking-equipped Virtual Reality (VR) devices to support an evaluation on the effect of greenery elements indoors on individuals' efficiency and engagement is limited. A new approach to investigate visual attention, distraction, cognitive load and performance in this field is carried out via a pilot-study comparing three virtual office layouts (Indoor Green, Outdoor Green and Non-Biophilic). 63 participants completed cognitive tasks and surveys while measuring gaze behaviour. Sense of presence, immersivity and cybersickness results supported the ecological validity of VR. Visual attention was positively influenced by the proximity of users to the greenery element, while visual distraction from tasks was negatively influenced by the dimension of the greenery. In the presence of greenery elements, lower cognitive loads and more efficient information searching, resulting in improved performance, were also highlighted.

… visual attention. The main findings from this review demonstrate Tobii and HTC Vive are the most popular tools in research on eye-tracking … research on eye-tracking technology usage …

The urban lifestyle has a profound effect on mental health, contributing significantly to the challenges faced by people who reside in urban areas. Growing empirical evidence underscores the potential of nature to alleviate these mental health burdens. However, we still lack understanding of which specific natural elements provide these benefits. Using eye‐tracking technology, we experimentally explored the relationships between intentional visual attention to natural (green) and human‐made (grey) elements in urban areas and their association with well‐being measures. Participants took a 45‐min outdoor walk that simulates a walk to and from work, in which we examined pre‐ and post‐measures of cognition, affect, anxiety and perceived restorativeness. Participants were prompted to direct their attention to green, grey or a mixture of both elements. By analysing participants' eye movements and patterns, we determined adherence to experimental conditions and related visual attention to natural elements. The experimental groups instructed to direct their visual attention to green, grey or a mix of both infrastructures exhibited differences in negative and positive affect, anxiety and perceived restorativeness, but not in cognition after a walk in an urban environment. The percentage of time spent viewing natural elements showed that people who focused more on green features reported a decrease in anxiety and higher perceived restorativeness. In contrast, those who spent more time viewing grey elements reported increased anxiety and lowered perceived restorativeness. The percentage of time viewing natural elements was not linked to affect or cognition. Viewing trees showed the strongest association with well‐being measures compared to other natural elements. Together, our results indicate that a simple behaviour change (directing visual attention to elements of nature instead of grey elements) can produce mental health benefits in the form of reducing anxiety and perceived restoration for people in urban areas. Thus, efforts to integrate nature, especially trees, in urban areas and promote city dwellers to visually interact with it during their daily routine can improve mental issues associated with urban lifestyle. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Centre for Geography, Environment and Society, University of Exeter Department of Geography, Maynooth University School of Environment, University of Auckland Correspondence Sarah L Bell, European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Knowledge Spa, Treliske, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK. Email: sarah.bell@exeter.ac.uk Funding information Economic and Social Research Council, Grant/ Award Number: ES/N015851/1

… well established that exposure to nearby nature can help reduce stress in individuals, the shape of the dose–response curve is entirely unclear. To establish this dose–response curve, …

… the shape of the dose-response curve for how exposure to varying … recent evidence connecting exposure to nearby nature to lower … , we describe a dose-response curve and discuss the …

… Here, we explore the utility of the dose–response concept for the nature–health … Dose–response studies that provide information on how individuals respond to exposure to nature, …

… In recent years, millions of people worldwide transitioned from working in offices to at home, … and at the office remains a part of many organizations. This study evaluates home and office …

… remote workers in the US We investigate the role of different doses of nature at our participants' home offices … natural elements in remote workers' home offices and increased perceived …

… We modified an existing Green View Index (GVI) formula and conducted a case study assessment of street greenery using GSV images in the area of East Village, Manhattan District, …

… review the theory of optimal recovery as it applies to gray scale image interpolation [2]. In section 3 we present a unified view … recovery on the difference of the pairs of red and green and …

… However, the current industrial recovery process of this … full correspondence with the green extraction concept based on … the industrial sustainability and green recovery of inulin, which …

