基于人体工程学的小户型浴室柜模块化设计研究

Abstract The threat to health and social life resulting from the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus causing the COVID-19 disease has influenced people’s awareness of the need to maintain appropriate hygiene conditions in every area of life. The use of public bathrooms and toilets has also become a controversial topic. The aim of the study was to investigate the risks associated with the use of bathrooms, taking into account the potential risk of coronavirus infection. Another goal was to analyse and indicate the possibilities of protection as well as the application of design solutions in order to maintain appropriate hygienic and healthy conditions in these spaces. As a result of the research, factors and precautions that should be taken into account in the process of designing and implementing these facilities were identified. Design possibilities were examined in the field of the functional and spatial arrangement of bathrooms, and the selection of material solutions, elements of equipment, fittings and technical installations with a particular emphasis on potential threats related to bacteria and viruses, including coronavirus in public bathrooms. Design criteria for bathrooms have been defined, taking into account potential health and social life hazards and the possibility of their elimination thanks to the use of available knowledge, modern technology and innovation.

… designing universal bathrooms; design universal bathrooms for … based on test information, construct bathroom prototype(s) and test … Develop a modular approach to design so that each …

The study focused on the impact of bathroom design on user performance. It used a … about their bathroom needs and preferences. It examined the need for universal bathroom design …

This paper, starting from the background of the olfactory experience, analyzes the necessity of the innovative design of the olfactory experience in the bathroom furniture, expounds the concept of the olfactory sensation and olfactory experience, and summarizes the relationship between the olfactory experience and the human's psychological and behavior. This paper also discusses the idea and method of innovative design of sanitary ware based on olfactory experience, and by making an empirical demonstration, it designs two bathroom furniture with fragrance occurrence function, which provides a new idea for the design of olfactory experience in furniture products.

One of the problems of today's life is the limited living spaces and the way furniture is used in them, and the reasons for this are changes at multiple levels, including family size, age groups and income levels. Therefore, an engineer who designs furniture must think about a design that is more flexible and useful, cheaper and more efficient. Hence, the idea of "smart" furniture has come to meet human needs within architectural spaces with limited spaces without resorting to changing the size of the space or space. Furniture design is an ideal solution to meet the changing needs of the inhabitants of these spaces and is compatible with their culture and customs. Modern technology for designing furniture and housing has created several solutions including what is known as the computer home, the digital home and the interactive home, making pieces of furniture more flexible and useful, as they take up less space than the limited free space and perform more than one function for the users of these spaces. The idea of "smart" furniture that interacts with everything around it has emerged to meet the necessary and changing human needs in terms of function, use, space or spatial arrangement through the use of geometric shapes that are easy to shape and understand, far from extravagance and complexity in spaces and decorations, using materials and raw materials that help achieve the goals needed to solve the problem of limited space. Key words: Furniture, design, function, limited space.

Abstract Multifunctional furniture is a creative solution for managing small spaces. This study aims to explore a set of solutions and ideas for designing limited residential spaces by using the language of flexible, multi-functional furniture. This study uses a descriptive analytical approach by reviewing the relevant literature and analyzing six cases of limited residential spaces based on the language of multi-functional furniture design. The results of the study reveals several ways to achieve design flexibility in limited residential spaces, including open plans, sliding or folding partitions, and utilizing the vertical dimension of the space to create multiple levels. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that multi-functional furniture offers unique solutions and ideas that can improve design flexibility and efficiency when utilizing limited living spaces. The study recommends developing programs in architecture and interior design colleges to enhance graduates' ability to deal with small spaces and develop innovative designs for multi-functional furniture. Keywords: Limited residential spaces, flexible spaces, multi-functional furniture. الملخص الأثاث متعدد الوظائف من الحلول الإبداعية الذكية التي يمكن استخدامها لإدارة المساحات الصغيرة. تهدف الدراسة إلى استكشاف مجموعة من الحلول والأفكار لتصميم الفراغات السكنية المحدودة من خلال استخدام لغة الأثاث المرن متعدد الوظائف. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وذلك من خلال مراجعة الأدبيات ذات الصلة وتحليل (6) حالات لفراغات سكنية محدودة تقوم على لغة تصميم الأثاث متعدد الوظائف. أشارت نتائج الدراسة أن المرونة التصميمية في الفراغات السكنية المحدودة يمكن تحقيقها بعدة أساليب: المخطط المفتوح، والقواطع المنزلقة أو القابلة للطي، واستغلال البعد العامودي للفراغ لخلق مستويات متعددة. علاوة على ذلك، بينت الدراسة أن الأثاث متعدد الوظائف يوفر حلولا وأفكارا متميزة يمكن استخدامها لتعزيز المرونة التصميمية وتحسين كفاءة استخدام المساحات المعيشية المحدودة. توصي الدراسة بضرورة تطوير برامج كليات العمارة والتصميم الداخلي لتعزيز قدرة الخريجين على التعامل مع المساحات الصغيرة ووضع تصاميم مبتكرة للأثاث متعدد الوظائف. الكلمات المفتاحية: الفراغات السكنية المحدودة، المساحات المرنة، الأثاث متعدد الوظائف

