引言生成实例:单细胞测序揭示甲状腺癌微环境异质性
运行于 2026-10-26 · Acadwrite 引言生成 · 原样展示
这是「引言生成」页面上第一个示例的一次完整运行。输入只有研究主题和两三句研究发现,没有给任何参考文献;AI 自己检索、阅读、设计论证结构,把带内联引用的引言存成工作区里的一篇笔记。下面依次展示输入、过程、论证结构、引言全文与参考文献。
说明:输入为页面自带的示例;引言正文与参考文献为工作流原始输出,未做任何人工修改。参考文献已逐条用 Crossref 核对,DOI 均可解析且标题一致。
作者输入了什么
工作流做了什么
整个过程在工作区里自动完成,作者不需要中途干预。每一轮检索的结果都留在工作区「检索」目录下,可以回看 AI 依据了哪些文献。
- 读取任务说明,确定主题、研究发现与输出语言
- 围绕流行病学、甲状腺癌单细胞图谱、APOE 巨噬细胞、CAF 亚群、肿瘤内皮、免疫治疗抵抗等方向做 8 轮检索
- 精读 4 篇关键文献,核对样本量、细胞数和原文表述
- 针对论证缺口再补 2 轮检索
- 按「临床问题 → 研究进展 → 跨癌种证据 → 研究空白 → 本研究」写出引言,引用内联到对应论点,文末只列正文用到的文献
论证结构
甲状腺癌发病率上升而死亡率平稳,主要来自过度诊断;但 SEER 数据显示 2014 年后基于发病的死亡率仍在上升、大于 2 cm 的肿瘤并未减少,说明有一部分侵袭性疾病不能用过度诊断解释。
ATC 与 PTC 的微环境组分系统性不同;进展型 PTC 免疫细胞减少、LAMP3⁺ 树突状细胞促进 T 细胞耗竭;M2 巨噬细胞介导抗 PD-1 抵抗。但甲状腺癌微环境被原文明确描述为“刻画不足”。
梳理 Pu 等 11 例 15.8 万细胞的全病程图谱、Pan 等 8 例 PTC、双侧 PTC 的巨噬细胞比例随分期升高,以及空间转录组给出的阶段特异互作。
APOE⁺ 巨噬细胞促迁移、致免疫检查点抵抗,在 PTC 中与分期和淋巴结转移相关;CAF 表型是独立预后因素并驱动 EMT。这些亚群各自有证据,但在甲状腺癌中是否协同出现尚无回答。
样本多为 3–14 例、以 PTC 为主;分析多盯单一谱系或单条配体–受体轴;缺少大样本下亚群组合与分期的稳健对应。由此提出核心问题:是否存在可重复识别、功能互补的微环境枢纽。
50 例、约 40 万细胞的图谱,识别 APOE⁺ 巨噬细胞、EMT 样 CAF 与 RBP7⁺ 内皮细胞构成的枢纽微环境;意义落在参考图谱与“从细胞清单到协同模块”两个层面。
生成的引言(原文)
带下划线的是内联引用,点击直达原文 DOI。
参考文献
- Chen DW, Haymart MR. Unravelling the rise in thyroid cancer incidence and addressing overdiagnosis. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-025-01168-y
- Megwalu UC, Moon PK. Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in the United States: 2000–2018. Thyroid, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2021.0662
- Han P, Ye WD, Yu PC, et al. A distinct tumor microenvironment makes anaplastic thyroid cancer more lethal but immunotherapy sensitive than papillary thyroid cancer. JCI Insight, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.173712
- Pu W, Shi X, Yu P, et al. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the tumor ecosystems underlying initiation and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Nature Communications, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26343-3
- Pan J, Ye F, Yu C, et al. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Landscape and Its Immunological Link With Hashimoto Thyroiditis at Single-Cell Resolution. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.758339
- Wang TT, Shi JF, Li L, et al. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Inter-Tumor Heterogeneity in Bilateral Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Frontiers in Immunology, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.840811
- Wang ZY, Ji X, Zhang Y, et al. Interactions between LAMP3+ dendritic cells and T-cell subpopulations promote immune evasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2024-008983
- Ning J, Hou XK, Hao J, et al. METTL3 inhibition induced by M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles drives anti-PD-1 therapy resistance via M6A-CD70-mediated immune suppression in thyroid cancer. Cell Death and Differentiation, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-023-01217-x
- Liao T, Zeng Y, Xu WB, et al. A spatially resolved transcriptome landscape during thyroid cancer progression. Cell Reports Medicine, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102043
- Pan Z, Bao LS, Lu XX, et al. IL2RA+VSIG4+ tumor-associated macrophage is a key subpopulation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166591
- Zheng P, Luo Q, Wang W, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages-derived exosomes promote the migration of gastric cancer cells by transfer of functional Apolipoprotein E. Cell Death and Disease, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-0465-5
- Zheng N, Wang T, Luo Q, et al. M2 macrophage-derived exosomes suppress tumor intrinsic immunogenicity to confer immunotherapy resistance. Oncoimmunology, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2023.2210959
- Huo R, Zhao RH, Li Z, et al. APOE expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma: Influencing tumor progression and macrophage polarization. Immunobiology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152821
- Cords L, Engler S, Haberecker M, et al. Cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes are associated with patient outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2023.12.021
- Ma C, Yang CZ, Peng A, et al. Pan-cancer spatially resolved single-cell analysis reveals the crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor microenvironment. Molecular Cancer, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01876-x
- Jia HY, Chen X, Zhang L, et al. Cancer associated fibroblasts in cancer development and therapy. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-025-01688-0
- Ligorio M, Sil S, Malagon-Lopez J, et al. Stromal Microenvironment Shapes the Intratumoral Architecture of Pancreatic Cancer. Cell, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.012