… of recovery as measured by product moment correlations between interpoint distances of the original and recovered … ratings scales) little improvement in recovery is noticed. Similarly, …

Abstract This study investigated the recovery of phenolic antioxidants from kiwifruit peels using subcritical water extraction (SWE) method. The use of water is particularly advantageous when extracting medically and commercially important phenolic compounds from food and food-processing by-products. The effects of extraction parameters (pH, temperature, solid:solvent ratio and time) on the recovery of polyphenols, flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of the extracts were studied. The optimum antioxidant extraction was found to be 160 °C, pH 2, and 2% solid:solvent ratio using 20 min extraction. Under the optimised condition, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were 51.2 (mg GAE/g DW) and 22.5 (mg CE/g DW), respectively. Comparing the subcritical water with conventional ethanol extraction revealed that the method is technically and economically feasible for extracting antioxidants from kiwifruit peels.

… recovered the used green solvents after the process, ensuring their reuse and supporting a circular economy. The recovered … significantly depending on the green solvent used. These …

Recycling of noble metal from waste materials, namely from electronic wastes (e-waste), spent catalyst, and industrial wastewater, is attracting growing attention due to the scarcity, economic importance, and criticality of those noble metals. Traditional techniques reported to date require toxic reagent and strict extraction conditions, which deeply hinders the development of precious metal recovery in complex environments. Here, an approach is proposed that uses flexible metallic transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) paper, which provides abundant active sites for spontaneous adsorption and reduction of noble metal ions, as an Alchemy-inspired template to recover noble metal in an efficient and green way without the aid of reductant and heating. The metallic TMD (MoS2 , WS2 ) paper is shown to rapidly extract five noble metal ions (Au, Pd, Pt, Ag, and Ru) from complex samples containing various interferents. This unique property endows the metallic TMD paper with gifted ability in extracting gold from e-waste, and recovering platinum group metals (palladium and platinum) from spent catalysts, which provides a blueprint for the design of next-generation green platforms for noble metal regeneration.

Abstract Background Although several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), no antiviral agents have yet been shown to be efficacious. Methods We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous remdesivir in adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and had evidence of lower respiratory tract infection. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either remdesivir (200 mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 100 mg daily for up to 9 additional days) or placebo for up to 10 days. The primary outcome was the time to recovery, defined by either discharge from the hospital or hospitalization for infection-control purposes only. Results A total of 1062 patients underwent randomization (with 541 assigned to remdesivir and 521 to placebo). Those who received remdesivir had a median recovery time of 10 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 9 to 11), as compared with 15 days (95% CI, 13 to 18) among those who received placebo (rate ratio for recovery, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.49; P<0.001, by a log-rank test). In an analysis that used a proportional-odds model with an eight-category ordinal scale, the patients who received remdesivir were found to be more likely than those who received placebo to have clinical improvement at day 15 (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9, after adjustment for actual disease severity). The Kaplan–Meier estimates of mortality were 6.7% with remdesivir and 11.9% with placebo by day 15 and 11.4% with remdesivir and 15.2% with placebo by day 29 (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.03). Serious adverse events were reported in 131 of the 532 patients who received remdesivir (24.6%) and in 163 of the 516 patients who received placebo (31.6%). Conclusions Our data show that remdesivir was superior to placebo in shortening the time to recovery in adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and had evidence of lower respiratory tract infection. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ACTT-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04280705.)