The recent global pandemic has sped up architectural research in residential design aimed at rethinking housing layouts, services, and construction methods to accommodate the changing needs of the rapidly evolving contemporary society. New typological and technological design approaches are required to address, on the one hand, the adaptability of the plan as a result of higher flexibility and temporariness in familiar and working patterns, together with a downsizing of the layouts to ensure affordability and quality of life. On the other hand, the issues of sustainability and circular economy require specific attention to interpret the resilience of the building and the reuse/recycle of the fit-out systems. The paper aims at interpreting the notion of integration between fixtures and furnishing in housing design, based on a comprehensive literature review enriched with a case study analysis that shows design concepts and approaches rooted in theories and experiences of 20th-century architecture. Principles, potentials, and barriers to the development of integrated systems are highlighted and the possible implementation of industrialised production components, the potential for modularity, flexibility, and assembly are discussed.

… The quick change, modular approach to cabinet design has the potential to revolutionize Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accessibility requirements in multi-family housing. …

… , 1 turnstile cabinet, and 7 system and module cabinets. Based on … bathroom cabinets that were presented in this study will contribute to the bathroom cabinet designs by the bathroom …

As China enters an aging society, home-based elderly care has become the mainstream. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the safety and comfort of the elderly when using bathroom facilities at home. Through the identification and research of existing problems, this paper uses the research methods of movement behavior analysis and ergonomic principles to draw more rigorous conclusions, and proposes a complete optimization design plan for elderly-friendly bathroom spaces, including three modules and two spatial layouts. Meanwhile, the innovation points are put forward to illustrate the design thinking different from the past. Combined with existing literature, the design key points and practical value of elderly-friendly bathroom spaces are explored, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for improving the quality of life of the elderly.

… range of usability and human factors-related problems that nurses experience in the patient room bathroom. The general strategy for creating our bathroom heuristic evaluation tool was …

This qualitative study aims to identify challenges, needs and gaps for home care bathroom tasks and gather information that will allow for user-centered, sustainable solutions for home care in the bathroom. Twenty-one interviews were carried out with participants with the perspective of client, health care worker or care organization. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and interpretive description. The findings identify important factors for enabling both independent living for clients and a sustainable work environment for the health care workers. They include adequate space, access to assistive devices and regular risk assessments to recognize changing needs. Enabling independent living is one strategy that can be used to manage the ongoing demographic change as well as the expected future labor shortage in the care sector. Changes can be made in the physical environment (the residential bathroom) in order to facilitate safer task performance for both the clients and the health care workers.

… stylists and to accommodate human factors in all their complexity.the ambition of The Bathroom was to establish a fresh set of design criteria for bathroom facilities which were damned …

… designers and architects, and they either use human Universal Bathroom, a human factors and factors information or work closely with human …

… bathroom which is the object of this research is the threequarter bathroom, which is a bathroom … toilets, showers, and sinks (no bathtub that is the fourth element for a full bathroom type). …

… This study investigated factors of importance for creating well-functioning bathrooms – for … the bathroom to accommodate the user’s needs throughout their life span. These factors are of …

… of men and women, the distance of the storage bag from the ground is 999.5 mm, and the whole is 1000 mm, that is, 1 m. Bathroom storage should avoid narrow spaces and be placed …

AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the ergonomic design of toilets and bathroom equipment for older adults using anthropometric measurements. DESIGN This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. METHODS Data were collected from 2,721 people aged ≥ 65 years in Turkey. Fourteen anthropometric measurements were evaluated. Body dimension characteristics were described using minimum, maximum, and arithmetic means and standard deviations and the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles. RESULTS The measurements showed that companies generally do not design bathroom toilet equipment that is suitable for older adults. CONCLUSION This study provides advice to designers and manufacturers on how to adapt their products to the bathroom according to users' body characteristics in order to increase person-environment fit for older people.

… (especially considering the use of a wheelchair), the bathroom and the bedroom of the elderly were objects of an ergonomic intervention. In the bathroom (Figures 6 e 7) the increase in …

… Ergonomic actions taken during design hygienic and sanitary spaces and rooms used by … and well-being of small users. Providing friendly, ergonomic bathroom space for kids can …

… ergonomics in the domestic area, a short study was undertaken to evaluate just one item of equipment in the domestic bathroom… provision of more appropriate storage for teeth cleaning, …

… is another convenient and ergonomic solution. The folding … storage spaces and cistern topped off by a shower elements with pull-out shower heads. This space-saving vertical bathroom …

… Additionally, the bathroom layout is compact, with unclear circulation paths and a lack of … Design furniture with reasonable dimensions. Install safety grab bars on both sides of the …

The article shows the study about functional concepts of a small apartment. For the research the author has chosen 27,3 m2 apartment from the estate „Za Żelazną Bramą” in Warsaw. The study works on the optimization of minimum apartment model for 1-2 occupants that could meet contemporary standards. The study has proved that the original layout of the apartment can be improved to bring it closer to contemporary requirements. It turned out that improvements and changes mainly concerned dimensions and arrangement of the kitchen and bathroom. Theliving space could also be modified – good results have been obtained by implementing innovative details. The last simulation performed in the research (purely hypothetical) showed that the best optimization result could be obtained by slightly enlarging the basic plan of the apartment.