While the positive effects of micro-breaks within the organizational context are well documented, their impact in the family domain remains underexplored. Drawing upon conservation of resources theory and the work-home resource model, this paper presents two experience sampling studies examining the spillover effects of daily micro-breaks on employees' family role performance the same evening. Study 1 (N Level 1 = 490, N Level 2 = 98) demonstrated that daily micro-breaks are positively related to same-evening family role performance. Specifically, micro-breaks were linked to enhanced family role performance through serial mediation by daily work vitality and work-to-family enrichment. Moreover, the cross-level positive moderating effect of perceived health climate was partially supported. Study 2 (N Level 1 = 907, N Level 2 = 103) replicated and extended Study 1 by examining the mediated moderation effect of perceived health climate via micro-break autonomy. Perceived health climate was positively related to micro-break autonomy, which moderated the relationship between daily micro-breaks and daily work vitality. Furthermore, micro-break autonomy mediated the moderating effect of perceived health climate on the link between daily micro-breaks and daily work vitality. Our findings provide actionable insights for managers on how to unlock the potential of micro-breaks.

… Thus, we advance scholarly understandings of micro-break activities for at-work recovery and provide implications for organizations and future researchers who wish to facilitate …

This study draws on the Recovery Step Model and the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory to propose a framework that examines how and when sleep quality influences work engagement. Specifically, we tested a moderated mediation model where sleep quality predicts employees' work engagement through enhanced self‐regulatory resources at the within‐person level. Additionally, we investigated whether human–animal interactions (HAIs), during micro‐breaks, moderate this indirect relationship. Overall, 155 teleworkers participated in a 10‐day diary study (155*10 = 1550 measurement occasions). The multilevel analysis revealed that daily sleep quality positively predicted employees' work engagement by enhancing their self‐regulatory resources. Moreover, this relationship was stronger for individuals who engaged in micro‐breaks involving interactions with their companion animals. As the frequency of HAIs during micro‐breaks increased, so did employees' levels of work engagement. These findings expand the recovery step model and the furr‐recovery method by demonstrating that HAIs serve as beneficial micro‐breaks during work hours, providing a restorative function that enhances work engagement. In sum, at least one HAI during the workday could have significant implications for employees' work engagement.

… numerical characterization of window view motifs; ii) collect observers' votes of window view quality, using 5-point Likert scale, with experiment simulating different window view motifs; iii…

Abstract Technological advances in eye tracking methodology have made it possible to unobtrusively measure consumer visual attention during the shopping process. Mobile eye tracking in field settings however has several limitations, including a highly cumbersome data coding process. In addition, field settings allow only limited control of important interfering variables. The present paper argues that virtual reality can provide an alternative setting that combines the benefits of mobile eye tracking with the flexibility and control provided by lab experiments. The paper first reviews key advantages of different eye tracking technologies as available for desktop, natural and virtual environments. It then explains how combining virtual reality settings with eye tracking provides a unique opportunity for shopper research in particular regarding the use of augmented reality to provide shopper assistance.

We present GazeBaseVR, a large-scale, longitudinal, binocular eye-tracking (ET) dataset collected at 250 Hz with an ET-enabled virtual-reality (VR) headset. GazeBaseVR comprises 5,020 binocular recordings from a diverse population of 407 college-aged participants. Participants were recorded up to six times each over a 26-month period, each time performing a series of five different ET tasks: (1) a vergence task, (2) a horizontal smooth pursuit task, (3) a video-viewing task, (4) a self-paced reading task, and (5) a random oblique saccade task. Many of these participants have also been recorded for two previously published datasets with different ET devices, and 11 participants were recorded before and after COVID-19 infection and recovery. GazeBaseVR is suitable for a wide range of research on ET data in VR devices, especially eye movement biometrics due to its large population and longitudinal nature. In addition to ET data, additional participant details are provided to enable further research on topics such as fairness.

Meta-analysis approaches can be used to assess the human risks due to exposure to environmental chemicals when there are numerous high-quality epidemiologic studies of priority outcomes in a database. However, methodological issues related to how different studies report effect measures and incorporate exposure into their analyses arise that complicate the pooled analysis of multiple studies. As such, there are "pre-analysis" steps that are often necessary to prepare summary data reported in epidemiologic studies for dose-response analysis. This paper uses epidemiologic studies of arsenic-induced health effects as a case example and addresses the issues surrounding the estimation of mean doses from censored dose- or exposure-intervals reported in the literature (e.g., estimation of mean doses from high exposures that are only reported as an open-ended interval), calculation of a common dose metric for use in a dose-response meta-analysis (one that takes into consideration inter-individual variability), and calculation of response "effective counts" that inherently account for confounders. The methods herein may be generalizable to 1) the analysis of other environmental contaminants with a suitable database of epidemiologic studies, and 2) any meta-analytic approach used to pool information across studies. A second companion paper detailing the use of "pre-analyzed" data in a hierarchical Bayesian dose-response model and techniques for extrapolating risks to target populations follows.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge loss of human life globally. However, few studies investigated the link between exposure to green space and risk of COVID-19 mortality rate, while also distinguishing the effects of various types of green space, considering the spatial distribution of human population and green space, and identifying the optimal buffer distances of nearby green space. It is critical and pressing to fill these significant knowledge gaps to protect and promote billions of people's health and life across the world. This study adopted a negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects model to examine the association between the ratios of various types of green space, population-weighted exposure to those various types of green space, and COVID-19 mortality rates across 3025 counties in the USA, adjusted for sociodemographic, pre-existing chronic disease, policy and regulation, behavioral, and environmental factors. The findings show that greater exposure to forest was associated with lower COVID-19 mortality rates, while developed open space had mixed associations with COVID-19 mortality rates. Forest outside park had the largest effect size across all buffer distances, followed by forest inside park. The optimal exposure buffer distance was 1 km for forest outside park, with per one-unit of increase in exposure associated with a 9.9 % decrease in COVID-19 mortality rates (95 % confidence interval (CI): 6.9 %–12.8 %). The optimal exposure buffer distance of forest inside park was 400 m, with per one-unit of increase in exposure associated with a 4.7 % decrease in mortality rates (95 % CI: 2.4 %–6.9 %). The results suggest that greater exposure to green spaces, especially to nearby forests, may mitigate the risk of COVID-19 mortality. Although findings of an ecological study cannot be directly used to guide medical interventions, this study may pave a critical new way for future research and practice across multiple disciplines.

… exposures must be carefully defined in future studies. This article reviews the dose–response … whether T cells are activated and the nature of the effector mechanisms that are generated. …

… the dose-response parameters from single and multiple study reports, for assigning levels to exposure … relation across studies is to estimate b, the change in the natural logarithm of the …

… Certainly, the results of natural exposure cannot be compared with a challenge in which the same quantity of allergen is delivered through a nebulizer. Although measurements of …

… observed in the control group of subjects exposed to -0.03 lux. Two-… dose–response curve of photic resetting of the human circadian pacemaker. It clearly demonstrates that exposure to …

We examined whether dog caregiving and outdoor access affect the relationships between a teleworking day and teleworkers' daily physical activity, loneliness, and job performance during the pandemic in two different seasons in 2021. Building on the biophilia hypothesis, we hypothesized that dog caregiving and outdoor access would attenuate the adverse effects of telework on our outcomes. We tested our cross-level moderation hypotheses in a Belgian daily diary data set combining two data collections during 10 workdays in two seasons: One in 284 teleworking employees in spring and one in 151 teleworking employees in autumn-of whom 75 also participated in spring (Npersons = 360, Ndatapoints = 3,809). Consistent with our hypotheses, mixed coefficient modeling showed two-way interactions between teleworking day and dog caregiving, and between teleworking day and outdoor access on daily physical activity, daily loneliness, and daily job performance. Specifically, both dog caregiving and outdoor access buffered against the harmful effects of a teleworking day on these three outcomes: On teleworking days compared to nonteleworking days, there was a smaller decrease in physical activity and in job performance for employees who had a dog or who had outdoor access compared to employees who did not. Likewise, dog caregiving and outdoor access buffered against an increase in loneliness on teleworking days, with a less steep increase for employees with a dog or outdoor access. Our study shows the importance of contextualizing the home context more broadly by including dogs and outdoor access at home when considering the effects of telework during and after the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).